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Jíst, Pít a Podávat Jídlo - Lidská výživa

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s lidskou výživou jako „protein“, „antioxidant“ a „glykogen“.

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Words Related to Eating, Drinking, and Serving
antioxidant
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

antioxidant, protizánětlivá látka

antioxidant, protizánětlivá látka

Ex: The walnuts were a good source antioxidants, making them a heart-healthy snack option .
phytochemical
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural chemical compound produced by plants, often possessing health-promoting properties

fytochemikálie, rostlinné chemikálie

fytochemikálie, rostlinné chemikálie

carbohydrate
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.

sacharid, karbohydrát

sacharid, karbohydrát

Ex: Carbohydrates are essential for brain function and overall energy levels throughout the day .
nucleic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, responsible for carrying genetic information

nukleová kyselina, nukleotidová kyselina

nukleová kyselina, nukleotidová kyselina

Ex: Genetic research relies on decoding the intricate sequences nucleic acids.
fat
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance taken from animals or plants and then processed so that it can be used in cooking

tuk, lůj

tuk, lůj

fiber
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the body and instead helps regulate bowel movements and maintain a healthy digestive system

vláknina, vlákno

vláknina, vlákno

Ex: Some people fiber supplements to help meet their daily needs .
mineral
[Podstatné jméno]

a solid and natural substance that is not produced in the body of living beings but its intake is necessary to remain healthy

minerál, životně důležitá látka

minerál, životně důležitá látka

nutrition
[Podstatné jméno]

the field of science that studies food and drink and their effects on the human body

výživa, stravování

výživa, stravování

Ex: Her passion for nutrition led her to pursue a career as a dietitian , helping others improve their health and well-being through nutrition.
essential
[Přídavné jméno]

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

základní, nepostradatelný

základní, nepostradatelný

Ex: Safety equipment essential for workers in hazardous environments .
water
[Podstatné jméno]

a liquid with no smell, taste, or color, that falls from the sky as rain, and is used for washing, cooking, drinking, etc.

voda, tekutina

voda, tekutina

Ex: The swimmer jumped into the pool and water everywhere .
monosaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

monosacharid, jednoduchý cukr

monosacharid, jednoduchý cukr

fructose
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

fruktóza, ovocný cukr

fruktóza, ovocný cukr

Ex: fructose in processed foods may have health effects .
galactose
[Podstatné jméno]

a sugar found in milk and some plants that helps make lactose

galaktóza, galaktoza

galaktóza, galaktoza

polysaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a complex carbohydrate composed of multiple sugar molecules linked together, commonly found in foods like starch and glycogen

polysacharid, vícitosacharid

polysacharid, vícitosacharid

starch
[Podstatné jméno]

a white carbohydrate food substance that exists in flour, potatoes, rice, etc.

škrob, oslazený škrob

škrob, oslazený škrob

Ex: You can use starch as a gluten-free alternative in baking recipes .
triglyceride
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fat present in the blood and common in foods, consisting of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol molecule

triglycerid, triglyceridy

triglycerid, triglyceridy

glycerol
[Podstatné jméno]

a simple alcohol compound that is a component of triglycerides, commonly found in fats and oils

glycerol, glycerin

glycerol, glycerin

disaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of sugar composed of two simple sugar molecules, commonly found in foods such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

disacharid, dvojcukr

disacharid, dvojcukr

Ex: The food label indicates the presence disaccharides in the sweetener .
sucrose
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of sugar, commonly known as table sugar, composed of glucose and fructose molecules linked together

sacharóza, cukr

sacharóza, cukr

Ex: The company decided to sucrose instead of artificial sweeteners in their products .
lactose
[Podstatné jméno]

a sugar found in milk, consisting of glucose and galactose molecules linked together

laktóza, mléčný cukr

laktóza, mléčný cukr

maltose
[Podstatné jméno]

