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B2 Ordlista - Grammatik

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om grammatik, såsom "plural", "preposition", "prefix" etc., förberedda för B2-inlärare.

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CEFR B2 Vocabulary
abbreviation
abbreviation
[Substantiv]

the shortened form of a word, etc.

förkortning, abbreviatur

förkortning, abbreviatur

Ex: When writing a report, be sure to define any abbreviations the first time you use them. 

När du skriver en rapport, se till att definiera alla förkortningar första gången du använder dem.

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article
article
[Substantiv]

(grammar) any type of determiner that shows whether we are referring to a particular thing or a general example of something

artikel

artikel

Ex: The book provides exercises to help learners practice using articles correctly. 
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auxiliary verb
auxiliary verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

hjälpverb

hjälpverb

Ex: An auxiliary verb helps to form different tenses in English. 

Ett hjälpverb hjälper till att bilda olika tempus på engelska.

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conjunction
conjunction
[Substantiv]

a word or expression that connects words, phrases, or clauses

konjunktion,  bindeord

konjunktion, bindeord

Ex: Emma used the conjunction "but" to connect two contrasting ideas. 
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preposition
preposition
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a word that comes before a noun or pronoun to indicate location, direction, time, manner, or the relationship between two objects

preposition, relationsord

preposition, relationsord

Ex: "They are working on a new project."  "On" is the preposition linking the action to the object. 

De arbetar på ett nytt projekt. "På" är prepositionen som länkar handlingen till objektet.

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proper noun
proper noun
[Substantiv]

(grammar) the name of a place, person, country, etc. with its first letter capitalized

egennamn, proprium

egennamn, proprium

Ex: The teacher asked the students to identify the proper nouns in the paragraph for their grammar exercise. 

Läraren bad eleverna att identifiera egennamn i stycket för deras grammatikövning.

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pronoun
pronoun
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a word that can replace a noun or noun phrase, such as she, it, they, etc.

pronomen, ett ord som kan ersätta ett substantiv eller en nominalfras

pronomen, ett ord som kan ersätta ett substantiv eller en nominalfras

Ex: Pronouns are essential for making sentences less repetitive and more fluid. 

Pronomen är viktiga för att göra meningar mindre repetitiva och mer flytande.

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prefix
prefix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the beginning of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

prefix

prefix

Ex: The dictionary provided a list of prefixes and their meanings to help with word formation and understanding. 

Ordboken gav en lista över prefix och deras betydelser för att hjälpa till med ordbildning och förståelse.

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suffix
suffix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or a set of letters that are added to the end of a word to alter its meaning and make a new word

suffix, ändelse

suffix, ändelse

Ex: Students practiced adding different suffixes to root words to see how their meanings changed. 

Eleverna övade på att lägga till olika suffix till rotord för att se hur deras betydelser förändrades.

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active
active
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing a verb whose subject is the one that does the action

aktiv, verksam

aktiv, verksam

Ex: He practiced converting passive voice constructions into active ones to improve his writing skills. 
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passive
passive
[adjektiv]

describing a grammatical form in which the subject receives or is affected by the action

passiv,  passivt

passiv, passivt

Ex: Scientific reports often use passive verbs when the actor is unimportant. 
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comparative
comparative
[adjektiv]

relating to the form of an adjective or adverb that expresses a greater or lesser degree of a quality

komparativ,  jämförande

komparativ, jämförande

Ex: The teacher explained when to use a comparative form with "than." 
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superlative
superlative
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing the highest amount or degree of an adjective or adverb

superlativ, superlativform

superlativ, superlativform

Ex: Superlative adverbs, like 'most quickly,' help highlight the greatest extent of an action. 

Superlativa adverb, som 'snabbast', hjälper till att framhäva den högsta graden av en handling.

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plural
plural
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing words that are indicating the presence of more than one person or thing

plural, plurala

plural, plurala

Ex: In English, the plural form of "cat" is "cats." 

På engelska är pluralformen av "katt" "katter".

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singular
singular
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing words that are indicating the presence of only one person or thing

singular

singular

Ex: The student was asked to convert the plural nouns back into their singular forms. 

Eleven ombads att konvertera de plurala substantiven tillbaka till sina singular-former.

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grammatical
grammatical
[adjektiv]

following the standard rules of the grammar properly

grammatisk, enligt grammatikens standardregler

grammatisk, enligt grammatikens standardregler

Ex: She asked for feedback on her report to correct any grammatical mistakes before submitting it. 

Hon bad om feedback på sin rapport för att rätta eventuella grammatiska fel innan hon lämnade in den.

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irregular
irregular
[adjektiv]

(of verbs, nouns, or adjectives) not following standard patterns or rules

oregelbunden

oregelbunden

Ex: She struggled with irregular verb forms in French, as they often differ significantly from the regular patterns. 

Hon kämpade med de oregelbundna verbformerna i franska, eftersom de ofta skiljer sig avsevärt från de regelbundna mönstren.

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modal
modal
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.

modalt verb, hjälpverb

modalt verb, hjälpverb

Ex: Modals can sometimes be tricky because their meanings can change depending on the context. 

Hjälpverb kan ibland vara knepiga eftersom deras betydelser kan förändras beroende på sammanhanget.

