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B2 Level Wordlist - Politics

Here you will learn some English words about politics, such as "federal", "revolutionary", "congress", etc. prepared for B2 learners.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
domestic
domestic
[Adjective]

relating to activities, issues, or affairs within a particular country

Ex: Domestic trade refers to the buying and selling of goods and services within a nation .
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federal
federal
[Adjective]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

Ex: The federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .
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independent
independent
[Adjective]

(of a country, state, etc.) function without being controlled or influenced by others

Ex: Achieving independent governance allowed the country to set its own economic policies .
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official
official
[Adjective]

holding a position of authority or responsibility within an organization or government

Ex: In his role as the official judge , he impartially evaluated the contestants ' performances in the competition .
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presidential
presidential
[Adjective]

associated with the role or actions of a president, such as decisions, behaviors, or policies

Ex: The presidential inauguration marks the beginning of a new term in office .
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revolution

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

Ex: The revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation .
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revolutionary
revolutionary
[Adjective]

involved in or characteristic of a revolution

Ex: The underground newspaper published revolutionary ideas that fueled dissent against the authoritarian regime .
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congress
congress
[noun]

a formal meeting of representatives from various regions within a country to discuss and make decisions on national issues

Ex: The president addressed congress during the annual State of the Nation speech .
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conservative

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.
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Conservative Party

a major political party in the UK favoring traditional values, economic liberalism, and gradual change rather than radical reform

Ex: Boris Johnson is the current leader of the Conservative Party in the UK .
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Republican Party

the youngest political party in the US which has conservative beliefs and is against the high power of central government

Ex: In Congress , the Republican Party often works to block legislation that increases government spending .
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democrat
democrat
[noun]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.
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Democratic Party

the oldest political party in the US which believes in social equality by helping the poor in different ways, etc.

Ex: Democratic Party leaders have proposed legislation to increase the federal minimum wage and support working families with childcare subsidies .
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labor party

a British political party which favors the welfare of workers and the poor

Ex: The Labor Party won a significant number of seats in parliament, shifting the political landscape.
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to back
to back
[Verb]

to support someone or something

Ex: While they were facing difficulties , we were backing them with emotional support .
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to debate
to debate
[Verb]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

Ex: Politicians debated the proposed healthcare reform bill on the floor of the parliament .
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to govern
to govern
[Verb]

to officially have the control and authority to rule over a country and manage its affairs

Ex: The tribal council collectively governs the community , addressing various issues .
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government

a special way or system of controlling a country, state, etc.

Ex: The transition from a colonial government to an independent democratic republic marked a significant chapter in the nation 's history .
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democracy
democracy
[noun]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

Ex: The Enlightenment period greatly influenced modern democratic thought, advocating for individual rights and political freedom.
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dictatorship

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

Ex: Many countries fought against dictatorship in the 20th century .
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kingdom
kingdom
[noun]

a nation or state that its ruler is a king or queen

Ex: The kingdom expanded its borders through strategic alliances and conquests .
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monarchy
monarchy
[noun]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

Ex: In a constitutional monarchy, the king or queen's powers are limited by law.
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independence

the state of being free from the control of others

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .
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human right

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

Ex: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights , adopted by the United Nations in 1948 , outlines basic human rights such as the right to life , liberty , and security of person .
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nation
nation
[noun]

a country considered as a group of people that share the same history, language, etc., and are ruled by the same government

Ex: The nation's capital is home to its government and political leaders .
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to plot
to plot
[Verb]

to secretly make a plan to harm someone or do something illegal

Ex: The spies were caught plotting to steal classified information and sell it to a rival nation .
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state
state
[noun]

a country under the control of one government

Ex: The United Kingdom is a state comprising four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland , each with its own distinct identity and governance structure .
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majority
majority
[noun]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

Ex: To form a government , the party needed to gain a majority in the national assembly .
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minister
minister
[noun]

the person who is the head of a specific department within the government, responsible for managing policies, operations, and administration related to that department

Ex: The Minister of Education oversees policies related to schools, universities, and educational standards across the nation.
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secretary
secretary
[noun]

the person who is the head of a US government department

Ex: The president appointed a new Secretary of Energy to address the country's energy needs.
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spokesperson

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

Ex: The spokesperson denied any involvement of the company in the allegations .
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negotiation

formal discussion intended to reach an agreement

Ex: The team entered negotiation with a strong position and clear objectives .
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opposition

the main political party opposed to the government

Ex: The opposition accused the government of suppressing free speech and dissent .
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policy
policy
[noun]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.
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presidency

the period of time during which a president is in power

Ex: The presidency of Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War was a defining period in American history .
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to run for

to participate in an election as a candidate

Ex: She announced her intention to run for a seat in the parliament .
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seat
seat
[noun]

the position of a member in a committee, parliament, etc.

Ex: Each seat in the council represents a different district of the city .
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voting
voting
[noun]

the process or action of choosing someone during an election

Ex: The voting results were delayed due to technical issues with the counting system .
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territory
territory
[noun]

a geographic area belonging to or ruled by a government or authority

Ex: Citizens of the territory voted in a referendum to decide on their future political status .
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to negotiate

to discuss the terms of an agreement or try to reach one

Ex: The homebuyers and sellers negotiated the price and terms of the real estate transaction .
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conspiracy

a secret plan by a group to commit an unlawful, harmful, or treacherous act

Ex: The conspiracy was planned in secrecy for months .
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crackdown
crackdown
[noun]

a severe and often sudden enforcement of law or regulations, typically to suppress or control specific activities, behaviors, or groups perceived as problematic or threatening

Ex: The crackdown on organized crime gangs resulted in a series of raids and arrests across the city .
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repression

the action of controlling people by means of force or violence

Ex: The history of the nation is marked by periods of severe repression under authoritarian rule .
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prime minister

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.
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Department of Homeland Security

a US federal agency responsible for protecting the country from various threats, including terrorism, border security, immigration, and cybersecurity

Ex: The Department of Homeland Security collaborates with other federal, state, and local agencies to enhance national resilience against terrorism and other threats.
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to [lead] astray

to cause someone to make a poor decision by providing them with incorrect guidance or misleading information

Ex: The teacher's poor instruction led the students astray.
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Senate
Senate
[noun]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

Ex: The Senate Committee held hearings on the issue.
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