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Manger, Boire et Servir de la Nourriture - Nutrition Humaine

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la nutrition humaine tels que "protéine", "antioxydant" et "glycogène".

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Words Related to Eating, Drinking, and Serving

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

antioxydant

antioxydant

Ex: The walnuts were a good source of antioxidants, making them a heart-healthy snack option .Les noix étaient une bonne source d'**antioxydants**, ce qui en faisait une option de collation saine pour le cœur.

a natural chemical compound produced by plants, often possessing health-promoting properties

phytochimique, composé phytochimique

phytochimique, composé phytochimique

Ex: Researchers study potential health benefits of various plant-derived phytochemicals.Les chercheurs étudient les avantages potentiels pour la santé de divers **phytochimiques** dérivés des plantes.

a substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.

hydrate de carbone

hydrate de carbone

Ex: Carbohydrates are essential for brain function and overall energy levels throughout the day .Les **glucides** sont essentiels pour le fonctionnement du cerveau et les niveaux d'énergie globaux tout au long de la journée.

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

acide aminé

acide aminé

protein
[nom]

a substance found in food such as meat, eggs, seeds, etc. which is an essential part of the diet and keeps the body strong and healthy

protéine

protéine

Ex: This energy bar contains 20 grams of plant-based protein.Cette barre énergétique contient 20 grammes de **protéines** végétales.

a type of acid that is found in nuts, fish, some fruits, etc.

acide gras

acide gras

lipid
[nom]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipide

lipide

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, responsible for carrying genetic information

acide nucléique, acide nucléique

acide nucléique, acide nucléique

Ex: Genetic research relies on decoding the intricate sequences of nucleic acids.La recherche génétique repose sur le décodage des séquences complexes des **acides nucléiques**.
fat
[nom]

a substance taken from animals or plants and then processed so that it can be used in cooking

gras, matière grasse

gras, matière grasse

Ex: The fat was melted before being added to the stew .La **graisse** a été fondue avant d'être ajoutée au ragoût.
fiber
[nom]

a type of carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the body and instead helps regulate bowel movements and maintain a healthy digestive system

fibre

fibre

Ex: Some people take fiber supplements to help meet their daily needs .Certaines personnes prennent des suppléments de **fibres** pour les aider à répondre à leurs besoins quotidiens.
mineral
[nom]

a solid and natural substance that is not produced in the body of living beings but its intake is necessary to remain healthy

minéral

minéral

Ex: The doctor recommended supplements to ensure she gets enough essential minerals.Le médecin a recommandé des suppléments pour s'assurer qu'elle obtient suffisamment de **minéraux** essentiels.

the field of science that studies food and drink and their effects on the human body

nutrition

nutrition

Ex: Her passion for nutrition led her to pursue a career as a dietitian , helping others improve their health and well-being through proper nutrition.Sa passion pour la **nutrition** l'a conduite à poursuivre une carrière de diététicienne, aidant les autres à améliorer leur santé et leur bien-être grâce à une alimentation appropriée.
essential
[Adjectif]

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

essentiel

essentiel

Ex: Safety equipment is essential for workers in hazardous environments .
vitamin
[nom]

natural substances that are found in food, which the body needs in small amounts to remain healthy, such as vitamin A, B, etc.

vitamine

vitamine

water
[nom]

a liquid with no smell, taste, or color, that falls from the sky as rain, and is used for washing, cooking, drinking, etc.

eau

eau

Ex: The swimmer jumped into the pool and splashed water everywhere .Le nageur a sauté dans la piscine et a éclaboussé de l'**eau** partout.

