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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas B2 - Politics

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa pulitika, tulad ng "pederal", "rebolusyonaryo", "kongreso", atbp. na inihanda para sa mga nag-aaral ng B2.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
domestic
[pang-uri]

relating to activities, issues, or affairs within a particular country

pambansa, lokal

pambansa, lokal

Ex: Domestic trade refers to the buying and selling of goods and services within a nation .
federal
[pang-uri]

relating to the central government of a country rather than the local or regional governments

pederal, pederasyon

pederal, pederasyon

Ex: federal budget allocates funds for national priorities , including infrastructure and social services .
independent
[pang-uri]

(of a country, state, etc.) function without being controlled or influenced by others

nakapanggilalas, nag-iisa

nakapanggilalas, nag-iisa

Ex: independent governance allowed the country to set its own economic policies .
official
[pang-uri]

holding a position of authority or responsibility within an organization or government

pampamahalaan, opisyal

pampamahalaan, opisyal

Ex: In his role as official judge , he impartially evaluated the contestants ' performances in the competition .
presidential
[pang-uri]

associated with the role or actions of a president, such as decisions, behaviors, or policies

pampanguluhan, presidensyal

pampanguluhan, presidensyal

Ex: presidential inauguration marks the beginning of a new term in office .
revolution
[Pangngalan]

the fundamental change of power, government, etc. in a country by people, particularly involving violence

rebolusyon, rebolusyun

rebolusyon, rebolusyun

Ex: revolution resulted in significant political and social reforms across the nation .
revolutionary
[pang-uri]

involved in or characteristic of a revolution

rebolusyonaryo, pangkagawian

rebolusyonaryo, pangkagawian

Ex: The underground newspaper revolutionary ideas that fueled dissent against the authoritarian regime .
congress
[Pangngalan]

a formal meeting of representatives from various regions within a country to discuss and make decisions on national issues

kongreso, manggagawa

kongreso, manggagawa

Ex: The president congress during the annual State of the Nation speech .
conservative
[Pangngalan]

a person who aligns with or supports the principles and policies traditionally associated with conservative political ideologies

konserbatibo, konserbatista

konserbatibo, konserbatista

Ex: Many conservative MPs voiced their concerns over the proposed tax reforms.
Conservative Party
[Pangngalan]

a major political party in the UK favoring traditional values, economic liberalism, and gradual change rather than radical reform

Partido Konserbatibo, Partido ng mga Konserbatibo

Partido Konserbatibo, Partido ng mga Konserbatibo

Ex: Boris Johnson is the current leader of Conservative Party in the UK .
Republican Party
[Pangngalan]

the youngest political party in the US which has conservative beliefs and is against the high power of central government

Partido Republikano, Republikanong Partido

Partido Republikano, Republikanong Partido

Ex: In Congress , Republican Party often works to block legislation that increases government spending .
democrat
[Pangngalan]

someone who supports social equality, healthcare reform, environmental protection, and a more active role for government in addressing social issues

demokratiko, demokrata

demokratiko, demokrata

Ex: In recent elections, Democrats have focused on issues like affordable education and criminal justice reform.
Democratic Party
[Pangngalan]

the oldest political party in the US which believes in social equality by helping the poor in different ways, etc.

Partido Demokratiko, Demokratikong Partido

Partido Demokratiko, Demokratikong Partido

Ex: Democratic Party leaders have proposed legislation to increase the federal minimum wage and support working families with childcare subsidies .
labor party
[Pangngalan]

a British political party which favors the welfare of workers and the poor

Partido ng Manggagawa, Partido ng mga Manggagawa

Partido ng Manggagawa, Partido ng mga Manggagawa

Ex: The Labor Party won a significant number of seats in parliament, shifting the political landscape.
to back
[Pandiwa]

to support someone or something

sustenido, suportahan

sustenido, suportahan

Ex: While they were facing difficulties , we backing them with emotional support .
to debate
[Pandiwa]

to formally discuss a matter, usually in a structured setting

magtalo, magdebate

magtalo, magdebate

Ex: debated the proposed healthcare reform bill on the floor of the parliament .
to govern
[Pandiwa]

to officially have the control and authority to rule over a country and manage its affairs

mamuno, mangulo

mamuno, mangulo

Ex: The tribal council collectively governs the community, addressing various issues.
government
[Pangngalan]

a special way or system of controlling a country, state, etc.

pamahalaan, gobyerno

pamahalaan, gobyerno

Ex: The transition from a government to an independent democratic republic marked a significant chapter in the nation 's history .
democracy
[Pangngalan]

a belief or ideology that supports governance by the people, emphasizing equal participation in the political process

demokrasya, pamamahalang nakabatay sa bayan

demokrasya, pamamahalang nakabatay sa bayan

Ex: The Enlightenment period greatly influenced modern democratic thought, advocating for individual rights and political freedom.
dictatorship
[Pangngalan]

a form of government where power is concentrated in the hands of a single individual or a small group, often with absolute authority, without the consent of the people

diktadura, pamumuno ng isang tao

diktadura, pamumuno ng isang tao

Ex: Many countries fought dictatorship in the 20th century .
kingdom
[Pangngalan]

a nation or state that its ruler is a king or queen

kaharian, bansa

kaharian, bansa

Ex: kingdom expanded its borders through strategic alliances and conquests .
monarchy
[Pangngalan]

a system of government or a country or state that is ruled by a king or queen

monarkiya, monarkiyang sistema

monarkiya, monarkiyang sistema

Ex: In a monarchy, the king or queen 's powers are limited by law .
independence
[Pangngalan]

