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Manger, Boire et Servir de la Nourriture - Nutrition Humaine

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la nutrition humaine tels que "protéine", "antioxydant" et "glycogène".

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Words Related to Eating, Drinking, and Serving
antioxidant

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

antioxydant

antioxydant

Ex: The walnuts were a good source of antioxidants, making them a heart-healthy snack option. 

Les noix étaient une bonne source d'antioxydants, ce qui en faisait une option de collation saine pour le cœur.

phytochemical

a natural chemical compound produced by plants, often possessing health-promoting properties

phytochimique, composé phytochimique

phytochimique, composé phytochimique

Ex: Berries and colorful fruits are recommended for their health-promoting phytochemicals. 

Les baies et les fruits colorés sont recommandés pour leurs phytochimiques favorisant la santé.

carbohydrate

a substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.

hydrate de carbone

hydrate de carbone

Ex: Athletes often consume carbohydrates before endurance events to fuel their performance. 

Les athlètes consomment souvent des glucides avant les épreuves d'endurance pour alimenter leur performance.

amino acid

(biochemistry) a small molecule that cells link together to build proteins

acide aminé

acide aminé

Ex: This supplement contains all nine essential amino acids that your body cannot produce on its own. 
protein
protein
[nom]

a substance found in food such as meat, eggs, seeds, etc. which is an essential part of the diet and keeps the body strong and healthy

protéine

protéine

Ex: Vegetarians get protein from lentils, tofu, and quinoa. 
fatty acid

a type of acid that is found in nuts, fish, some fruits, etc.

acide gras

acide gras

lipid
lipid
[nom]

(biochemistry) an oily or fatty molecule that does not dissolve in water and is a key building block of cell membranes

lipide

lipide

Ex: Butter and olive oil are rich sources of dietary lipids. 
nucleic acid

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, responsible for carrying genetic information

acide nucléique, acide nucléique

acide nucléique, acide nucléique

Ex: Nucleic acids in the cell nucleus transmit genetic information during cell division. 

Les acides nucléiques dans le noyau cellulaire transmettent des informations génétiques lors de la division cellulaire.

fat
fat
[nom]

a substance taken from animals or plants and then processed so that it can be used in cooking

gras, matière grasse

gras, matière grasse

Ex: The chef added a small amount of fat to the pan for cooking. 
fiber
fiber
[nom]

the part of plant-based food that the body cannot fully digest and that helps keep the digestive system working properly

fibre

fibre

Ex: Emma is trying to eat more fiber every day. 
mineral
mineral
[nom]

an inorganic element needed by the body for normal growth and functioning

minéral

minéral

Ex: Iron is an important mineral found in foods such as meat and beans. 
nutrition

the field of science that studies food and drink and their effects on the human body

nutrition

nutrition

Ex: Her passion for nutrition led her to pursue a career as a dietitian, helping others improve their health and well-being through proper nutrition. 

Sa passion pour la nutrition l'a conduite à poursuivre une carrière de diététicienne, aidant les autres à améliorer leur santé et leur bien-être grâce à une alimentation appropriée.

essential
essential
[Adjectif]

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

essentiel

essentiel

Ex: Sunscreen is essential for protecting your skin from harmful UV rays. 
vitamin
vitamin
[nom]

any of a group of organic substances needed in small amounts for normal growth, metabolism, and health

vitamine

vitamine

Ex: Sarah eats plenty of vegetables to get the vitamins her body needs. 
water
water
[nom]

a liquid with no smell, taste, or color, that falls from the sky as rain, and is used for washing, cooking, drinking, etc.

eau

eau

Ex: I feel thirsty and need a sip of water. 
monosaccharide

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

monosaccharide

monosaccharide

Ex: Rapid absorption of monosaccharides provides quick energy. 

L'absorption rapide des monosaccharides fournit une énergie rapide.

glucose
glucose
[nom]

(biochemistry) a simple sugar that is the main source of energy for cells in the body

glucose

glucose

Ex: The brain relies almost entirely on glucose to function properly. 
fructose

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

fructose, lévulose

fructose, lévulose

Ex: High-fructose corn syrup is a sweetener derived from fructose. 