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

monosaccharide

monosaccharide

Ex: Monosaccharide, like glucose, is a basic sugar in carbohydrates.Le **monosaccharide**, comme le glucose, est un sucre de base dans les glucides.
glucose
[nom]

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

glucose

glucose

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

fructose, lévulose

fructose, lévulose

Ex: Too much fructose in processed foods may have health effects .Trop de **fructose** dans les aliments transformés peut avoir des effets sur la santé.

a sugar found in milk and some plants that helps make lactose

galactose, sucre du lait

galactose, sucre du lait

Ex: Galactose is present in various plant-based foods, contributing to their sweetness.Le **galactose** est présent dans divers aliments d'origine végétale, contribuant à leur douceur.

a complex carbohydrate composed of multiple sugar molecules linked together, commonly found in foods like starch and glycogen

polysaccharide, polyoside

polysaccharide, polyoside

Ex: Cellulose , a plant cell wall component , is another example of a polysaccharide.La cellulose, un composant de la paroi cellulaire végétale, est un autre exemple de **polysaccharide**.
starch
[nom]

a white carbohydrate food substance that exists in flour, potatoes, rice, etc.

amidon

amidon

Ex: You can use tapioca starch as a gluten-free alternative in baking recipes .Vous pouvez utiliser la fécule de tapioca comme alternative sans gluten dans les recettes de pâtisserie.

a type of fat present in the blood and common in foods, consisting of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol molecule

triglycéride, triacylglycérol

triglycéride, triacylglycérol

Ex: High levels of triglycerides in the blood may be associated with certain health risks .Des niveaux élevés de **triglycérides** dans le sang peuvent être associés à certains risques pour la santé.

a simple alcohol compound that is a component of triglycerides, commonly found in fats and oils

glycérol, glycérine

glycérol, glycérine

Ex: The pharmacist recommended a cough syrup with glycerol.Le pharmacien a recommandé un sirop contre la toux avec **glycérol**.

a type of sugar composed of two simple sugar molecules, commonly found in foods such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

disaccharide, sucre double

disaccharide, sucre double

Ex: The food label indicates the presence of disaccharides in the sweetener .L'étiquette alimentaire indique la présence de **disaccharides** dans l'édulcorant.
sucrose
[nom]

a type of sugar, commonly known as table sugar, composed of glucose and fructose molecules linked together

saccharose, sucre de table

saccharose, sucre de table

Ex: The company decided to use sucrose instead of artificial sweeteners in their products .L'entreprise a décidé d'utiliser du **saccharose** au lieu d'édulcorants artificiels dans ses produits.
lactose
[nom]

a sugar found in milk, consisting of glucose and galactose molecules linked together

lactose, sucre de lait

lactose, sucre de lait

Ex: The baby formula is specially formulated to be low in lactose.La préparation pour nourrissons est spécialement formulée pour être faible en **lactose**.
maltose
[nom]

a sugar formed by two glucose molecules linked together, commonly found in malted foods and used in brewing

maltose, sucre de malt

maltose, sucre de malt

Ex: Maltose is formed when enzymes break down starch in the digestive system.Le **maltose** se forme lorsque les enzymes décomposent l'amidon dans le système digestif.

a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of energy in the liver and muscles, made up of glucose molecules linked together

glycogène, glycogénie

glycogène, glycogénie

Ex: Understanding glycogen metabolism is crucial for athletes and those managing their energy levels .Comprendre le métabolisme du **glycogène** est crucial pour les athlètes et ceux qui gèrent leurs niveaux d'énergie.

a type of fat molecule that contains no double bonds between carbon atoms and is typically solid at room temperature

acide gras saturé, graisse saturée

acide gras saturé, graisse saturée

Ex: The doctor recommended reducing the intake of saturated fatty acids and replacing them with healthier fats .Le médecin a recommandé de réduire l'apport en **acides gras saturés** et de les remplacer par des graisses plus saines.

