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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas B2 - Politics

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa politika, tulad ng "pederal", "rebolusyonaryo", "kongreso", atbp., inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas B2.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
domestic
domestic
[pang-uri]

relating to activities, issues, or affairs within a particular country

panloob, pambansa

panloob, pambansa

Ex: Domestic policy decisions affect the lives of citizens within a country. 
federal
federal
[pang-uri]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

pederal, nasyonal

pederal, nasyonal

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 
independent
independent
[pang-uri]

(of a country, state, etc.) function without being controlled or influenced by others

malaya

malaya

Ex: After years of struggle, the nation finally became independent from colonial rule. 
official
official
[pang-uri]

holding a position of authority or responsibility within an organization or government

opisyal, awtoridad

opisyal, awtoridad

Ex: The official spokesperson for the company addressed the media regarding the incident. 
presidential
presidential
[pang-uri]

associated with the role or actions of a president, such as decisions, behaviors, or policies

pangulo, kaugnay ng pagkapangulo

pangulo, kaugnay ng pagkapangulo

Ex: The presidential address outlined the government's priorities for the upcoming year. 
revolution
revolution
[Pangngalan]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

rebolusyon

rebolusyon

Ex: The revolution led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic. 
revolutionary
revolutionary
[pang-uri]

involved in or characteristic of a revolution

rebolusyonaryo

rebolusyonaryo

Ex: The revolutionary leader mobilized the masses against the oppressive regime. 
congress
congress
[Pangngalan]

a formal meeting of representatives from various regions within a country to discuss and make decisions on national issues

kongreso,  asemblea

kongreso, asemblea

Ex: The congress debated the proposed amendments to the constitution late into the night. 
conservative
conservative
[Pangngalan]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
Conservative Party
Conservative Party
[Pangngalan]

a major political party in the UK favoring traditional values, economic liberalism, and gradual change rather than radical reform

Partidong Konserbatibo

Partidong Konserbatibo

Ex: The Conservative Party believes in preserving traditional values and institutions like the monarchy. 
Republican Party
Republican Party
[Pangngalan]

the youngest political party in the US which has conservative beliefs and is against the high power of central government

Partidong Republikano, Partidong Republikano ng Estados Unidos

Partidong Republikano, Partidong Republikano ng Estados Unidos

Ex: Many members of the Republican Party oppose expansive government programs and advocate for individual liberties. 
democrat
democrat
[Pangngalan]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demokrata, tagapagtaguyod ng demokrasyang panlipunan

demokrata, tagapagtaguyod ng demokrasyang panlipunan

Ex: As a Democrat, she believes in expanding access to healthcare for all citizens through government programs. 
Democratic Party
Democratic Party
[Pangngalan]

the oldest political party in the US which believes in social equality by helping the poor in different ways, etc.

Partido Demokratiko, Partidong Demokratiko

Partido Demokratiko, Partidong Demokratiko

Ex: The Democratic Party nominated Joe Biden as its presidential candidate for the 2020 election. 
labor party
labor party
[Pangngalan]

a British political party which favors the welfare of workers and the poor

Partido ng Paggawa, Partido Laborista

Partido ng Paggawa, Partido Laborista

Ex: The Labor Party introduced policies aimed at improving healthcare and education for all. 
to back
to back
[Pandiwa]

to support someone or something

suportahan, tanggihan

suportahan, tanggihan

Ex: The team decided to back their captain's decision during the crucial match. 
to debate
to debate
[Pandiwa]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

makipagdebate, talakayin

makipagdebate, talakayin

Ex: The candidates took the stage to debate their views on important issues in front of a live audience 
to govern
to govern
[Pandiwa]

to officially have the control and authority to rule over a country and manage its affairs

pamahalaan, pamunuan

pamahalaan, pamunuan

Ex: Elected leaders govern the nation, making decisions for the welfare of its citizens. 
government
government
[Pangngalan]

a special way or system of controlling a country, state, etc.

pamahalaan

pamahalaan

Ex: In a democratic government, leaders are elected by the people through free and fair elections. 
democracy
democracy
[Pangngalan]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

demokrasya, pamahalaan ng mga tao

demokrasya, pamahalaan ng mga tao

Ex: She strongly believes in democracy and advocates for government by the people. 
dictatorship
dictatorship
[Pangngalan]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

diktadura, pamumunong diktatoryal

diktadura, pamumunong diktatoryal

Ex: Under the dictatorship, citizens had no freedom of speech or assembly. 
kingdom
kingdom
[Pangngalan]

a nation or state that its ruler is a king or queen

kaharian, monarkiya

kaharian, monarkiya

Ex: The ancient kingdom was known for its powerful armies and vast territories. 
monarchy
monarchy
[Pangngalan]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarkiya, kaharian

monarkiya, kaharian

Ex: The monarchy has existed in the country for centuries, with the king serving as the head of state. 
independence
independence
[Pangngalan]

the state of being free from the control of others

kalayaan, awtonomiya

kalayaan, awtonomiya

Ex: The country gained its independence after years of colonial rule. 
human right
human right
[Pangngalan]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