Le sirop de maïs à haute teneur en fructose est un édulcorant dérivé du fructose.

galactose

a sugar found in milk and some plants that helps make lactose

galactose, sucre du lait

galactose, sucre du lait

Ex: In the body, galactose is involved in the metabolism of lactose from dairy. 

Dans le corps, le galactose est impliqué dans le métabolisme du lactose issu des produits laitiers.

polysaccharide

a complex carbohydrate composed of multiple sugar molecules linked together, commonly found in foods like starch and glycogen

polysaccharide, polyoside

polysaccharide, polyoside

Ex: Polysaccharides serve as a storage form of energy in the body. 

Les polysaccharides servent de forme de stockage d'énergie dans le corps.

starch
starch
[nom]

a white carbohydrate food substance that exists in flour, potatoes, rice, etc.

amidon

amidon

Ex: You can use tapioca starch as a gluten-free alternative in baking recipes. 

Vous pouvez utiliser la fécule de tapioca comme alternative sans gluten dans les recettes de pâtisserie.

triglyceride

a type of fat present in the blood and common in foods, consisting of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol molecule

triglycéride, triacylglycérol

triglycéride, triacylglycérol

Ex: Dietary habits can influence blood triglyceride levels. 

Les habitudes alimentaires peuvent influencer les niveaux de triglycérides dans le sang.

glycerol

a simple alcohol compound that is a component of triglycerides, commonly found in fats and oils

glycérol, glycérine

glycérol, glycérine

Ex: The chemist synthesized glycerol in the laboratory. 

Le chimiste a synthétisé le glycérol en laboratoire.

disaccharide

a type of sugar composed of two simple sugar molecules, commonly found in foods such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

disaccharide, sucre double

disaccharide, sucre double

Ex: A disaccharide consists of two sugar molecules linked together. 

Un disaccharide consiste en deux molécules de sucre liées ensemble.

sucrose
sucrose
[nom]

a type of sugar, commonly known as table sugar, composed of glucose and fructose molecules linked together

saccharose, sucre de table

saccharose, sucre de table

Ex: The baker measured out sucrose to add sweetness to the cake batter. 

Le boulanger a mesuré du saccharose pour ajouter de la douceur à la pâte à gâteau.

lactose
lactose
[nom]

a sugar found in milk, consisting of glucose and galactose molecules linked together

lactose, sucre de lait

lactose, sucre de lait

Ex: Some individuals may be lactose intolerant, experiencing difficulty digesting this sugar. 

Certaines personnes peuvent être intolérantes au lactose, éprouvant des difficultés à digérer ce sucre.

maltose
maltose
[nom]

a sugar formed by two glucose molecules linked together, commonly found in malted foods and used in brewing

maltose, sucre de malt

maltose, sucre de malt

Ex: The candy bar contains maltose as one of its sweetening ingredients. 

La barre chocolatée contient du maltose comme l'un de ses ingrédients édulcorants.

glycogen

a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of energy in the liver and muscles, made up of glucose molecules linked together

glycogène, glycogénie

glycogène, glycogénie

Ex: Athletes often rely on glycogen stores for sustained energy during exercise. 

Les athlètes comptent souvent sur les réserves de glycogène pour une énergie soutenue pendant l'exercice.

saturated fatty acid

a type of fat molecule that contains no double bonds between carbon atoms and is typically solid at room temperature

acide gras saturé, graisse saturée

acide gras saturé, graisse saturée

Ex: The doctor recommended reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and replacing them with healthier fats. 

Le médecin a recommandé de réduire l'apport en acides gras saturés et de les remplacer par des graisses plus saines.

unsaturated fatty acid

a type of fat that contains one or more double bonds in its chemical structure and is considered healthier for the body

acide gras insaturé, lipide insaturé

acide gras insaturé, lipide insaturé

Ex: She read that incorporating foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids can help maintain healthy skin. 

Elle a lu que l'incorporation d'aliments riches en acides gras insaturés peut aider à maintenir une peau saine.

omega-3
omega-3
[nom]

a group of fatty acids found in fish or other seafood, which is considered very good for the body

oméga-3

oméga-3

omega-6
omega-6
[nom]

a good fat found in vegetable oils and seeds that our body needs for various functions

oméga-6, acide gras oméga-6

oméga-6, acide gras oméga-6

Ex: The salad dressing is enriched with sources of omega-6 for added nutritional value. 

