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食べる、飲む、そして料理を提供する - 人間の栄養学

ここでは、「タンパク質」、「抗酸化物質」、「グリコーゲン」など、人間の栄養に関する英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Eating, Drinking, and Serving
antioxidant
[名詞]

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

抗酸化物質, 抗酸化剤

抗酸化物質, 抗酸化剤

Ex: The walnuts were a good source antioxidants, making them a heart-healthy snack option .

a natural chemical compound produced by plants, often possessing health-promoting properties

フィトケミカル, 植物化学物質

フィトケミカル, 植物化学物質

Ex: Researchers study potential health benefits of various phytochemicals.
carbohydrate
[名詞]

a substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.

炭水化物, カーボハイドレート

炭水化物, カーボハイドレート

Ex: Carbohydrates are essential for brain function and overall energy levels throughout the day .
amino acid
[名詞]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

アミノ酸, アミノさん

アミノ酸, アミノさん

protein
[名詞]

a substance found in food such as meat, eggs, seeds, etc. which is an essential part of the diet and keeps the body strong and healthy

たんぱく質, プロテイン

たんぱく質, プロテイン

fatty acid
[名詞]

a type of acid that is found in nuts, fish, some fruits, etc.

脂肪酸 (しぼうさん), ファット酸 (ふぁっとさん)

脂肪酸 (しぼうさん), ファット酸 (ふぁっとさん)

lipid
[名詞]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

脂質(ししつ), リピッド

脂質(ししつ), リピッド

nucleic acid
[名詞]

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, responsible for carrying genetic information

核酸 (かくさん), ヌクレア酸 (ぬくれあさん)

核酸 (かくさん), ヌクレア酸 (ぬくれあさん)

Ex: Genetic research relies on decoding the intricate sequences nucleic acids.
fat
[名詞]

a substance taken from animals or plants and then processed so that it can be used in cooking

脂肪(しぼう), 脂(あぶら)

脂肪(しぼう), 脂(あぶら)

Ex: fat was melted before being added to the stew .
fiber
[名詞]

a type of carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the body and instead helps regulate bowel movements and maintain a healthy digestive system

食物繊維, ファイバー

食物繊維, ファイバー

Ex: Some people fiber supplements to help meet their daily needs .
mineral
[名詞]

a solid and natural substance that is not produced in the body of living beings but its intake is necessary to remain healthy

ミネラル, 鉱物

ミネラル, 鉱物

Ex: The doctor recommended supplements to ensure she gets enough minerals.
nutrition
[名詞]

the field of science that studies food and drink and their effects on the human body

栄養学 (えいようがく), 栄養 (えいよう)

栄養学 (えいようがく), 栄養 (えいよう)

Ex: Her passion for nutrition led her to pursue a career as a dietitian , helping others improve their health and well-being through nutrition.
essential
[形容詞]

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

必須の, 不可欠な

必須の, 不可欠な

Ex: Safety equipment essential for workers in hazardous environments .
vitamin
[名詞]

natural substances that are found in food, which the body needs in small amounts to remain healthy, such as vitamin A, B, etc.

ビタミン, 栄養素

ビタミン, 栄養素

water
[名詞]

a liquid with no smell, taste, or color, that falls from the sky as rain, and is used for washing, cooking, drinking, etc.

水(みず), ウォーター

水(みず), ウォーター

Ex: The swimmer jumped into the pool and water everywhere .

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

単糖類, 単糖

単糖類, 単糖

Ex: Cells monosaccharides as a primary energy source .
glucose
[名詞]

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

グルコース, ブドウ糖

グルコース, ブドウ糖

fructose
[名詞]

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

フルクトース, 果糖

フルクトース, 果糖

Ex: fructose in processed foods may have health effects .
galactose
[名詞]

a sugar found in milk and some plants that helps make lactose

ガラクトース, ガラクトシー

ガラクトース, ガラクトシー

a complex carbohydrate composed of multiple sugar molecules linked together, commonly found in foods like starch and glycogen

多糖類, ポリサッカライド

多糖類, ポリサッカライド

Ex: Cellulose , a plant cell wall component , is another example of polysaccharide.
starch
[名詞]

a white carbohydrate food substance that exists in flour, potatoes, rice, etc.