a sugar formed by two glucose molecules linked together, commonly found in malted foods and used in brewing

maltóza, cukr maltóza

maltóza, cukr maltóza

glycogen
[Podstatné jméno]

a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of energy in the liver and muscles, made up of glucose molecules linked together

glykogen, glykolyt

glykogen, glykolyt

saturated fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fat molecule that contains no double bonds between carbon atoms and is typically solid at room temperature

nasycená mastná kyselina, nasycené mastné kyseliny

nasycená mastná kyselina, nasycené mastné kyseliny

unsaturated fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fat that contains one or more double bonds in its chemical structure and is considered healthier for the body

nenasycená mastná kyselina, nenasycené tuky

nenasycená mastná kyselina, nenasycené tuky

Ex: She read that incorporating foods rich unsaturated fatty acids can help maintain healthy skin .
omega-6
[Podstatné jméno]

a good fat found in vegetable oils and seeds that our body needs for various functions

omega-6, omega-6 kyselina

omega-6, omega-6 kyselina

trans fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of unsaturated fat that is created when oil becomes solid after being chemically processed, a process such as the making of margarine

trans mastná kyselina, transtuková kyselina

trans mastná kyselina, transtuková kyselina

Ex: Trans fatty acids have been linked to various health issues , such as an increased risk of heart disease and inflammation .
polyunsaturated fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a good kind of fat in certain oils and foods, with more than one healthy link in its structure

polynenasycená mastná kyselina, polynenasycená kyselina

polynenasycená mastná kyselina, polynenasycená kyselina

Ex: The nutritionist recommended incorporating sources polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as flaxseeds .
insoluble
[Přídavné jméno]

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

nesloučitelný, nezapadající

nesloučitelný, nezapadající

soluble
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

rozpustný, rozpustitelý

rozpustný, rozpustitelý

Ex: Salt disassociates into ions when dissolved , making it soluble in aquatic solutions .
cellulose
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

celulóza, celulosa

celulóza, celulosa

Ex: The eco-friendly packaging material is made from cellulose fibers .
oligosaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of carbohydrate consisting of a small number of sugar molecules joined together

oligosacharid, oligosacharidový

oligosacharid, oligosacharidový

Ex: The human digestive system oligosaccharides into simpler sugars for absorption .
enzyme
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzym, enzymová látka

enzym, enzymová látka

Ex: The detergent enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .
chlorine
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a bluish-white gas, used for disinfecting water, maintaining pool hygiene, and as an active sanitizing agent in household cleaners

chlor, chlorové áto

chlor, chlorové áto

magnesium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a shiny gray solid, crucial for muscle and nerve function, found in green leafy vegetables and nuts

hořčík, magnesium

hořčík, magnesium

Ex: Lisa learned in science class that chlorophyll , essential for photosynthesis , magnesium.
phosphorus
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a vital component of DNA and bone structure, found in dairy products, meat, and nuts, playing a key role in cellular energy transfer

fosfor, fosforový prvek

fosfor, fosforový prvek

potassium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is crucial for fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions, commonly found in bananas, potatoes, and leafy greens

draslík, kalium

draslík, kalium

sodium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element, vital for fluid balance and nerve impulses, commonly found in table salt and processed foods

sodium, natrium

sodium, natrium

Ex: Some individuals may need to sodium intake due to health conditions .
copper
[Podstatné jméno]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

měď, copper

měď, copper

Ex: In telecommunicationscopper cables are still widely used for transmitting data over short distances .
iodine
[Podstatné jméno]

a purple-black chemical element essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for metabolism and overall growth that can be found in the seawater

jód, iod

jód, iod

Ex: Regular consumption of dairy provides the body with iodine.
iron
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural mineral found in the earth, food, and the body that helps make healthy blood

manganese
[Podstatné jméno]

a mineral essential for human nutrition, playing a role in enzyme activation and bone formation