a type of fat that contains one or more double bonds in its chemical structure and is considered healthier for the body

acide gras insaturé, lipide insaturé

acide gras insaturé, lipide insaturé

Ex: She read that incorporating foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids can help maintain healthy skin .Elle a lu que l'incorporation d'aliments riches en **acides gras insaturés** peut aider à maintenir une peau saine.
omega-3
[nom]

a group of fatty acids found in fish or other seafood, which is considered very good for the body

oméga-3

oméga-3

omega-6
[nom]

a good fat found in vegetable oils and seeds that our body needs for various functions

oméga-6, acide gras oméga-6

oméga-6, acide gras oméga-6

Ex: Sarah includes omega-6 fatty acids in her diet by consuming vegetable oils.Sarah inclut des acides gras **oméga-6** dans son alimentation en consommant des huiles végétales.

a type of unsaturated fat that is created when oil becomes solid after being chemically processed, a process such as the making of margarine

acides gras trans

acides gras trans

Ex: Trans fatty acids have been linked to various health issues , such as an increased risk of heart disease and inflammation .Les **acides gras trans** ont été associés à divers problèmes de santé, tels qu'un risque accru de maladie cardiaque et d'inflammation.

a good kind of fat in certain oils and foods, with more than one healthy link in its structure

acide gras polyinsaturé, AGPI

acide gras polyinsaturé, AGPI

Ex: The nutritionist recommended incorporating sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as flaxseeds .Le nutritionniste a recommandé d'incorporer des sources d'**acides gras polyinsaturés**, comme les graines de lin.
insoluble
[Adjectif]

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

insoluble, indissoluble

insoluble, indissoluble

Ex: Insoluble particles floated in the undissolved solution .Des particules **insolubles** flottaient dans la solution non dissoute.
soluble
[Adjectif]

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

soluble

soluble

Ex: Salt disassociates into ions when dissolved , making it completely soluble in aquatic solutions .Le sel se dissocie en ions lorsqu'il est dissous, ce qui le rend complètement **soluble** dans les solutions aquatiques.

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

cellulose, fibre végétale

cellulose, fibre végétale

Ex: The eco-friendly packaging material is made from recycled cellulose fibers .Le matériau d'emballage écologique est fabriqué à partir de fibres de **cellulose** recyclées.

a type of carbohydrate consisting of a small number of sugar molecules joined together

oligosaccharide

oligosaccharide

Ex: The human digestive system breaks down oligosaccharides into simpler sugars for absorption .Le système digestif humain décompose les **oligosaccharides** en sucres plus simples pour l'absorption.
enzyme
[nom]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzyme

enzyme

Ex: The detergent contains enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .Le détergent contient des **enzymes** qui décomposent les taches de protéines, comme le sang et l'herbe, sur les vêtements.
calcium
[nom]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

calcium

calcium

a chemical element that is a bluish-white gas, used for disinfecting water, maintaining pool hygiene, and as an active sanitizing agent in household cleaners

chlore, chlore gazeux

chlore, chlore gazeux

Ex: Lifeguards routinely monitor chlorine levels to maintain pool safety .Les sauveteurs surveillent régulièrement les niveaux de **chlore** pour assurer la sécurité de la piscine.

a chemical element that is a shiny gray solid, crucial for muscle and nerve function, found in green leafy vegetables and nuts

magnésium

magnésium

Ex: Magnesium is known to aid in relaxation.Le **magnésium** est connu pour aider à la relaxation.

a chemical element that is a vital component of DNA and bone structure, found in dairy products, meat, and nuts, playing a key role in cellular energy transfer

phosphore, le phosphore

phosphore, le phosphore

Ex: Jenny eats phosphorus-rich foods like nuts for bone health.Jenny mange des aliments riches en **phosphore** comme les noix pour la santé des os.