でんぷん, デンプン

でんぷん, デンプン

Ex: You can use starch as a gluten-free alternative in baking recipes .
triglyceride
[名詞]

a type of fat present in the blood and common in foods, consisting of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol molecule

トリグリセリド, トリグリセライド

トリグリセリド, トリグリセライド

Ex: High levels triglycerides in the blood may be associated with certain health risks .
glycerol
[名詞]

a simple alcohol compound that is a component of triglycerides, commonly found in fats and oils

グリセロール, グリセリン

グリセロール, グリセリン

Ex: The pharmacist recommended a cough syrup glycerol.
disaccharide
[名詞]

a type of sugar composed of two simple sugar molecules, commonly found in foods such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

二糖類, 二糖

二糖類, 二糖

Ex: The food label indicates the presence disaccharides in the sweetener .
sucrose
[名詞]

a type of sugar, commonly known as table sugar, composed of glucose and fructose molecules linked together

スクロース, ショ糖

スクロース, ショ糖

Ex: The company decided to sucrose instead of artificial sweeteners in their products .
lactose
[名詞]

a sugar found in milk, consisting of glucose and galactose molecules linked together

ラクトース, 乳糖

ラクトース, 乳糖

Ex: The baby formula is specially formulated to be low lactose.
maltose
[名詞]

a sugar formed by two glucose molecules linked together, commonly found in malted foods and used in brewing

マルトース, 麦芽糖

マルトース, 麦芽糖

Ex: The nutritionist advised limiting the intake maltose for better blood sugar control .
glycogen
[名詞]

a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of energy in the liver and muscles, made up of glucose molecules linked together

グリコーゲン, グリコジェン

グリコーゲン, グリコジェン

Ex: glycogen metabolism is crucial for athletes and those managing their energy levels .

a type of fat molecule that contains no double bonds between carbon atoms and is typically solid at room temperature

飽和脂肪酸 (ほうわしぼうさん), 飽和脂肪 (ほうわしぼう)

飽和脂肪酸 (ほうわしぼうさん), 飽和脂肪 (ほうわしぼう)

Ex: The doctor recommended reducing the intake saturated fatty acids and replacing them with healthier fats .

a type of fat that contains one or more double bonds in its chemical structure and is considered healthier for the body

不飽和脂肪酸, 不飽和脂肪

不飽和脂肪酸, 不飽和脂肪

Ex: She read that incorporating foods rich unsaturated fatty acids can help maintain healthy skin .
omega-3
[名詞]

a group of fatty acids found in fish or other seafood, which is considered very good for the body

オメガ-3, オメガ3脂肪酸

オメガ-3, オメガ3脂肪酸

omega-6
[名詞]

a good fat found in vegetable oils and seeds that our body needs for various functions

オメガ-6脂肪酸, オメガ-6

オメガ-6脂肪酸, オメガ-6

a type of unsaturated fat that is created when oil becomes solid after being chemically processed, a process such as the making of margarine

トランス脂肪酸, トランスファット酸

トランス脂肪酸, トランスファット酸

Ex: Trans fatty acids have been linked to various health issues , such as an increased risk of heart disease and inflammation .

a good kind of fat in certain oils and foods, with more than one healthy link in its structure

多価不飽和脂肪酸, ポリ不飽和脂肪酸

多価不飽和脂肪酸, ポリ不飽和脂肪酸

Ex: The nutritionist recommended incorporating sources polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as flaxseeds .
insoluble
[形容詞]

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

不溶性の (ふようせいの), 溶媒に溶けない (ようばいにとけない)