La vinaigrette est enrichie en sources d'oméga-6 pour une valeur nutritionnelle ajoutée.

trans fatty acid

a type of unsaturated fat that is created when oil becomes solid after being chemically processed, a process such as the making of margarine

acides gras trans

acides gras trans

Ex: He regretted consuming a large portion of fast food, realizing later that it was loaded with trans fatty acids. 

Il a regretté d'avoir consommé une grande partie de fast-food, réalisant plus tard qu'il était chargé d'acides gras trans.

polyunsaturated fatty acid

a good kind of fat in certain oils and foods, with more than one healthy link in its structure

acide gras polyinsaturé, AGPI

acide gras polyinsaturé, AGPI

Ex: The avocado is praised for its content of heart-healthy polyunsaturated fatty acids. 

L'avocat est loué pour sa teneur en acides gras polyinsaturés bons pour le cœur.

insoluble
insoluble
[Adjectif]

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

insoluble, indissoluble

insoluble, indissoluble

Ex: Despite stirring, the powder remained insoluble. 

Malgré le remuement, la poudre est restée insoluble.

soluble
soluble
[Adjectif]

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

soluble

soluble

Ex: Glycerol is miscible and soluble in many polar solvents but will not dissolve in non-polar liquids like oils. 

Le glycérol est miscible et soluble dans de nombreux solvants polaires mais ne se dissoudra pas dans les liquides non polaires comme les huiles.

cellulose

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

cellulose, fibre végétale

cellulose, fibre végétale

Ex: Cellulose provides rigidity and strength to plant cells. 

La cellulose confère rigidité et résistance aux cellules végétales.

oligosaccharide

a type of carbohydrate consisting of a small number of sugar molecules joined together

oligosaccharide

oligosaccharide

Ex: oligosaccharides are commonly present in legumes and beans. 

Les oligosaccharides sont couramment présents dans les légumineuses et les haricots.

enzyme
enzyme
[nom]

a biological molecule, usually a protein, that speeds up a specific chemical reaction without being consumed in the process

enzyme

enzyme

Ex: This enzyme converts starch into sugar. 
calcium
calcium
[nom]

a chemical element, symbol Ca, that is essential for healthy bones and teeth and occurs naturally in many foods and minerals

calcium

calcium

Ex: Milk and yogurt are good sources of calcium. 
chlorine

a chemical element that is a bluish-white gas, used for disinfecting water, maintaining pool hygiene, and as an active sanitizing agent in household cleaners

chlore, chlore gazeux

chlore, chlore gazeux

Ex: The distinct smell of swimming pools is often attributed to the presence of chlorine, which is added to maintain water hygiene. 

L'odeur distincte des piscines est souvent attribuée à la présence de chlore, qui est ajouté pour maintenir l'hygiène de l'eau.

magnesium

a chemical element that is a shiny gray solid, crucial for muscle and nerve function, found in green leafy vegetables and nuts

magnésium

magnésium

Ex: John found a shiny piece of magnesium metal in the chemistry lab. 

John a trouvé un morceau brillant de magnésium dans le laboratoire de chimie.

phosphorus

a chemical element that is a vital component of DNA and bone structure, found in dairy products, meat, and nuts, playing a key role in cellular energy transfer

phosphore, le phosphore

phosphore, le phosphore

Ex: Researchers study phosphorus in cells for health insights. 

Les chercheurs étudient le phosphore dans les cellules pour obtenir des informations sur la santé.

potassium

a chemical element that is crucial for fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions, commonly found in bananas, potatoes, and leafy greens

potassium

potassium

Ex: Potassium helps regulate blood pressure. 

Le potassium aide à réguler la pression artérielle.

sodium
sodium
[nom]

a chemical element, vital for fluid balance and nerve impulses, commonly found in table salt and processed foods

sodium, natrium

sodium, natrium

Ex: Processed foods often contain high levels of sodium for flavor enhancement. 