a chemical element that is crucial for fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions, commonly found in bananas, potatoes, and leafy greens

potassium

potassium

Ex: Tomatoes contain potassium, contributing to a healthy diet .Les tomates contiennent du **potassium**, contribuant à une alimentation saine.
sodium
[nom]

a chemical element, vital for fluid balance and nerve impulses, commonly found in table salt and processed foods

sodium, natrium

sodium, natrium

Ex: Some individuals may need to limit sodium intake due to health conditions .Certaines personnes peuvent avoir besoin de limiter leur apport en **sodium** en raison de problèmes de santé.
copper
[nom]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

cuivre

cuivre

Ex: In telecommunications , copper cables are still widely used for transmitting data over short distances .Dans les télécommunications, les câbles en **cuivre** sont encore largement utilisés pour transmettre des données sur de courtes distances.
iodine
[nom]

a purple-black chemical element essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for metabolism and overall growth that can be found in the seawater

iode, élément iode

iode, élément iode

Ex: Regular consumption of dairy provides the body with essential iodine.La consommation régulière de produits laitiers fournit au corps de l'**iode** essentiel.
iron
[nom]

a natural mineral found in the earth, food, and the body that helps make healthy blood

fer, minerai de fer

fer, minerai de fer

Ex: Pregnant women are often advised to take extra iron.Les femmes enceintes sont souvent conseillées de prendre un supplément de **fer**.

a mineral essential for human nutrition, playing a role in enzyme activation and bone formation

manganèse, le manganèse

manganèse, le manganèse

Ex: Manganese plays a significant role in supporting the feeling of overall well-being through its involvement in various physiological processes.Le **manganèse** joue un rôle important dans le soutien du sentiment de bien-être général grâce à son implication dans divers processus physiologiques.

a silvery-gray metal that helps human being with breaking down proteins, alcohol, drugs, and toxins, also used for enhancing the high-strength steels

molybdène, un métal gris argenté qui aide l'être humain à décomposer les protéines

molybdène, un métal gris argenté qui aide l'être humain à décomposer les protéines

Ex: Dietary supplements containing molybdenum support overall health by ensuring optimal enzyme activity .Les compléments alimentaires contenant du **molybdène** soutiennent la santé globale en assurant une activité enzymatique optimale.
zinc
[nom]

a bluish-white metal essential for immune function and wound healing, also widely used in covering steel and preventing it from rusting and corroding

zinc, le zinc

zinc, le zinc

Ex: Zinc-coated steel prevents rust, ensuring durability against outdoor weather.L'acier **zingué** empêche la rouille, assurant une durabilité contre les intempéries.

a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system support

vitamine D, vitamine du soleil

vitamine D, vitamine du soleil

Ex: A diet lacking in vitamin D may result in the trait of compromised immune system function.Un régime alimentaire dépourvu de **vitamine D** peut entraîner un affaiblissement du système immunitaire.

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, known for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune function, and collagen production

vitamine C, acide ascorbique

vitamine C, acide ascorbique

Ex: The scientist studied the characteristic antioxidant properties of vitamin C in protecting cells from damage.Le scientifique a étudié les propriétés antioxydantes caractéristiques de la **vitamine C** pour protéger les cellules contre les dommages.

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for vision, immune function, and skin health

vitamine A, rétinol

vitamine A, rétinol

Ex: The scientist studied the role of vitamin A in promoting the trait of proper cell differentiation.Le scientifique a étudié le rôle de la **vitamine A** dans la promotion du trait de différenciation cellulaire appropriée.

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for energy metabolism and nerve function

vitamine B1, thiamine

vitamine B1, thiamine

Ex: Maintaining a diet rich in whole grains ensures sufficient vitamin B1 for energy production.Maintenir un régime riche en grains entiers assure un apport suffisant en **vitamine B1** pour la production d'énergie.

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for overall well-being and vitality

vitamine B2, riboflavine

vitamine B2, riboflavine

Ex: Consuming lean meats contributes to a diet with adequate levels of vitamin B2, promoting overall well-being.Consommer des viandes maigres contribue à un régime avec des niveaux adéquats de **vitamine B2**, favorisant le bien-être général.

a water-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation

vitamine B12, cobalamine

vitamine B12, cobalamine

Ex: Vitamin B12 deficiency may manifest as tingling sensations and a trait of cognitive decline .Une carence en **vitamine B12** peut se manifester par des picotements et un déclin cognitif.

a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect human body cells from damage

vitamine E, tocophérol

vitamine E, tocophérol

Ex: Avocado is a tasty source of vitamin E.L'avocat est une source savoureuse de **vitamine E**.

