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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas B2 - Politika

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa politika, tulad ng "pederal", "rebolusyonaryo", "kongreso", atbp., inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng antas B2.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
domestic
domestic
[pang-uri]

relating to activities, issues, or affairs within a particular country

panloob, pambansa

panloob, pambansa

Ex: Domestic trade refers to the buying and selling of goods and services within a nation. 
federal
federal
[pang-uri]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

pederal, nasyonal

pederal, nasyonal

Ex: Federal laws apply uniformly across the entire country. 

Ang mga batas pederal ay pantay na ipinapatupad sa buong bansa.

independent
independent
[pang-uri]

(of a country, state, etc.) function without being controlled or influenced by others

malaya

malaya

Ex: Achieving independent governance allowed the country to set its own economic policies. 
official
official
[pang-uri]

holding a position of authority or responsibility within an organization or government

opisyal, awtoridad

opisyal, awtoridad

Ex: In his role as the official judge, he impartially evaluated the contestants' performances in the competition. 
presidential
presidential
[pang-uri]

associated with the role or actions of a president, such as decisions, behaviors, or policies

pangulo, kaugnay ng pagkapangulo

pangulo, kaugnay ng pagkapangulo

Ex: The presidential address outlined the government's priorities for the upcoming year. 

Inilatag ng talumpating pangulo ang mga prayoridad ng pamahalaan para sa darating na taon.

revolution
revolution
[Pangngalan]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

rebolusyon

rebolusyon

Ex: The revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation. 
revolutionary
revolutionary
[pang-uri]

relating to, supporting, or involved in a political or social revolution

rebolusyonaryo,  mapanghimagsik

rebolusyonaryo, mapanghimagsik

Ex: The book examines revolutionary movements of the nineteenth century. 
congress
congress
[Pangngalan]

a formal meeting of representatives from various regions within a country to discuss and make decisions on national issues

kongreso,  asemblea

kongreso, asemblea

Ex: The president addressed congress during the annual State of the Nation speech. 
conservative
conservative
[Pangngalan]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

konserbatibo, tradisyonalista

Ex: The conservative candidate won the election by a narrow margin. 
Conservative Party
Conservative Party
[Pangngalan]

a major political party in the UK favoring traditional values, economic liberalism, and gradual change rather than radical reform

Partidong Konserbatibo

Partidong Konserbatibo

Ex: The Conservative Party's approach to Brexit was to prioritize national sovereignty and control over immigration policies. 

Ang diskarte ng Conservative Party sa Brexit ay ang pagbibigay-prayoridad sa pambansang soberanya at kontrol sa mga patakaran sa imigrasyon.

Republican Party
Republican Party
[Pangngalan]

the youngest political party in the US which has conservative beliefs and is against the high power of central government

Partidong Republikano, Partidong Republikano ng Estados Unidos

Partidong Republikano, Partidong Republikano ng Estados Unidos

Ex: Many members of the Republican Party oppose expansive government programs and advocate for individual liberties. 

Maraming miyembro ng Republican Party ang tumututol sa malalawak na programa ng gobyerno at nagtataguyod ng mga kalayaang pansarili.

Democrat
Democrat
[Pangngalan]

a member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States

Demokrata, tagasuporta ng Democratic Party

Demokrata, tagasuporta ng Democratic Party

Ex: She has been a Democrat for most of her adult life. 
Democratic Party
Democratic Party
[Pangngalan]

the oldest political party in the US which believes in social equality by helping the poor in different ways, etc.

Partido Demokratiko, Partidong Demokratiko

Partido Demokratiko, Partidong Demokratiko

Ex: The Democratic Party nominated Joe Biden as its presidential candidate for the 2020 election. 

Ang Partido Demokratiko ay hinirang si Joe Biden bilang kandidato nito sa pagkapangulo para sa halalan ng 2020.

labor party
labor party
[Pangngalan]

a British political party which favors the welfare of workers and the poor

Partido ng Paggawa, Partido Laborista

Partido ng Paggawa, Partido Laborista

Ex: The Labor Party introduced policies aimed at improving healthcare and education for all. 