不溶性の (ふようせいの), 溶媒に溶けない (ようばいにとけない)

Ex: Insoluble particles floated in the undissolved solution .
soluble
[形容詞]

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

溶解性の, 可溶性の

溶解性の, 可溶性の

Ex: Salt disassociates into ions when dissolved , making it soluble in aquatic solutions .
cellulose
[名詞]

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

セロース, セルロース

セロース, セルロース

Ex: The eco-friendly packaging material is made from cellulose fibers .

a type of carbohydrate consisting of a small number of sugar molecules joined together

オリゴ糖, オリゴサッカライド

オリゴ糖, オリゴサッカライド

Ex: The human digestive system oligosaccharides into simpler sugars for absorption .
enzyme
[名詞]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

酵素 (こうそ), 酵素体 (こうそたい)

酵素 (こうそ), 酵素体 (こうそたい)

Ex: The detergent enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .
calcium
[名詞]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

カルシウム, カルシウム元素

カルシウム, カルシウム元素

chlorine
[名詞]

a chemical element that is a bluish-white gas, used for disinfecting water, maintaining pool hygiene, and as an active sanitizing agent in household cleaners

塩素(えんそ), クロリン

塩素(えんそ), クロリン

Ex: Lifeguards routinely chlorine levels to maintain pool safety .
magnesium
[名詞]

a chemical element that is a shiny gray solid, crucial for muscle and nerve function, found in green leafy vegetables and nuts

マグネシウム, マグネシウム元素

マグネシウム, マグネシウム元素

Ex: Lisa learned in science class that chlorophyll , essential for photosynthesis , magnesium.
phosphorus
[名詞]

a chemical element that is a vital component of DNA and bone structure, found in dairy products, meat, and nuts, playing a key role in cellular energy transfer

リン, リン元素

リン, リン元素

Ex: Chemistry students experimented phosphorus in class .
potassium
[名詞]

a chemical element that is crucial for fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions, commonly found in bananas, potatoes, and leafy greens

カリウム, カリウム元素

カリウム, カリウム元素

Ex: Tomatoes potassium, contributing to a healthy diet .
sodium
[名詞]

a chemical element, vital for fluid balance and nerve impulses, commonly found in table salt and processed foods

ナトリウム, ソジウム

ナトリウム, ソジウム

Ex: Some individuals may need to sodium intake due to health conditions .
copper
[名詞]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

銅(どう), カッパー

銅(どう), カッパー

Ex: In telecommunicationscopper cables are still widely used for transmitting data over short distances .
iodine
[名詞]

a purple-black chemical element essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for metabolism and overall growth that can be found in the seawater

ヨウ素, アイオダイン

ヨウ素, アイオダイン

Ex: Regular consumption of dairy provides the body with iodine.
iron
[名詞]

a metallic chemical element with a silvery-gray appearance, widely used for making tools, steel, buildings, and various industrial products

鉄 (てつ), アイアン

鉄 (てつ), アイアン

Ex: Children need iron for proper growth and development .
manganese
[名詞]

a mineral essential for human nutrition, playing a role in enzyme activation and bone formation

マンガン, マンガニーズ

マンガン, マンガニーズ

Ex: The state of manganese intake can lead to impaired bone development .
molybdenum
[名詞]

a silvery-gray metal that helps human being with breaking down proteins, alcohol, drugs, and toxins, also used for enhancing the high-strength steels

モリブデン, モリブデニウム

モリブデン, モリブデニウム

Ex: Dietary supplements molybdenum support overall health by ensuring optimal enzyme activity .
zinc
[名詞]

a bluish-white metal essential for immune function and wound healing, also widely used in covering steel and preventing it from rusting and corroding

亜鉛 (あえん), ジンク

亜鉛 (あえん), ジンク

Ex: Zinc protects steel pipes , keeping water distribution systems free from corrosion .
vitamin D
[名詞]

a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system support

ビタミンD, ビタミンディー

ビタミンD, ビタミンディー

vitamin C
[名詞]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, known for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune function, and collagen production

