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Lista de Palabras Nivel B2 - Política

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre política, como "federal", "revolutionary", "congress", etc. preparadas para estudiantes de B2.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
domestic
domestic
[Adjetivo]

relating to activities, issues, or affairs within a particular country

interno, nacional, interno

interno, nacional, interno

Ex: The domestic economy is influenced by factors such as inflation, employment rates, and consumer spending. 

La economía doméstica está influenciada por factores como la inflación, las tasas de empleo y el gasto de los consumidores.

federal
federal
[Adjetivo]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

federal

federal

Ex: The country's federal structure divides powers between the national government and its states or provinces. 

La estructura federal del país divide los poderes entre el gobierno nacional y sus estados o provincias.

independent
independent
[Adjetivo]

(of a country, state, etc.) function without being controlled or influenced by others

independiente

independiente

Ex: Many nations celebrate their independent status with a national holiday. 

Muchas naciones celebran su estatus independiente con un feriado nacional.

official
official
[Adjetivo]

holding a position of authority or responsibility within an organization or government

oficial

oficial

Ex: The official referee made the final decision on the controversial call during the game. 

El árbitro oficial tomó la decisión final sobre la polémica llamada durante el juego.

presidential
presidential
[Adjetivo]

associated with the role or actions of a president, such as decisions, behaviors, or policies

presidencial

presidencial

Ex: Presidential powers include the authority to veto legislation passed by the legislature. 

Los poderes presidenciales incluyen la autoridad para vetar la legislación aprobada por la legislatura.

revolution
revolution
[Sustantivo]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

revolución

revolución

Ex: The revolution was sparked by widespread discontent with the oppressive regime. 

La revolución fue provocada por un descontento generalizado con el régimen opresivo.

revolutionary
revolutionary
[Adjetivo]

involved in or characteristic of a revolution

revolucionario

revolucionario

Ex: His speeches were filled with revolutionary fervor, calling for radical reforms in the country. 

Sus discursos estaban llenos de fervor revolucionario, pidiendo reformas radicales en el país.

congress
congress
[Sustantivo]

a formal meeting of representatives from various regions within a country to discuss and make decisions on national issues

congreso

congreso

Ex: The opposition in congress strongly criticized the government's economic policies. 

La oposición en el congreso criticó fuertemente las políticas económicas del gobierno.

conservative
conservative
[Sustantivo]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

conservador

conservador

Ex: The conservative leader outlined the party's economic policies in a televised debate. 

El líder conservador delineó las políticas económicas del partido en un debate televisado.

Conservative Party
Conservative Party
[Sustantivo]

a major political party in the UK favoring traditional values, economic liberalism, and gradual change rather than radical reform

Partido Conservador

Partido Conservador

Ex: The Conservative Party's approach to Brexit was to prioritize national sovereignty and control over immigration policies. 

El enfoque del Partido Conservador sobre el Brexit fue priorizar la soberanía nacional y el control de las políticas de inmigración.

Republican Party
Republican Party
[Sustantivo]

the youngest political party in the US which has conservative beliefs and is against the high power of central government

Partido Republicano

Partido Republicano

Ex: During the last election, the Republican Party campaigned on promises to strengthen border security and reform healthcare. 

Durante las últimas elecciones, el Partido Republicano hizo campaña con promesas de fortalecer la seguridad fronteriza y reformar el sistema de salud.

democrat
democrat
[Sustantivo]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demócrata

demócrata

Ex: Many Democrats prioritize environmental protection and advocate for policies to combat climate change. 

Los demócratas priorizan la protección ambiental y abogan por políticas para combatir el cambio climático.

Democratic Party
Democratic Party
[Sustantivo]

the oldest political party in the US which believes in social equality by helping the poor in different ways, etc.

Partido Demócrata

Partido Demócrata

Ex: The Democratic Party has historically championed civil rights, including voting rights and LGBTQ+ rights. 

El Partido Demócrata históricamente ha defendido los derechos civiles, incluidos los derechos de voto y los derechos LGBTQ+.

labor party
labor party
[Sustantivo]

a British political party which favors the welfare of workers and the poor

partido laborista

partido laborista

Ex: The Labor Party has historically been a strong advocate for labor unions and fair wages. 

El Partido Laborista ha sido históricamente un firme defensor de los sindicatos y los salarios justos.

to back
to back
[Verbo]

to support someone or something

respaldar

respaldar

Ex: Investors were willing to back the startup, recognizing its potential for success. 