mangan, manganist

mangan, manganist

Ex: The state of manganese intake can lead to impaired bone development .
molybdenum
[Podstatné jméno]

a silvery-gray metal that helps human being with breaking down proteins, alcohol, drugs, and toxins, also used for enhancing the high-strength steels

molybden, molybdenum

molybden, molybdenum

zinc
[Podstatné jméno]

a bluish-white metal essential for immune function and wound healing, also widely used in covering steel and preventing it from rusting and corroding

zinek, zin

zinek, zin

Ex: Zinc protects steel pipes , keeping water distribution systems free from corrosion .
vitamin D
[Podstatné jméno]

a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system support

vitamin D, vitamín D

vitamin D, vitamín D

vitamin C
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, known for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune function, and collagen production

vitamin C, kyselina askorbová

vitamin C, kyselina askorbová

vitamin A
[Podstatné jméno]

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for vision, immune function, and skin health

vitamin A, vitamin A (tukově rozpustný)

vitamin A, vitamin A (tukově rozpustný)

vitamin B1
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for energy metabolism and nerve function

vitamin B1, thiamin

vitamin B1, thiamin

vitamin B2
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for overall well-being and vitality

vitamín B2, riboflavin

vitamín B2, riboflavin

vitamin B12
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation

vitamin B12, vitamín B12

vitamin B12, vitamín B12

vitamin E
[Podstatné jméno]

a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect human body cells from damage

vitamín E, vitamin E

vitamín E, vitamin E

vitamin K
[Podstatné jméno]

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism

vitamin K, vitamin K (vitamín K)

vitamin K, vitamin K (vitamín K)

Ex: Leafy greens , such as lettuce , contribute vitamin K intake .
albumin
[Podstatné jméno]

a protein in blood plasma that helps regulate fluid balance, maintain blood pressure, and transport various substances throughout the body

albumin, albuminová bílkovina

albumin, albuminová bílkovina

Ex: Liver problems can affect the production albumin.
ascorbic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

askorbová kyselina, vitamin C

askorbová kyselina, vitamin C

Ex: Maintaining a balanced diet ensures an adequate intake ascorbic acid for overall well-being .
emulsifier
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that helps mix and stabilize immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to create a uniform and stable emulsion

emulgátor, emulsifikační činidlo

emulgátor, emulsifikační činidlo

folic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a vitamin that helps our bodies make DNA and divide cells, often found in supplements and enriched foods

kyselina listová, folát

kyselina listová, folát

Ex: To support cell growth and developmentfolic acid supplements can be taken .
gluten
[Podstatné jméno]

a mixture of proteins found in wheat and other cereal grains, responsible for the elastic texture of dough

lepek, lepek pšenice

lepek, lepek pšenice

Ex: gluten in wheat flour provides the necessary structure for pasta , giving it its characteristic firmness when cooked .
niacin
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including energy metabolism and maintaining skin, digestive, and nervous system health

niacin, vitamin B3

niacin, vitamin B3

Ex: Whole grains , like brown rice , niacin.
sodium bicarbonate
[Podstatné jméno]

a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) commonly known as baking soda, is used in cooking and serves as a remedy for stomach upset

sodík hydrogenuhličitan, soda bikarbona

sodík hydrogenuhličitan, soda bikarbona

tannin
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural compound in plants, like grapes and tea, that gives astringency to foods and drinks

tannin, tanin

tannin, tanin

vitamin B6
[Podstatné jméno]

a nutrient that helps the brain, nerves, and immune system work properly

vitamin B6, pyridoxin

vitamin B6, pyridoxin

biotin
[Podstatné jméno]

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for healthy skin, hair, and nails

biotin, vitamín H

biotin, vitamín H

Ex: Many beauty products claim to biotin to enhance skin health .
pantothenic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for the synthesis of hormones and cholesterol

kyselina pantothenová, pantotenová kyselina

kyselina pantothenová, pantotenová kyselina

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