Ang Partido ng Paggawa ay nagpakilala ng mga patakaran na naglalayong mapabuti ang pangangalagang pangkalusugan at edukasyon para sa lahat.

to back
to back
[Pandiwa]

to support someone or something

suportahan, tanggihan

suportahan, tanggihan

Ex: While they were facing difficulties, we were backing them with emotional support. 
to debate
to debate
[Pandiwa]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

makipagdebate, talakayin

makipagdebate, talakayin

Ex: Politicians debated the proposed healthcare reform bill on the floor of the parliament. 
to govern
to govern
[Pandiwa]

to officially rule and manage a country, region, or community

pamahalaan,  mamuno

pamahalaan, mamuno

Ex: The coalition governed the country for nearly a decade. 
government
government
[Pangngalan]

a special way or system of controlling a country, state, etc.

pamahalaan

pamahalaan

Ex: The transition from a colonial government to an independent democratic republic marked a significant chapter in the nation's history. 
democracy
democracy
[Pangngalan]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

demokrasya, pamahalaan ng mga tao

demokrasya, pamahalaan ng mga tao

Ex: The Enlightenment period greatly influenced modern democratic thought, advocating for individual rights and political freedom. 
dictatorship
dictatorship
[Pangngalan]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

diktadura, pamumunong diktatoryal

diktadura, pamumunong diktatoryal

Ex: Under the dictatorship, citizens had no freedom of speech or assembly. 

Sa ilalim ng diktadura, ang mga mamamayan ay walang kalayaan sa pagsasalita o pagtitipon.

kingdom
kingdom
[Pangngalan]

a nation or state that its ruler is a king or queen

kaharian, monarkiya

kaharian, monarkiya

Ex: The kingdom expanded its borders through strategic alliances and conquests. 
monarchy
monarchy
[Pangngalan]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarkiya, kaharian

monarkiya, kaharian

Ex: The monarchy has existed in the country for centuries, with the king serving as the head of state. 
independence
independence
[Pangngalan]

the state of being free from the control of others

kalayaan, awtonomiya

kalayaan, awtonomiya

Ex: Many people strive for independence in their careers, seeking self-sufficiency. 
human right
human right
[Pangngalan]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

karapatang pantao

karapatang pantao

Ex: Torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment are prohibited under international human rights law, emphasizing the right to be free from such abuse. 

Ang pagpapahirap at malupit, hindi makatao, o nakakababang pagtrato o parusa ay ipinagbabawal sa ilalim ng internasyonal na batas ng karapatang pantao, na nagbibigay-diin sa karapatang maging malaya mula sa gayong pang-aabuso.

nation
nation
[Pangngalan]

a country considered as a group of people that share the same history, language, etc., and are ruled by the same government

bansa, nasyon

bansa, nasyon

Ex: The nation's capital is home to its government and political leaders. 
to plot
to plot
[Pandiwa]

to secretly make a plan to harm someone or do something illegal

magbalak, magpakana

magbalak, magpakana

Ex: The spies were caught plotting to steal classified information and sell it to a rival nation. 
state
state
[Pangngalan]

a country under the control of one government

estado, bansa

estado, bansa

Ex: The United Kingdom is a state comprising four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, each with its own distinct identity and governance structure. 
majority
majority
[Pangngalan]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

mayorya

mayorya

Ex: To form a government, the party needed to gain a majority in the national assembly. 
minister
minister
[Pangngalan]

the person who is the head of a specific department within the government, responsible for managing policies, operations, and administration related to that department

ministro

ministro

Ex: As head of the Department of Finance, the minister oversees the country's economic policies and fiscal management. 
secretary
secretary
[Pangngalan]

the person who is the head of a US government department

kalihim, sekretarya

kalihim, sekretarya

Ex: The president appointed a new Secretary of Energy to address the country's energy needs. 
spokesperson
spokesperson
[Pangngalan]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

tagapagsalita, kinatawan

tagapagsalita, kinatawan

Ex: The spokesperson for the company issued a statement addressing the recent controversy. 