Los inversores estaban dispuestos a respaldar la startup, reconociendo su potencial de éxito.

to debate
to debate
[Verbo]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

debatir

debatir

Ex: The students debated the merits of implementing a dress code policy at their school. 

Los estudiantes debaten los méritos de implementar una política de código de vestimenta en su escuela.

to govern
to govern
[Verbo]

to officially have the control and authority to rule over a country and manage its affairs

gobernar

gobernar

Ex: The prime minister's role is to govern and lead the government in policy-making. 

El papel del primer ministro es gobernar y liderar al gobierno en la formulación de políticas.

government
government
[Sustantivo]

a special way or system of controlling a country, state, etc.

gobierno

gobierno

Ex: In a federal system of government, power is divided between a central authority and various regional governments or states. 

En un sistema federal de gobierno, el poder se divide entre una autoridad central y varios gobiernos regionales o estados.

democracy
democracy
[Sustantivo]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

democracia

democracia

Ex: He joined the movement to promote democracy and social justice. 

Se unió al movimiento para promover la democracia y la justicia social.

dictatorship
dictatorship
[Sustantivo]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

dictadura

dictadura

Ex: The people lived in fear under the dictatorship's strict laws. 

La gente vivía con miedo bajo las estrictas leyes de la dictadura.

kingdom
kingdom
[Sustantivo]

a nation or state that its ruler is a king or queen

reino

reino

Ex: The kingdom prospered under the wise rule of the queen, who brought peace and stability. 

El reino prosperó bajo el sabio gobierno de la reina, quien trajo paz y estabilidad.

monarchy
monarchy
[Sustantivo]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarquía

monarquía

Ex: The citizens celebrated the anniversary of their monarchy with a grand parade. 

Los ciudadanos celebraron el aniversario de su monarquía con un gran desfile.

independence
independence
[Sustantivo]

the state of being free from the control of others

independencia

independencia

Ex: She valued her independence and preferred to make decisions on her own. 

Ella valoraba su independencia y prefería tomar decisiones por su cuenta.

human right
human right
[Sustantivo]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

derecho humano

derecho humano

Ex: Torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited under international human rights law, emphasizing the right to be free from such abuse. 

La tortura y los tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes están prohibidos por el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, haciendo hincapié en el derecho a estar libre de tales abusos.

nation
nation
[Sustantivo]

a country considered as a group of people that share the same history, language, etc., and are ruled by the same government

nación

nación

Ex: Taiwan is officially known as the Republic of China, a nation with its own government and institutions. 

Taiwán es oficialmente conocida como la República de China, una nación con su propio gobierno e instituciones.

to plot
to plot
[Verbo]

to secretly make a plan to harm someone or do something illegal

tramar

tramar

Ex: The antagonist in the novel meticulously plotted to frame the protagonist for a crime he did not commit. 

El antagonista en la novela tramó meticulosamente inculpar al protagonista de un crimen que no cometió.

state
state
[Sustantivo]

a country under the control of one government

nación

nación

Ex: Japan is an island state in East Asia, known for its technological innovation and cultural heritage. 

Japón es un Estado insular en Asia Oriental, conocido por su innovación tecnológica y patrimonio cultural.

majority
majority
[Sustantivo]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

mayoría

mayoría

Ex: The majority ensured that the bill passed easily through the legislative process. 

La mayoría aseguró que el proyecto de ley se aprobara fácilmente en el proceso legislativo.

minister
minister
[Sustantivo]

the person who is the head of a specific department within the government, responsible for managing policies, operations, and administration related to that department

ministro, secretario

ministro, secretario

Ex: The Prime Minister appoints ministers to head various government departments, forming the cabinet responsible for decision-making and governance. 

El Primer Ministro nombra a ministros para dirigir los diversos departamentos gubernamentales, formando el gabinete responsable de la toma de decisiones y la gobernanza.

secretary
secretary
[Sustantivo]

the person who is the head of a US government department

ministro, secretario

ministro, secretario

Ex: During the press conference, the Secretary of Education outlined plans for school reform. 

Durante la conferencia de prensa, el secretario de Educación delineó los planes para la reforma escolar.

spokesperson
spokesperson
[Sustantivo]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

portavoz, vocero

portavoz, vocero

Ex: The spokesperson clarified the organization's stance on the proposed policy changes. 