Les aliments transformés contiennent souvent des niveaux élevés de sodium pour rehausser la saveur.

copper
copper
[nom]

a reddish-brown metallic chemical element that conducts heat and electricity well and is widely used in electrical wiring and alloys

cuivre

cuivre

Ex: The mine produces thousands of tons of copper each year. 
iodine
iodine
[nom]

a purple-black chemical element essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for metabolism and overall growth that can be found in the seawater

iode, élément iode

iode, élément iode

Ex: Iodine plays a crucial role in maintaining proper thyroid function. 

L'iode joue un rôle crucial dans le maintien d'une fonction thyroïdienne appropriée.

iron
iron
[nom]

a natural mineral found in the earth, food, and the body that helps make healthy blood

fer, minerai de fer

fer, minerai de fer

Ex: Spinach is a good source of iron. 
manganese

a mineral essential for human nutrition, playing a role in enzyme activation and bone formation

manganèse, le manganèse

manganèse, le manganèse

Ex: A diet lacking in manganese may result in the feeling of fatigue and weakness. 

Un régime alimentaire dépourvu de manganèse peut entraîner une sensation de fatigue et de faiblesse.

molybdenum

a silvery-gray metal that helps human being with breaking down proteins, alcohol, drugs, and toxins, also used for enhancing the high-strength steels

molybdène, un métal gris argenté qui aide l'être humain à décomposer les protéines

molybdène, un métal gris argenté qui aide l'être humain à décomposer les protéines

Ex: The body's ability to utilize certain nutrients is enhanced by the trait of molybdenum's involvement in enzyme systems. 

La capacité du corps à utiliser certains nutriments est renforcée par le trait de l'implication du molybdène dans les systèmes enzymatiques.

zinc
zinc
[nom]

a bluish-white metal essential for immune function and wound healing, also widely used in covering steel and preventing it from rusting and corroding

zinc, le zinc

zinc, le zinc

Ex: Low zinc levels in the diet can result in impaired taste and smell. 

De faibles niveaux de zinc dans l'alimentation peuvent entraîner une altération du goût et de l'odorat.

vitamin D

a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system support

vitamine D, vitamine du soleil

vitamine D, vitamine du soleil

Ex: Vitamin D deficiency can lead to a feeling of weakened bones and increased fracture risk. 

Une carence en vitamine D peut entraîner une sensation d'os affaiblis et un risque accru de fracture.

vitamin C

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, known for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune function, and collagen production

vitamine C, acide ascorbique

vitamine C, acide ascorbique

Ex: Emma consumes citrus fruits to ensure her body gets enough vitamin C for immune support. 

Emma consomme des agrumes pour s'assurer que son corps reçoit suffisamment de vitamine C pour soutenir son système immunitaire.

vitamin A

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for vision, immune function, and skin health

vitamine A, rétinol

vitamine A, rétinol

Ex: The dryness and irritation in the eyes may be a sign of vitamin A deficiency affecting eye health. 

La sécheresse et l'irritation des yeux peuvent être un signe de carence en vitamine A affectant la santé oculaire.

vitamin B1

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for energy metabolism and nerve function

vitamine B1, thiamine

vitamine B1, thiamine

Ex: The scientist studied the role of vitamin B1 in promoting proper nerve impulse transmission. 

Le scientifique a étudié le rôle de la vitamine B1 dans la promotion d'une transmission correcte des impulsions nerveuses.

vitamin B2

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for overall well-being and vitality

vitamine B2, riboflavine

vitamine B2, riboflavine

Ex: A diet incorporating almonds and spinach ensures sufficient vitamin B2 for maintaining energy levels. 

Un régime incorporant des amandes et des épinards assure un apport suffisant en vitamine B2 pour maintenir les niveaux d'énergie.

vitamin B12

a water-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation

vitamine B12, cobalamine

vitamine B12, cobalamine

Ex: A plant-based diet may require supplements to achieve adequate vitamin B12 levels. 

Un régime à base de plantes peut nécessiter des suppléments pour atteindre des niveaux adéquats de vitamine B12.

vitamin E

a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect human body cells from damage

vitamine E, tocophérol

vitamine E, tocophérol

Ex: My doctor suggested more vitamin E for skin health. 