Ang tagapagsalita ng kumpanya ay naglabas ng pahayag na tumutugon sa kamakailang kontrobersya.

negotiation
negotiation
[Pangngalan]

formal discussion intended to reach an agreement

negosasyon, pagtatalakayan

negosasyon, pagtatalakayan

Ex: The team entered negotiation with a strong position and clear objectives. 
opposition
opposition
[Pangngalan]

the main political party opposed to the government

oposisyon

oposisyon

Ex: The opposition accused the government of suppressing free speech and dissent. 
policy
policy
[Pangngalan]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

patakaran

patakaran

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying. 
presidency
presidency
[Pangngalan]

the period of time during which a president is in power

pagkapangulo, panunungkulan bilang pangulo

pagkapangulo, panunungkulan bilang pangulo

Ex: His presidency was marked by significant economic reforms and social policies. 
to run for
to run for
[Pandiwa]

to participate in an election as a candidate

tumakbo para sa, kumandidato sa

tumakbo para sa, kumandidato sa

Ex: She decided to run for mayor in the upcoming election. 

Nagpasya siyang tumakbo para sa alkalde sa darating na halalan.

seat
seat
[Pangngalan]

the position of a member in a committee, parliament, etc.

upuan, puwesto

upuan, puwesto

Ex: Each seat in the council represents a different district of the city. 
voting
voting
[Pangngalan]

the activity or process of choosing someone or something by casting votes, especially in an election or meeting

pagboto

pagboto

Ex: Voting will begin at nine in the morning. 
territory
territory
[Pangngalan]

a geographic area belonging to or ruled by a government or authority

teritoryo, rehiyon

teritoryo, rehiyon

Ex: Citizens of the territory voted in a referendum to decide on their future political status. 
to negotiate
to negotiate
[Pandiwa]

to discuss the terms of an agreement or try to reach one

makipag-ayos, makipagkasundo

makipag-ayos, makipagkasundo

Ex: The diplomats spent days negotiating the terms of the peace treaty between the two countries. 
conspiracy
conspiracy
[Pangngalan]

a secret plan by a group to commit an unlawful, harmful, or treacherous act

sabwatan, pagsasabwatan

sabwatan, pagsasabwatan

Ex: The police uncovered a conspiracy to overthrow the government. 

Natuklasan ng pulisya ang isang konspirasiya upang ibagsak ang pamahalaan.

crackdown
crackdown
[Pangngalan]

a severe and often sudden enforcement of law or regulations, typically to suppress or control specific activities, behaviors, or groups perceived as problematic or threatening

pagsugpo, mahigpit na hakbang

pagsugpo, mahigpit na hakbang

Ex: The government launched a crackdown on illegal immigration, leading to widespread arrests and deportations. 

Inilunsad ng gobyerno ang isang pagpupursige laban sa ilegal na imigrasyon, na humantong sa malawakang pag-aresto at pagpapatalsik.

repression
repression
[Pangngalan]

the action of controlling people by means of force or violence

paghahari, pang-aapi

paghahari, pang-aapi

Ex: The government's repression of the protests led to widespread condemnation from the international community. 

Ang pagsupil ng pamahalaan sa mga protesta ay humantong sa malawakang pagkondena mula sa komunidad ng mundo.

prime minister
prime minister
[Pangngalan]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

punong ministro, ulo ng pamahalaan

punong ministro, ulo ng pamahalaan

Ex: The Prime Minister addressed the nation to announce new economic measures aimed at boosting employment. 

Ang Punong Ministro ay nagtalumpati sa bansa upang ipahayag ang mga bagong hakbang sa ekonomiya na naglalayong mapalakas ang trabaho.

Department of Homeland Security

a US federal agency responsible for protecting the country from various threats, including terrorism, border security, immigration, and cybersecurity

Ex: The Department of Homeland Security conducts investigations into cyber threats and works to strengthen national cybersecurity infrastructure. 
to [lead] astray
to lead astray
[Parirala]

to cause someone to make a poor decision by providing them with incorrect guidance or misleading information

Ex: The cult leader led his followers astray. 
Senate
Senate
[Pangngalan]

the upper chamber of the United States Congress

Senado,  senado

Senado, senado

Ex: The Senate considered the bill after it passed the House. 
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