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism

vitamine K, vitamine K essentielle pour la coagulation sanguine et le métabolisme osseux

vitamine K, vitamine K essentielle pour la coagulation sanguine et le métabolisme osseux

Ex: Fish, like salmon, has a small amount of vitamin K.Le poisson, comme le saumon, contient une petite quantité de **vitamine K**.
albumin
[nom]

a protein in blood plasma that helps regulate fluid balance, maintain blood pressure, and transport various substances throughout the body

albumine, protéine albumine

albumine, protéine albumine

Ex: Albumin plays a role in maintaining blood pressure.

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

acide ascorbique, vitamine C

acide ascorbique, vitamine C

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake of ascorbic acid for overall well-being .Maintenir une alimentation équilibrée assure un apport adéquat en **acide ascorbique** pour le bien-être général.

a substance present in coffee or tea that makes one's brain more active

caféine, caféïne

caféine, caféïne

a substance that helps mix and stabilize immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to create a uniform and stable emulsion

émulsifiant

émulsifiant

Ex: The salad dressing contained an emulsifier that kept the oil and vinegar blended together , preventing separation .La vinaigrette contenait un **émulsifiant** qui maintenait l'huile et le vinaigre mélangés ensemble, empêchant la séparation.

a vitamin that helps our bodies make DNA and divide cells, often found in supplements and enriched foods

acide folique, vitamine B9

acide folique, vitamine B9

Ex: To support cell growth and development , folic acid supplements can be taken .Pour soutenir la croissance et le développement des cellules, des suppléments de **acide folique** peuvent être pris.
gluten
[nom]

a mixture of proteins found in wheat and other cereal grains, responsible for the elastic texture of dough

gluten, protéine de gluten

gluten, protéine de gluten

Ex: The gluten in wheat flour provides the necessary structure for pasta , giving it its characteristic firmness when cooked .Le **gluten** dans la farine de blé fournit la structure nécessaire aux pâtes, leur donnant leur fermeté caractéristique une fois cuites.
niacin
[nom]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including energy metabolism and maintaining skin, digestive, and nervous system health

niacine, vitamine B3

niacine, vitamine B3

Ex: Whole grains , like brown rice , have niacin.Les céréales complètes, comme le riz brun, contiennent de la **niacine**.

a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) commonly known as baking soda, is used in cooking and serves as a remedy for stomach upset

bicarbonate de sodium, bicarbonate de soude

bicarbonate de sodium, bicarbonate de soude

Ex: Sodium bicarbonate can help relieve an upset stomach .Le **bicarbonate de sodium** peut aider à soulager les maux d'estomac.
tannin
[nom]

a natural compound in plants, like grapes and tea, that gives astringency to foods and drinks

tanin, substance tannique

tanin, substance tannique

Ex: The brown color you see when brewing black tea is caused by tannin.La couleur marron que vous voyez lors de l'infusion du thé noir est causée par les **tanins**.

a nutrient that helps the brain, nerves, and immune system work properly

vitamine B6, pyridoxine

vitamine B6, pyridoxine

Ex: Vitamin B6 is essential for the production of neurotransmitters in the brain.La **vitamine B6** est essentielle à la production de neurotransmetteurs dans le cerveau.
biotin
[nom]

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for healthy skin, hair, and nails

biotine

biotine

Ex: Biotin helps support the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.La **biotine** aide à soutenir le métabolisme des graisses, des glucides et des protéines.

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for the synthesis of hormones and cholesterol

acide pantothénique, vitamine B5

acide pantothénique, vitamine B5

Ex: Pantothenic acid is important for maintaining healthy skin and reducing signs of aging .L'**acide pantothénique** est important pour maintenir une peau saine et réduire les signes de vieillissement.
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