karapatang pantao

karapatang pantao

Ex: Freedom of speech and expression is a fundamental human right that allows individuals to voice their opinions without fear of censorship or retaliation. 
nation
nation
[Pangngalan]

a country considered as a group of people that share the same history, language, etc., and are ruled by the same government

bansa, nasyon

bansa, nasyon

Ex: France is a nation known for its art, cuisine, and strong sense of national identity. 
to plot
to plot
[Pandiwa]

to secretly make a plan to harm someone or do something illegal

magbalak, magpakana

magbalak, magpakana

Ex: The group of conspirators plotted to sabotage the competitor's business by spreading false rumors. 
state
state
[Pangngalan]

a country under the control of one government

estado, bansa

estado, bansa

Ex: The United States is a powerful state with significant influence in global politics and economics. 
majority
majority
[Pangngalan]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

mayorya

mayorya

Ex: The candidate won by a majority of 10,000 votes. 
minister
minister
[Pangngalan]

the person who is the head of a specific department within the government, responsible for managing policies, operations, and administration related to that department

ministro

ministro

Ex: As head of the Department of Finance, the minister oversees the country's economic policies and fiscal management. 
secretary
secretary
[Pangngalan]

the person who is the head of a US government department

kalihim, sekretarya

kalihim, sekretarya

Ex: The Secretary of State plays a crucial role in shaping U.S. foreign policy. 
spokesperson
spokesperson
[Pangngalan]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

tagapagsalita, kinatawan

tagapagsalita, kinatawan

Ex: The spokesperson for the company issued a statement addressing the recent controversy. 
negotiation
negotiation
[Pangngalan]

formal discussion intended to reach an agreement

negosasyon, pagtatalakayan

negosasyon, pagtatalakayan

Ex: The negotiation between the two countries resulted in a historic peace treaty. 
opposition
opposition
[Pangngalan]

the main political party opposed to the government

oposisyon

oposisyon

Ex: The opposition criticized the government's handling of the economic crisis. 
policy
policy
[Pangngalan]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

patakaran

patakaran

Ex: The government introduced a new fiscal policy to stimulate economic growth. 
presidency
presidency
[Pangngalan]

the period of time during which a president is in power

pagkapangulo, panunungkulan bilang pangulo

pagkapangulo, panunungkulan bilang pangulo

Ex: His presidency was marked by significant economic reforms and social policies. 
to run for
to run for
[Pandiwa]

to participate in an election as a candidate

tumakbo para sa, kumandidato sa

tumakbo para sa, kumandidato sa

Ex: She decided to run for mayor in the upcoming election. 
seat
seat
[Pangngalan]

the position of a member in a committee, parliament, etc.

upuan, puwesto

upuan, puwesto

Ex: She won a seat in parliament in the last election, representing her local constituency. 
voting
voting
[Pangngalan]

the process or action of choosing someone during an election

pagboto

pagboto

Ex: Voting is a fundamental right in a democracy, allowing citizens to choose their leaders. 
territory
territory
[Pangngalan]

a geographic area belonging to or ruled by a government or authority

teritoryo, rehiyon

teritoryo, rehiyon

Ex: The disputed territory has been a source of conflict between the two neighboring countries for decades. 
to negotiate
to negotiate
[Pandiwa]

to discuss the terms of an agreement or try to reach one

makipag-ayos, makipagkasundo

makipag-ayos, makipagkasundo

Ex: The diplomats spent days negotiating the terms of the peace treaty between the two countries. 
conspiracy
conspiracy
[Pangngalan]

a secret plan by a group to commit an unlawful, harmful, or treacherous act

sabwatan, pagsasabwatan

sabwatan, pagsasabwatan

Ex: The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government. 
crackdown
crackdown
[Pangngalan]

a severe and often sudden enforcement of law or regulations, typically to suppress or control specific activities, behaviors, or groups perceived as problematic or threatening

pagsugpo, mahigpit na hakbang

pagsugpo, mahigpit na hakbang

Ex: The government launched a crackdown on illegal immigration, leading to widespread arrests and deportations. 
repression
repression
[Pangngalan]

the action of controlling people by means of force or violence

paghahari, pang-aapi

paghahari, pang-aapi

Ex: The government's repression of the protests led to widespread condemnation from the international community. 
prime minister
prime minister
[Pangngalan]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

punong ministro, ulo ng pamahalaan

punong ministro, ulo ng pamahalaan

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 
Department of Homeland Security

a US federal agency responsible for protecting the country from various threats, including terrorism, border security, immigration, and cybersecurity

Ex: The Department of Homeland Security oversees efforts to secure borders and prevent illegal immigration into the United States. 
to [lead] astray
to lead astray
[Parirala]

to cause someone to make a poor decision by providing them with incorrect guidance or misleading information

Ex: The cult leader led his followers astray. 
Senate
Senate
[Pangngalan]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress, responsible for lawmaking, oversight, and approval of appointments

Senado, Mataas na Kapulungan

Senado, Mataas na Kapulungan

Ex: The Senate confirmed the new Supreme Court justice. 
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