واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - قانون

in the US, a court of law that makes decisions regarding cases in which the lower court's judgment is contested

دادگاه استیناف, دادگاه واخواهی

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

فرجام‌خواه, استیناف‌دهنده

a paragraph or clause in a legal agreement or document that is separate from others and deals with something particular

ماده (قانونی), بند، اصل

an additional part of a legal document

تبصره, زیربند، ماده فرعی

a legal document from a court or another legal authority that instructs someone on what to do or not to do

حکم, فرمان

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

سوگندنامه, استشهاد

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

حکم, مجوز، دستور (قانونی)

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

شاکی, خواهان، مدعی (حقوقی)

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

وکیل دادگستری

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

توافق

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

اقرارنامه اسقاط حق

to legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.

باطل کردن, بی‌اثر کردن، ملغی کردن

to officially approve of something such as an action, change, practice, etc.

مجوز صادر کردن, تصویب کردن

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

به اجرا درآوردن, پیش بردن، اجرا کردن

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

صادر کردن

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

تبرئه کردن

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

عفو کردن

to make an official judgment, decision, or order

حکم دادن, فرمان دادن

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

پیگرد قانونی, شکایت، تعقیب قانونی

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

نظام قضایی

to violate someone's rights or property

نقض کردن, زیر پا گذاشتن، شکستن، تخلف کردن

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

باطل کردن, لغو کردن، تغییر دادن (حقوقی)

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

باطل کردن, از درجه اعتبار ساقط کردن، بی‌اثر کردن

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

محکومیت

a formal accusation of a crime

اتهام

the act of making something legally acceptable and the declaration of it

تصدیق, تأیید اعتبار

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

دعوی قضایی, دادخواهی، اقامه دعاوی

to officially state that something is illegal

غیرقانونی اعلام کردن

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

قانون وضع کردن, قانون‌گذاری کردن، قانون تصویب کردن

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

سردفتر اسناد رسمی

the fact that something is in accordance with the law

قانونی‌ بودن

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

بازجویی کردن, بازپرسی کردن، استنطاق کردن

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

وکیل دادگستری, وکیل مدافع

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

دعوی را استماع و قضاوت کردن, رسیدگی (قضایی) کردن