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قائمة كلمات المستوى B2 - Politics

هنا سوف تتعلم بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية عن السياسة، مثل "فيدرالي"، "ثوري"، "كونغرس"، إلخ، المعدة لمتعلمي المستوى B2.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
domestic
domestic
[صفة]

relating to activities, issues, or affairs within a particular country

محلي, وطني

محلي, وطني

Ex: Domestic policy decisions affect the lives of citizens within a country. 
federal
federal
[صفة]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

فيدرالي, مركزي

فيدرالي, مركزي

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 
independent
independent
[صفة]

(of a country, state, etc.) function without being controlled or influenced by others

مستقل

مستقل

Ex: After years of struggle, the nation finally became independent from colonial rule. 
official
official
[صفة]

holding a position of authority or responsibility within an organization or government

رسمي, مسؤول

رسمي, مسؤول

Ex: The official spokesperson for the company addressed the media regarding the incident. 
presidential
presidential
[صفة]

associated with the role or actions of a president, such as decisions, behaviors, or policies

رئاسي, متعلق بالرئاسة

رئاسي, متعلق بالرئاسة

Ex: The presidential address outlined the government's priorities for the upcoming year. 
revolution
revolution
[اسم]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

ثورة

ثورة

Ex: The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. 
revolutionary

involved in or characteristic of a revolution

ثوري

ثوري

Ex: The revolutionary leader mobilized the masses against the oppressive regime. 
congress
congress
[اسم]

a formal meeting of representatives from various regions within a country to discuss and make decisions on national issues

مؤتمر,  جمعية

مؤتمر, جمعية

Ex: The congress debated the proposed amendments to the constitution late into the night. 
conservative
conservative
[اسم]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

محافظ, تقليدي

محافظ, تقليدي

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
Conservative Party

a major political party in the UK favoring traditional values, economic liberalism, and gradual change rather than radical reform

حزب المحافظين

حزب المحافظين

Ex: The Conservative Party believes in preserving traditional values and institutions like the monarchy. 
Republican Party

the youngest political party in the US which has conservative beliefs and is against the high power of central government

الحزب الجمهوري, الحزب الجمهوري الأمريكي

الحزب الجمهوري, الحزب الجمهوري الأمريكي

Ex: Many members of the Republican Party oppose expansive government programs and advocate for individual liberties. 
democrat
democrat
[اسم]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

ديمقراطي, مؤيد للديمقراطية الاجتماعية

ديمقراطي, مؤيد للديمقراطية الاجتماعية

Ex: As a Democrat, she believes in expanding access to healthcare for all citizens through government programs. 
Democratic Party

the oldest political party in the US which believes in social equality by helping the poor in different ways, etc.

الحزب الديمقراطي, الحزب الديموقراطي

الحزب الديمقراطي, الحزب الديموقراطي

Ex: The Democratic Party nominated Joe Biden as its presidential candidate for the 2020 election. 
labor party
labor party
[اسم]

a British political party which favors the welfare of workers and the poor

حزب العمال, الحزب العمالي

حزب العمال, الحزب العمالي

Ex: The Labor Party introduced policies aimed at improving healthcare and education for all. 
to back
to back
[فعل]

to support someone or something

يدعم, يساند

يدعم, يساند

Ex: The team decided to back their captain's decision during the crucial match. 
to debate
to debate
[فعل]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

ناقش, جادل

ناقش, جادل

Ex: The candidates took the stage to debate their views on important issues in front of a live audience 
to govern
to govern
[فعل]

to officially have the control and authority to rule over a country and manage its affairs

يحكم, يدير

يحكم, يدير

Ex: Elected leaders govern the nation, making decisions for the welfare of its citizens. 
government
government
[اسم]

a special way or system of controlling a country, state, etc.

حكومة

حكومة

Ex: In a democratic government, leaders are elected by the people through free and fair elections. 
democracy
democracy
[اسم]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

الديمقراطية, حكم الشعب

الديمقراطية, حكم الشعب

Ex: She strongly believes in democracy and advocates for government by the people. 
dictatorship
dictatorship
[اسم]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

دكتاتورية, نظام استبدادي

دكتاتورية, نظام استبدادي

Ex: Under the dictatorship, citizens had no freedom of speech or assembly. 
kingdom
kingdom
[اسم]

a nation or state that its ruler is a king or queen

مملكة, ملكية

مملكة, ملكية

Ex: The ancient kingdom was known for its powerful armies and vast territories. 
monarchy
monarchy
[اسم]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

الملكية, المملكة

الملكية, المملكة

Ex: The monarchy has existed in the country for centuries, with the king serving as the head of state. 
independence
independence
[اسم]

the state of being free from the control of others

استقلال, حكم ذاتي

استقلال, حكم ذاتي

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
human right
human right
[اسم]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