ビタミンC, アスコルビン酸

ビタミンC, アスコルビン酸

vitamin A
[名詞]

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for vision, immune function, and skin health

ビタミンA, ビタミンエー

ビタミンA, ビタミンエー

vitamin B1
[名詞]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for energy metabolism and nerve function

ビタミンB1, チアミン

ビタミンB1, チアミン

vitamin B2
[名詞]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for overall well-being and vitality

ビタミンB2, リボフラビン

ビタミンB2, リボフラビン

vitamin B12
[名詞]

a water-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation

ビタミンB12, コバラミン

ビタミンB12, コバラミン

Ex: Vitamin B12 deficiency may manifest as tingling sensations and a trait of cognitive decline .
vitamin E
[名詞]

a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect human body cells from damage

ビタミンE, トコフェロール

ビタミンE, トコフェロール

vitamin K
[名詞]

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism

ビタミンK, ビタミンケー

ビタミンK, ビタミンケー

Ex: Leafy greens , such as lettuce , contribute vitamin K intake .
albumin
[名詞]

a protein in blood plasma that helps regulate fluid balance, maintain blood pressure, and transport various substances throughout the body

アルブミン, アルブミンたんぱく質

アルブミン, アルブミンたんぱく質

Ex: Liver problems can affect the production albumin.

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake ascorbic acid for overall well-being .
caffeine
[名詞]

a substance present in coffee or tea that makes one's brain more active

カフェイン, カフェイニック酸

カフェイン, カフェイニック酸

emulsifier
[名詞]

a substance that helps mix and stabilize immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to create a uniform and stable emulsion

エマルジョン剤, 乳化剤

エマルジョン剤, 乳化剤

Ex: The salad dressing contained emulsifier that kept the oil and vinegar blended together , preventing separation .
folic acid
[名詞]

a vitamin that helps our bodies make DNA and divide cells, often found in supplements and enriched foods

葉酸, フォリック酸

葉酸, フォリック酸

Ex: To support cell growth and developmentfolic acid supplements can be taken .
gluten
[名詞]

a mixture of proteins found in wheat and other cereal grains, responsible for the elastic texture of dough

グルテン, グルテニン

グルテン, グルテニン

Ex: gluten in wheat flour provides the necessary structure for pasta , giving it its characteristic firmness when cooked .
niacin
[名詞]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including energy metabolism and maintaining skin, digestive, and nervous system health

ナイアシン, ニコチン酸

ナイアシン, ニコチン酸

Ex: Whole grains , like brown rice , niacin.

a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) commonly known as baking soda, is used in cooking and serves as a remedy for stomach upset

重曹 (じゅうそう), 炭酸水素ナトリウム (たんさんすいそのナトリウム)

重曹 (じゅうそう), 炭酸水素ナトリウム (たんさんすいそのナトリウム)

Ex: Sodium bicarbonate can help relieve an upset stomach .
tannin
[名詞]

a natural compound in plants, like grapes and tea, that gives astringency to foods and drinks

タンニン, 鞣酸(じゅうさん)

タンニン, 鞣酸(じゅうさん)

Ex: The brown color you see when brewing black tea is caused tannin.
vitamin B6
[名詞]

a nutrient that helps the brain, nerves, and immune system work properly

ビタミンB6, ビタミンB6栄養素

ビタミンB6, ビタミンB6栄養素

biotin
[名詞]

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for healthy skin, hair, and nails

ビオチン, ビタミンH

ビオチン, ビタミンH

Ex: Many beauty products claim to biotin to enhance skin health .

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for the synthesis of hormones and cholesterol

パントテン酸, ビタミンB5

パントテン酸, ビタミンB5

Ex: Pantothenic acid is important for maintaining healthy skin and reducing signs of aging .
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