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Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Zákon

Zde se dozvíte některá anglická slovíčka o právu, jako je „article“, „waiver“, „acquit“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
court of appeals
[Podstatné jméno]

in the US, a court of law that makes decisions regarding cases in which the lower court's judgment is contested

odvolací soud, soudní dvůr odvolání

odvolací soud, soudní dvůr odvolání

appellant
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who appeals in a higher court against a decision made in a lower court

odvolatel, žalobce

odvolatel, žalobce

article
[Podstatné jméno]

a paragraph or clause in a legal agreement or document that is separate from others and deals with something particular

článek, uvedená část

článek, uvedená část

Ex: Article 9 specifies the conditions under which the agreement can be terminated .
subclause
[Podstatné jméno]

an additional part of a legal document

pododstavec, dodatková klauzule

pododstavec, dodatková klauzule

writ
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal document from a court or another legal authority that instructs someone on what to do or not to do

příkaz, dopisní soudní příkaz

příkaz, dopisní soudní příkaz

affidavit
[Podstatné jméno]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

prohlášení učiněné pod přísahou, čestné prohlášení

prohlášení učiněné pod přísahou, čestné prohlášení

Ex: Falsifying information in affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .
warrant
[Podstatné jméno]

an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions

příkaz, zatykač

příkaz, zatykač

Ex: He challenged the validity of warrant, arguing that it lacked probable cause .
plaintiff
[Podstatné jméno]

a person who brings a lawsuit against someone else in a court

žalobce, navrhovatel

žalobce, navrhovatel

Ex: During the trial , plaintiff testified about the impact of the defendant 's actions .
litigator
[Podstatné jméno]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

žalobce, advokát

žalobce, advokát

Ex: In the courtroom , litigator presented persuasive arguments and effectively cross-examined witnesses to support their client 's case .
settlement
[Podstatné jméno]

an official agreement that puts an end to a dispute

smír, uvolnění

smír, uvolnění

Ex: settlement required the defendant to pay a substantial sum to the plaintiff to settle the legal dispute .
waiver
[Podstatné jméno]

an official statement according to which one gives up their legal right or claim

vzdaní se, podání o vzdání se práv

vzdaní se, podání o vzdání se práv

Ex: Before enrolling in the course , students had to sign waiver acknowledging the risks .
to nullify
[sloveso]

to legally invalidate an agreement, decision, etc.

zrušit, anulovat

zrušit, anulovat

Ex: The company ’s failure to comply with the terms nullify the benefits outlined in the agreement .
to sanction
[sloveso]

to officially approve of something such as an action, change, practice, etc.

schválit, povolit

schválit, povolit

Ex: The government decided sanction the trade agreement between the two countries , providing official authorization for the deal .
to enforce
[sloveso]

to ensure that a law or rule is followed

prosazovat, vynucovat

prosazovat, vynucovat

Ex: Security enforce the venue 's rules to ensure the safety and enjoyment of all attendees .
to issue
[sloveso]

to release an official document such as a statement, warrant, etc.

vydat, publikovat

vydat, publikovat

Ex: Can issue a proclamation for the upcoming event ?
to acquit
[sloveso]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

osvobodit, zprostit viny

osvobodit, zprostit viny

Ex: The exoneration process ultimately led to the court 's decision acquit the defendant of all charges .
to pardon
[sloveso]

to discharge a criminal from the legal consequences of a conviction or violation

omilostnit, pardonovat

omilostnit, pardonovat

Ex: The clemency petition resulted in the decision pardon the non-violent offenders .
to decree
[sloveso]

to make an official judgment, decision, or order

decrevit, nařídit

decrevit, nařídit

Ex: The decreed new zoning regulations for the residential area .
prosecution
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of bringing someone to court in an attempt to prove their guilt

stíhání, prokuratura

stíhání, prokuratura

Ex: He faced a prosecution, which included multiple trials .
judiciary
[Podstatné jméno]

the part of a country's government that administers the legal system, including all its judges

soudnictvo, justiční systém

soudnictvo, justiční systém

Ex: judiciary operates independently from the executive and legislative branches .
to infringe
[sloveso]

to violate someone's rights or property

porušit, narušit

porušit, narušit

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty infringing the patent rights of a competing company .
to overturn
[sloveso]

to reverse, abolish, or invalidate something, especially a legal decision

zrušit, převrátit

zrušit, převrátit

Ex: The athlete's suspension was overturned after a thorough review of the doping test results.
to void
[sloveso]

to announce that something is no longer legally valid or binding

zrušit, neplatný

zrušit, neplatný

Ex: The voided the warranty when the product was found to be tampered with .
conviction
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal declaration by which someone is found guilty of a crime in a court of law

odsouzení, rozsudek

odsouzení, rozsudek

Ex: She was shocked by conviction, as he had always maintained his innocence .
indictment
[Podstatné jméno]

a formal accusation of a crime

obžaloba, obvinění

obžaloba, obvinění

Ex: Upon receiving indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .
validation
[Podstatné jméno]

the act of making something legally acceptable and the declaration of it

validace, ověření

validace, ověření

litigation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process of bringing a lawsuit to a court in order to obtain a judgment

právní spor, žaloba

právní spor, žaloba

to outlaw
[sloveso]

to officially state that something is illegal

zakázat, prohlásit za nelegální

zakázat, prohlásit za nelegální

Ex: To address concerns about privacy , the government moved outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices .
to legislate
[sloveso]

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

legislativně upravit, přijmout zákony

legislativně upravit, přijmout zákony

Ex: The parliament is set legislate a minimum wage increase in the next session .
notary
[Podstatné jméno]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notář, notářský úředník

notář, notářský úředník

Ex: notary confirmed the identity of the signatories and witnessed the signing of the will in accordance with state law .
legality
[Podstatné jméno]

the fact that something is in accordance with the law

legálnost, zákonnost

legálnost, zákonnost

to question someone in an aggressive way for a long time in order to get information

vyslýchat, interrogovat

vyslýchat, interrogovat

Ex: The investigator spent interrogating the suspect to unravel the motives behind the incident .
barrister
[Podstatné jméno]

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

obhájce, advokát

obhájce, advokát

Ex: As barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .
to adjudicate
[sloveso]

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

rozhodnout, adjudikovat

rozhodnout, adjudikovat

Ex: Last month , the mediator was adjudicating conflicts between the parties .
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