the state of being free from the control of others

kalayaan, kasarinlan

kalayaan, kasarinlan

Ex: Many people strive independence in their careers , seeking self-sufficiency .
human right
[Pangngalan]

one of a series of rights that every human being must have

karapatang pantao, karapatan ng tao

karapatang pantao, karapatan ng tao

Ex: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights , adopted by the United Nations in 1948 , outlines human rights such as the right to life , liberty , and security of person .
nation
[Pangngalan]

a country considered as a group of people that share the same history, language, etc., and are ruled by the same government

bansa, nasyon

bansa, nasyon

Ex: nation's capital is home to its government and political leaders .
to plot
[Pandiwa]

to secretly make a plan to harm someone or do something illegal

magplano, manghuthot

magplano, manghuthot

Ex: The spies were plotting to steal classified information and sell it to a rival nation .
state
[Pangngalan]

a country under the control of one government

estado, bansa

estado, bansa

Ex: The United Kingdom is state comprising four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland , each with its own distinct identity and governance structure .
majority
[Pangngalan]

the greater number of votes by which a candidate or party wins an election

mayorya, kalakhan

mayorya, kalakhan

Ex: To form a government , the party needed to gain majority in the national assembly .
minister
[Pangngalan]

the person who is the head of a specific department within the government, responsible for managing policies, operations, and administration related to that department

kalihim, ministro

kalihim, ministro

Ex: The Minister of Education oversees policies related to schools, universities, and educational standards across the nation.
secretary
[Pangngalan]

the person who is the head of a US government department

Kalihim, Sekretaryo

Kalihim, Sekretaryo

Ex: The president appointed a new Secretary of Energy to address the country's energy needs.
spokesperson
[Pangngalan]

a person who speaks formally for an organization, government, etc.

tagapagsalita, tagapagsalita ng organisasyon

tagapagsalita, tagapagsalita ng organisasyon

Ex: spokesperson denied any involvement of the company in the allegations .
negotiation
[Pangngalan]

formal discussion intended to reach an agreement

negosasyon, pag-uusap

negosasyon, pag-uusap

Ex: The team negotiation with a strong position and clear objectives .
opposition
[Pangngalan]

the main political party opposed to the government

oposisyon, katunggali

oposisyon, katunggali

Ex: opposition accused the government of suppressing free speech and dissent .
policy
[Pangngalan]

a set of ideas or a plan of action that has been chosen officially by a group of people, an organization, a political party, etc.

patakaran, polisiyang

patakaran, polisiyang

Ex: The school district adopted a zero-tolerance policy for bullying.
presidency
[Pangngalan]

the period of time during which a president is in power

panunungkulan, pangulo

panunungkulan, pangulo

Ex: presidency of Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War was a defining period in American history .
to run for
[Pandiwa]

to participate in an election as a candidate

tumakbo para sa, magtakbuhan sa

tumakbo para sa, magtakbuhan sa

Ex: She announced her intention run for a seat in the parliament .
seat
[Pangngalan]

the position of a member in a committee, parliament, etc.

upuan, pwesto

upuan, pwesto

Ex: seat in the council represents a different district of the city .
voting
[Pangngalan]

the process or action of choosing someone during an election

Pagboto, Pagsusuri ng boto

Pagboto, Pagsusuri ng boto

Ex: voting results were delayed due to technical issues with the counting system .
territory
[Pangngalan]

a geographic area belonging to or ruled by a government or authority

teritoryo, lugar

teritoryo, lugar

Ex: Citizens of territory voted in a referendum to decide on their future political status .
to negotiate
[Pandiwa]

to discuss the terms of an agreement or try to reach one

makipag-ayos, makipag-negosasyon

makipag-ayos, makipag-negosasyon

Ex: The homebuyers and negotiated the price and terms of the real estate transaction .
conspiracy
[Pangngalan]

a plan which is a secret and made by a group of people to do something illegal or to kill someone

sangkot, sabwatang nagkasunduan

sangkot, sabwatang nagkasunduan

Ex: They were charged conspiracy to defraud investors out of millions of dollars .
crackdown
[Pangngalan]

a severe and often sudden enforcement of law or regulations, typically to suppress or control specific activities, behaviors, or groups perceived as problematic or threatening

pagsupil, pagsugpo

pagsupil, pagsugpo

Ex: crackdown on organized crime gangs resulted in a series of raids and arrests across the city .
repression
[Pangngalan]

the action of controlling people by means of force or violence

pagsugpo, pang-aapi

pagsugpo, pang-aapi

Ex: The history of the nation is marked by periods of repression under authoritarian rule .
prime minister
[Pangngalan]

the head of government in parliamentary democracies, who is responsible for leading the government and making important decisions on policies and law-making

Punong Ministro, Punong Tagapagpaganap

Punong Ministro, Punong Tagapagpaganap

Ex: The Prime Minister's term in office ended after a successful vote of no confidence in Parliament.

a US federal agency responsible for protecting the country from various threats, including terrorism, border security, immigration, and cybersecurity

Ex: Department of Homeland Security collaborates with other federal , state , and local agencies to enhance national resilience against terrorism and other threats .
to lead astray
[Parirala]

to cause someone to make a poor decision by providing them with incorrect guidance or misleading information

Ex: The teacher's poor instruction led the students astray.
senate
[Pangngalan]

a legislative or governing body, usually the smaller and more influential chamber in a bicameral system, with the authority to create, revise, or approve laws and policies

Senado, Sangguniang Pambansa

Senado, Sangguniang Pambansa

Ex: Bills must pass through the Senate before becoming law.
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