El portavoz aclaró la postura de la organización sobre los cambios de política propuestos.

negotiation
negotiation
[Sustantivo]

formal discussion intended to reach an agreement

negociación

negociación

Ex: The negotiation over the contract terms took longer than expected. 

La negociación de los términos del contrato tomó más tiempo de lo esperado.

opposition
opposition
[Sustantivo]

the main political party opposed to the government

oposición

oposición

Ex: In parliament, the opposition presented an alternative budget proposal. 

En el parlamento, la oposición presentó una propuesta presupuestaria alternativa.

policy
policy
[Sustantivo]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

política

política

Ex: The university enacted a diversity and inclusion policy to promote equity among students and faculty. 

La universidad promulgó una política de diversidad e inclusión para promover la equidad entre estudiantes y profesores.

presidency
presidency
[Sustantivo]

the period of time during which a president is in power

presidencia

presidencia

Ex: The U.S. presidency is a four-year term with the possibility of re-election for a second term. 

La presidencia de EE.UU. es un mandato de cuatro años con posibilidad de reelección para un segundo mandato.

to run for
to run for
[Verbo]

to participate in an election as a candidate

postularse

postularse

Ex: Several candidates are running for the position of governor. 

Varios candidatos se postulan para el puesto de gobernador.

seat
seat
[Sustantivo]

the position of a member in a committee, parliament, etc.

escaño

escaño

Ex: He was appointed to a seat on the committee responsible for reviewing environmental regulations. 

Fue nombrado para un asiento en el comité responsable de revisar las regulaciones ambientales.

voting
voting
[Sustantivo]

the process or action of choosing someone during an election

votación

votación

Ex: Early voting options were available to accommodate those who could not vote on Election Day. 

Las opciones de votación anticipada estaban disponibles para acomodar a aquellos que no podían votar el día de las elecciones.

territory
territory
[Sustantivo]

a geographic area belonging to or ruled by a government or authority

territorio

territorio

Ex: Explorers mapped out the uncharted territory, claiming it for their homeland. 

Los exploradores mapearon el territorio desconocido, reclamándolo para su patria.

to negotiate

to discuss the terms of an agreement or try to reach one

negociar

negociar

Ex: In a team project, members may need to negotiate their individual tasks and contributions to achieve a balanced workload. 

En un proyecto de equipo, los miembros pueden necesitar negociar sus tareas individuales y contribuciones para lograr una carga de trabajo equilibrada.

conspiracy
conspiracy
[Sustantivo]

a secret plan by a group to commit an unlawful, harmful, or treacherous act

conspiración, conjura

conspiración, conjura

Ex: The novel tells the story of a conspiracy against the monarchy. 

La novela cuenta la historia de una conspiración contra la monarquía.

crackdown
crackdown
[Sustantivo]

a severe and often sudden enforcement of law or regulations, typically to suppress or control specific activities, behaviors, or groups perceived as problematic or threatening

represión, medida enérgica

represión, medida enérgica

Ex: The police conducted a crackdown on drug trafficking, resulting in the seizure of large quantities of narcotics and the arrest of several suspects. 

La policía llevó a cabo una campaña de represión contra el tráfico de drogas, lo que resultó en la incautación de grandes cantidades de narcóticos y la detención de varios sospechosos.

repression
repression
[Sustantivo]

the action of controlling people by means of force or violence

represión, opresión

represión, opresión

Ex: The regime used brutal repression to maintain its grip on power. 

El régimen utilizó una represión brutal para mantener su control del poder.

prime minister
prime minister
[Sustantivo]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

primer ministro, jefe de gobierno

primer ministro, jefe de gobierno

Ex: The Prime Minister met with foreign dignitaries to discuss trade agreements and international cooperation. 

El Primer ministro se reunió con dignatarios extranjeros para discutir acuerdos comerciales y cooperación internacional.

Department of Homeland Security

a US federal agency responsible for protecting the country from various threats, including terrorism, border security, immigration, and cybersecurity

Ex: The Department of Homeland Security conducts investigations into cyber threats and works to strengthen national cybersecurity infrastructure. 
to [lead] astray

to cause someone to make a poor decision by providing them with incorrect guidance or misleading information

Ex: The false rumors led the public astray. 
Senate
Senate
[Sustantivo]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

Senado

Senado

Ex: The Senate passed legislation on healthcare reform. 

El Senado aprobó una legislación sobre la reforma sanitaria.

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