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conditional
conditional
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing a sentence, clause, etc. that will only be true or happen if something else is true or happens

villkorlig

villkorlig

Ex: Understanding conditional grammar helps in crafting sentences that accurately describe dependencies and outcomes. 

Att förstå villkorsgrammatik hjälper till att formulera meningar som korrekt beskriver beroenden och resultat.

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perfect
perfect
[adjektiv]

(grammar) indicating a completed action or state

perfekt, avslutad

perfekt, avslutad

Ex: She struggled with using the perfect tense correctly. 
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past participle
past participle
[Substantiv]

a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives

perfekt particip, perfekt particip av verbet

perfekt particip, perfekt particip av verbet

Ex: Understanding past participles is crucial for constructing sentences in the past perfect tense. 

Att förstå perfektparticip är avgörande för att konstruera meningar i pluskvamperfekt.

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continuous
continuous
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing a verb that indicates an action in progress

kontinuerlig

kontinuerlig

Ex: The past continuous tense, as in "They were studying," describes an action that was ongoing in the past. 

Den kontinuerliga förflutna tiden, som i "De studerade", beskriver en handling som pågick i det förflutna.

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progressive
progressive
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing a verb form or aspect that presents an action or situation as continuing

progressiv, pågående

progressiv, pågående

Ex: In "They were waiting," the verb phrase is progressive. 
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collocation
collocation
[Substantiv]

a particular combination of words that are used together very often

kollokation, ordkombination

kollokation, ordkombination

Ex: Using incorrect collocations can make a sentence sound awkward or unnatural. 

Att använda felaktiga kollokationer kan få en mening att låta klumpig eller onaturlig.

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possessive
possessive
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing nouns and pronouns that indicate ownership

possessiv

possessiv

Ex: The possessive case in English often involves adding an apostrophe and 's' to the noun. 

Den possessiva kasusen i engelska innebär ofta att man lägger till en apostrof och ett 's' till substantivet.

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pronunciation
pronunciation
[Substantiv]

the way a word is pronounced

uttal, artikulation

uttal, artikulation

Ex: Listening to native speakers helps with pronunciation. 

Att lyssna på modersmålstalare hjälper med uttal.

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consonant
consonant
[Substantiv]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

konsonant, konsonantljud

konsonant, konsonantljud

Ex: The poem had a pleasing rhythm because of the repeated consonant sounds. 

Dikten hade en behaglig rytm på grund av de upprepade konsonant-ljuden.

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vowel
vowel
[Substantiv]

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

vokal, vokalljud

vokal, vokalljud

Ex: She had to memorize the vowel sounds for her phonics lesson. 

Hon var tvungen att memorera vokal-ljuden för sin fonetiklektion.

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stress
stress
[Substantiv]

(phonetics) an added force when pronouncing a syllable or word

betoning, accent

betoning, accent

Ex: In English, stress often falls on a particular syllable. 
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tag question
tag question
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a short question added to the end of a statement that is formed form the same statement

tilläggsfråga, bekräftelsefråga

tilläggsfråga, bekräftelsefråga

Ex: She struggled with using tag questions correctly in her speech, sometimes making her sentences confusing. 

Hon kämpade med att använda bifrågor korrekt i sitt tal, vilket ibland gjorde hennes meningar förvirrande.

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punctuation
punctuation
[Substantiv]

the use of marks such as a period, comma, etc. in writing to divide sentences and phrases to better convey meaning

interpunktion

interpunktion

Ex: He was confused by the lack of punctuation in the email, which made it hard to follow. 

Han var förvirrad av bristen på interpunktion i e-postmeddelandet, vilket gjorde det svårt att följa.

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exclamation point
exclamation point
[Substantiv]

the mark ! used after a sentence to indicate excitement, surprise, etc.

utropstecken, exklamationstecken

utropstecken, exklamationstecken

Ex: To show enthusiasm, she ended her message with an exclamation point. 

För att visa entusiasm avslutade hon sitt meddelande med ett utropstecken.

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question mark
question mark
[Substantiv]

the mark ? used at the end of a sentence to show that it is a question

frågetecken

frågetecken

Ex: The editor noticed a missing question mark in the document and made the correction. 

Redaktören märkte ett saknat frågetecken i dokumentet och gjorde korrigeringen.

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comma
comma
[Substantiv]

the mark , used to separate items in a list or indicate a pause in a sentence

kommatecken, skiljetecken

kommatecken, skiljetecken

Ex: He forgot to add a comma before 'but' in his essay, which made the sentence confusing. 

Han glömde att lägga till ett kommatecken före 'men' i sin uppsats, vilket gjorde meningen förvirrande.

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to spell
to spell
[Verb]

to be the letters being put together in the correct order form a particular word

stava, skriva korrekt

stava, skriva korrekt

Ex: These letters spell my name. 
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double negative
double negative
[Substantiv]

a grammatical construction in which two negative elements are used within the same sentence, often resulting in a positive meaning

dubbel negation, negation dubbel

dubbel negation, negation dubbel

Ex: The teacher explained that a double negative in English typically cancels out, leading to a positive statement. 

Läraren förklarade att en dubbel negation på engelska vanligtvis tar ut varandra, vilket leder till ett positivt påstående.

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