حق الإنسان

حق الإنسان

Ex: Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to voice their opinions without fear of censorship or retaliation. 
nation
nation
[اسم]

a country considered as a group of people that share the same history, language, etc., and are ruled by the same government

أمة, بلد

أمة, بلد

Ex: France is a nation known for its art, cuisine, and strong sense of national identity. 
to plot
to plot
[فعل]

to secretly make a plan to harm someone or do something illegal

يتآمر, يدبر مؤامرة

يتآمر, يدبر مؤامرة

Ex: The group of conspirators plotted to sabotage the competitor's business by spreading false rumors. 
state
state
[اسم]

a country under the control of one government

دولة, أمة

دولة, أمة

Ex: The United States is a powerful state with significant influence in global politics and economics. 
majority
majority
[اسم]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

أغلبية

أغلبية

Ex: The candidate won by a majority of 10,000 votes. 
minister
minister
[اسم]

the person who is the head of a specific department within the government, responsible for managing policies, operations, and administration related to that department

وزير

وزير

Ex: As head of the Department of Finance, the minister oversees the country's economic policies and fiscal management. 
secretary
secretary
[اسم]

the person who is the head of a US government department

وزير, سكرتير

وزير, سكرتير

Ex: The Secretary of State plays a crucial role in shaping U.S. foreign policy. 
spokesperson
spokesperson
[اسم]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

المتحدث الرسمي, ممثل

المتحدث الرسمي, ممثل

Ex: The spokesperson for the company issued a statement addressing the recent controversy. 
negotiation
negotiation
[اسم]

formal discussion intended to reach an agreement

مفاوضات, تفاوض

مفاوضات, تفاوض

Ex: The negotiation between the two countries resulted in a historic peace treaty. 
opposition
opposition
[اسم]

the main political party opposed to the government

المعارضة

المعارضة

Ex: The opposition criticized the government's handling of the economic crisis. 
policy
policy
[اسم]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

سياسة

سياسة

Ex: The government introduced a new fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. 
presidency
presidency
[اسم]

the period of time during which a president is in power

الرئاسة, فترة الرئاسة

الرئاسة, فترة الرئاسة

Ex: His presidency was marked by significant economic reforms and social policies. 
to run for
to run for
[فعل]

to participate in an election as a candidate

ترشح ل, يركض ل

ترشح ل, يركض ل

Ex: She decided to run for mayor in the upcoming election. 
seat
seat
[اسم]

the position of a member in a committee, parliament, etc.

مقعد, مكان

مقعد, مكان

Ex: She won a seat in parliament in the last election, representing her local constituency. 
voting
voting
[اسم]

the process or action of choosing someone during an election

التصويت

التصويت

Ex: Voting is a fundamental right in a democracy, allowing citizens to choose their leaders. 
territory
territory
[اسم]

a geographic area belonging to or ruled by a government or authority

إقليم, منطقة

إقليم, منطقة

Ex: The disputed territory has been a source of conflict between the two neighboring countries for decades. 
to negotiate
to negotiate
[فعل]

to discuss the terms of an agreement or try to reach one

يتفاوض, يناقش

يتفاوض, يناقش

Ex: The diplomats spent days negotiating the terms of the peace treaty between the two countries. 
conspiracy
conspiracy
[اسم]

a secret plan by a group to commit an unlawful, harmful, or treacherous act

مؤامرة, تدبير

مؤامرة, تدبير

Ex: The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government. 
crackdown
crackdown
[اسم]

a severe and often sudden enforcement of law or regulations, typically to suppress or control specific activities, behaviors, or groups perceived as problematic or threatening

قمع, إجراء صارم

قمع, إجراء صارم

Ex: The government launched a crackdown on illegal immigration, leading to widespread arrests and deportations. 
repression
repression
[اسم]

the action of controlling people by means of force or violence

قمع, اضطهاد

قمع, اضطهاد

Ex: The government's repression of the protests led to widespread condemnation from the international community. 
prime minister

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

رئيس الوزراء, رئيس الحكومة

رئيس الوزراء, رئيس الحكومة

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 
Department of Homeland Security

a US federal agency responsible for protecting the country from various threats, including terrorism, border security, immigration, and cybersecurity

Ex: The Department of Homeland Security oversees efforts to secure borders and prevent illegal immigration into the United States. 
to [lead] astray
to lead astray
[عبارة]

to cause someone to make a poor decision by providing them with incorrect guidance or misleading information

Ex: The cult leader led his followers astray. 
Senate
Senate
[اسم]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

مجلس الشيوخ, الغرفة العليا

مجلس الشيوخ, الغرفة العليا

Ex: The Senate confirmed the new Supreme Court justice. 
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