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Listahan ng mga Salita sa Antas B2 - Balarila

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa gramatika, tulad ng "plural", "preposition", "prefix", atbp., inihanda para sa mga mag-aaral ng B2.

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Simulan ang pag-aaral
CEFR B2 Vocabulary
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Pangngalan]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

pagpapaikli, daglat

pagpapaikli, daglat

Ex: The textbook provided a key for all the abbreviations used throughout the chapters. 

Ang aklat-aralin ay nagbigay ng isang susi para sa lahat ng pagdadaglat na ginamit sa buong mga kabanata.

article
article
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

pantukoy

pantukoy

Ex: The teacher explained that 'the' is a definite article used to refer to specific items. 
auxiliary verb
auxiliary verb
[Pangngalan]

a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

pandiwang pantulong

pandiwang pantulong

Ex: The teacher explained that auxiliary verbs like 'have' and 'will' help to form different tenses and aspects. 

Ipinaliwanag ng guro na ang mga pandiwang pantulong tulad ng 'have' at 'will' ay tumutulong sa pagbuo ng iba't ibang panahunan at aspeto.

conjunction
conjunction
[Pangngalan]

a word or expression that connects words, phrases, or clauses

pangatnig

pangatnig

Ex: In the sentence "Mia stayed home because she was sick," "because" is a conjunction. 
preposition
preposition
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a word that comes before a noun or pronoun to indicate location, direction, time, manner, or the relationship between two objects

pang-ukol, salitang nag-uugnay

pang-ukol, salitang nag-uugnay

Ex: He used a list of common prepositions to help correct his grammar mistakes in the essay. 

Gumamit siya ng listahan ng karaniwang mga pang-ukol upang makatulong sa pagwawasto ng kanyang mga pagkakamali sa balarila sa sanaysay.

proper noun
proper noun
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) the name of a place, person, country, etc. with its first letter capitalized

pangngalang pantangi, pantanging pangngalan

pangngalang pantangi, pantanging pangngalan

Ex: Paris is a proper noun because it names a specific city. 

Pangngalang pantangi ay isang pangngalang pantangi dahil pinangalanan nito ang isang partikular na lungsod.

pronoun
pronoun
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.

panghalip, salitang maaaring pumalit sa pangngalan o pariralang pangngalan

panghalip, salitang maaaring pumalit sa pangngalan o pariralang pangngalan

Ex: The grammar exercise focused on identifying and correctly using pronouns in various contexts. 

Ang pagsasanay sa balarila ay nakatuon sa pagkilala at tamang paggamit ng panghalip sa iba't ibang konteksto.

prefix
prefix
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

panlapi

panlapi

Ex: In the vocabulary lesson, they focused on how prefixes can alter the meanings of root words. 

Sa aralin ng bokabularyo, tumuon sila sa kung paano mababago ng mga panlapi ang mga kahulugan ng mga salitang-ugat.

suffix
suffix
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

hulapi, suffix

hulapi, suffix

Ex: Understanding how suffixes modify words is essential for expanding vocabulary and improving writing skills. 

Ang pag-unawa kung paano binabago ng mga suffix ang mga salita ay mahalaga para mapalawak ang bokabularyo at mapabuti ang mga kasanayan sa pagsusulat.

active
active
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a verb whose subject is the one that does the action

aktibo, gumaganap

aktibo, gumaganap

Ex: She explained that active voice is often preferred in writing because it makes sentences clearer and more direct. 
passive
passive
[pang-uri]

describing a grammatical form in which the subject receives or is affected by the action

pasibo,  balintiyak

pasibo, balintiyak

Ex: "Was stolen" is a passive verb form. 
comparative
comparative
[pang-uri]

relating to the form of an adjective or adverb that expresses a greater or lesser degree of a quality

komparatibo,  hambingan

komparatibo, hambingan

Ex: "Taller" is the comparative form of "tall." 
superlative
superlative
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing the highest amount or degree of an adjective or adverb

superlative, pang-uri na superlative

superlative, pang-uri na superlative

Ex: When comparing three or more items, use the superlative form to indicate the extreme end of the comparison. 