Mon médecin a suggéré plus de vitamine E pour la santé de la peau.

vitamin K

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism

vitamine K, vitamine K essentielle pour la coagulation sanguine et le métabolisme osseux

vitamine K, vitamine K essentielle pour la coagulation sanguine et le métabolisme osseux

Ex: Broccoli is rich in vitamin K, which helps with blood clotting. 

Le brocoli est riche en vitamine K, qui aide à la coagulation sanguine.

albumin
albumin
[nom]

a protein in blood plasma that helps regulate fluid balance, maintain blood pressure, and transport various substances throughout the body

albumine, protéine albumine

albumine, protéine albumine

Ex: When the body lacks albumin, it may lead to swelling. 

Lorsque le corps manque d'albumine, cela peut entraîner un gonflement.

ascorbic acid

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

acide ascorbique, vitamine C

acide ascorbique, vitamine C

Ex: Ascorbic acid is abundant in strawberries, contributing to their health benefits. 

L'acide ascorbique est abondant dans les fraises, contribuant à leurs bienfaits pour la santé.

caffeine

a substance present in coffee or tea that makes one's brain more active

caféine, caféïne

caféine, caféïne

Ex: He avoided caffeine after 3 PM to sleep better at night. 

Il a évité la caféine après 15 heures pour mieux dormir la nuit.

emulsifier

a substance that helps mix and stabilize immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to create a uniform and stable emulsion

émulsifiant

émulsifiant

Ex: The salad dressing contained an emulsifier that kept the oil and vinegar blended together, preventing separation. 

La vinaigrette contenait un émulsifiant qui maintenait l'huile et le vinaigre mélangés ensemble, empêchant la séparation.

folic acid

a vitamin that helps our bodies make DNA and divide cells, often found in supplements and enriched foods

acide folique, vitamine B9

acide folique, vitamine B9

Ex: Supplements with folic acid help support cell growth and development. 

Les suppléments avec acide folique aident à soutenir la croissance et le développement des cellules.

gluten
gluten
[nom]

a mixture of proteins found in wheat and other cereal grains, responsible for the elastic texture of dough

gluten, protéine de gluten

gluten, protéine de gluten

Ex: The baker kneaded the dough thoroughly to develop the gluten and achieve a perfect bread texture. 

Le boulanger a pétri la pâte soigneusement pour développer le gluten et obtenir une texture de pain parfaite.

niacin
niacin
[nom]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including energy metabolism and maintaining skin, digestive, and nervous system health

niacine, vitamine B3

niacine, vitamine B3

Ex: Niacin helps our bodies turn food into energy. 

La niacine aide notre corps à transformer les aliments en énergie.

sodium bicarbonate

a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) commonly known as baking soda, is used in cooking and serves as a remedy for stomach upset

bicarbonate de sodium, bicarbonate de soude

bicarbonate de sodium, bicarbonate de soude

Ex: Mixing vinegar and sodium bicarbonate creates a fizzy reaction. 

Mélanger du vinaigre et du bicarbonate de sodium crée une réaction pétillante.

tannin
tannin
[nom]

a natural compound in plants, like grapes and tea, that gives astringency to foods and drinks

tanin, substance tannique

tanin, substance tannique

Ex: When I eat certain fruits, I can feel the tannin making my mouth dry. 

Quand je mange certains fruits, je peux sentir le tanin assécher ma bouche.

vitamin B6

a nutrient that helps the brain, nerves, and immune system work properly

vitamine B6, pyridoxine

vitamine B6, pyridoxine

Ex: Foods like bananas and chickpeas are rich sources of vitamin B6. 

Les aliments comme les bananes et les pois chiches sont de riches sources de vitamine B6.

biotin
biotin
[nom]

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for healthy skin, hair, and nails

biotine

biotine

Ex: Eggs, nuts, and seeds are good dietary sources of biotin. 

Les œufs, les noix et les graines sont de bonnes sources alimentaires de biotine.

pantothenic acid

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for the synthesis of hormones and cholesterol

acide pantothénique, vitamine B5

acide pantothénique, vitamine B5

Ex: Foods like avocados, sweet potatoes, and whole grains are rich in pantothenic acid. 

Les aliments comme les avocats, les patates douces et les céréales complètes sont riches en acide pantothénique.

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