Kapag naghahambing ng tatlo o higit pang mga bagay, gamitin ang anyong superlative upang ipahiwatig ang sukdulan ng paghahambing.

plural
plural
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing words that are indicating the presence of more than one person or thing

maramihan, pangmaramihan

maramihan, pangmaramihan

Ex: In English, when you add an "s" to most nouns, it turns them into their plural form. 

Sa Ingles, kapag nagdagdag ka ng "s" sa karamihan ng mga pangngalan, ito ay nagiging kanilang anyong maramihan.

singular
singular
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing words that are indicating the presence of only one person or thing

isahan

isahan

Ex: The word "apple" is in the singular form, referring to just one piece of fruit. 

Ang salitang "mansanas" ay nasa anyong pang-isahan, tumutukoy sa isang piraso lamang ng prutas.

grammatical
grammatical
[pang-uri]

following the standard rules of the grammar properly

panggramatika, sumusunod sa pamantayang tuntunin ng gramatika

panggramatika, sumusunod sa pamantayang tuntunin ng gramatika

Ex: The teacher emphasized the importance of proper grammatical structure in writing clear and effective sentences. 

Binigyang-diin ng guro ang kahalagahan ng tamang gramatikal na istruktura sa pagsulat ng malinaw at epektibong mga pangungusap.

irregular
irregular
[pang-uri]

(of verbs, nouns, or adjectives) not following standard patterns or rules

hindi regular

hindi regular

Ex: Irregular adjectives in English, such as 'good' and 'better,' require memorization rather than following a simple rule. 

Ang mga hindi regular na pang-uri sa Ingles, tulad ng 'good' at 'better', ay nangangailangan ng pagsasaulo sa halip na sundin ang isang simpleng panuntunan.

modal
modal
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.

pandiwang pantulong, modal

pandiwang pantulong, modal

Ex: The book provides examples of how modals function in both formal and informal contexts. 

Nagbibigay ang libro ng mga halimbawa kung paano gumagana ang modal na pandiwa sa parehong pormal at impormal na mga konteksto.

conditional
conditional
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a sentence, clause, etc. that will only be true or happen if something else is true or happens

kondisyonal

kondisyonal

Ex: The exercise focused on forming correct conditional sentences in both real and hypothetical situations. 

Ang ehersisyo ay nakatuon sa pagbuo ng tamang kondisyonal na mga pangungusap sa parehong tunay at hipotetikal na mga sitwasyon.

perfect
perfect
[pang-uri]

(grammar) indicating a completed action or state

perpekto, tapos

perpekto, tapos

Ex: She struggled with using the perfect tense correctly until she practiced more. 
past participle
past participle
[Pangngalan]

a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives

pangnagdaang pandiwa, pangnagdaang pandiwa ng pandiwa

pangnagdaang pandiwa, pangnagdaang pandiwa ng pandiwa

Ex: He learned that irregular verbs often have unique past participles, such as 'swim' becoming 'swum. 

Nalaman niya na ang mga iregular na pandiwa ay madalas na may natatanging nakaraang pandiwari, tulad ng 'swim' na nagiging 'swum'.

continuous
continuous
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a verb that indicates an action in progress

patuloy

patuloy

Ex: The continuous tense helps clarify that an action is in progress, such as in 'I am reading a book. 

Ang patuloy na panahunan ay tumutulong upang linawin na ang isang aksyon ay kasalukuyang nagaganap, tulad sa 'Ako ay nagbabasa ng libro'.

progressive
progressive
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing a verb form or aspect that presents an action or situation as continuing

progresibo, nagpapatuloy

progresibo, nagpapatuloy

Ex: "She is reading" contains a progressive verb form. 
collocation
collocation
[Pangngalan]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita

kolokasyon, kombinasyon ng mga salita

Ex: In language learning, understanding collocations helps in using words in their most natural and common combinations. 

Sa pag-aaral ng wika, ang pag-unawa sa kolokasyon ay tumutulong sa paggamit ng mga salita sa kanilang pinaka-natural at karaniwang mga kombinasyon.

possessive
possessive
[pang-uri]

(grammar) describing nouns and pronouns that indicate ownership

paari

paari

Ex: Understanding possessive forms is essential for showing relationships and ownership in writing. 

Ang pag-unawa sa mga anyong pagmamay-ari ay mahalaga para ipakita ang mga relasyon at pagmamay-ari sa pagsulat.

pronunciation
pronunciation
[Pangngalan]

the way a word is pronounced

pagbigkas, pagsasalita

pagbigkas, pagsasalita

Ex: Her pronunciation of French words is flawless. 

Ang kanyang pagbigkas ng mga salitang Pranses ay walang kamali-mali.

consonant
consonant
[Pangngalan]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

katinig, tunog katinig

katinig, tunog katinig

Ex: She struggled with blending consonants at the beginning of words during her reading lessons. 

Nahirapan siya sa paghahalo ng mga katinig sa simula ng mga salita sa kanyang mga aralin sa pagbasa.

vowel
vowel
[Pangngalan]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

patinig, tunog patinig

patinig, tunog patinig

Ex: He practiced pronouncing each vowel clearly to improve his accent. 

Nagsanay siya sa pagbigkas ng bawat patinig nang malinaw upang mapabuti ang kanyang punto.

stress
stress
[Pangngalan]

(phonetics) an added force when pronouncing a syllable or word

diin, bigat

diin, bigat

Ex: In English, stress is important because it can change the meaning of a word, such as 'record' as a noun versus 'record' as a verb. 
tag question
tag question
[Pangngalan]

(grammar) a short question added to the end of a statement that is formed form the same statement

tanong na tag, kumpirmasyong tanong

tanong na tag, kumpirmasyong tanong

Ex: He used a tag question to encourage his audience to participate in the discussion. 

Ginamit niya ang isang tanong na tag upang hikayatin ang kanyang madla na makilahok sa talakayan.

punctuation
punctuation
[Pangngalan]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

bantas

bantas

Ex: She reviewed her essay carefully to ensure that all punctuation was used correctly. 

Muling sinuri niya nang maingat ang kanyang sanaysay upang matiyak na ang lahat ng bantas ay ginamit nang tama.

exclamation point
exclamation point
[Pangngalan]

the mark ! used after a sentence to indicate excitement, surprise, etc.

tandang padamdam, tandang eksklamasyon

tandang padamdam, tandang eksklamasyon

Ex: In his email, he used an exclamation point to convey urgency. 

Sa kanyang email, gumamit siya ng tandang padamdam upang iparating ang pagmamadali.

question mark
question mark
[Pangngalan]

the mark ? used at the end of a sentence to show that it is a question

tandang pananong

tandang pananong

Ex: In text messages, people often use a question mark to express curiosity or uncertainty. 

Sa mga text message, madalas gumagamit ang mga tao ng question mark para ipahayag ang pag-usisa o kawalan ng katiyakan.

comma
comma
[Pangngalan]

the mark , used to separate items in a list or indicate a pause in a sentence

koma, pananda ng bantas

koma, pananda ng bantas

Ex: Remember to place a comma after each item in a list to ensure clarity. 

Tandaan na maglagay ng koma pagkatapos ng bawat item sa isang listahan upang matiyak ang kalinawan.

to spell
to spell
[Pandiwa]

to be the letters being put together in the correct order form a particular word

baybayin, isulat nang tama

baybayin, isulat nang tama

Ex: The letters "c-a-t" spell the word "cat." 
double negative
double negative
[Pangngalan]

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

dobleng negatibo, negatibong doble

dobleng negatibo, negatibong doble

Ex: In standard grammar, a double negative can create confusion, as it often results in a positive meaning. 

Sa karaniwang balarila, ang isang dobleng negatibo ay maaaring lumikha ng pagkalito, dahil madalas itong nagreresulta sa positibong kahulugan.

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