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Jíst, Pít a Podávat Jídlo - Lidská Výživa

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s lidskou výživou, jako jsou "bílkovina", "antioxidant" a "glykogen".

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Words Related to Eating, Drinking, and Serving
antioxidant
antioxidant
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance, such as vitamin E, that helps clean the body of harmful substances

antioxidant

antioxidant

Ex: The blueberries were rich in antioxidants, which helped protect the body against free radicals. 
phytochemical
phytochemical
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural chemical compound produced by plants, often possessing health-promoting properties

fytochemikálie, přírodní chemická sloučenina produkovaná rostlinami

fytochemikálie, přírodní chemická sloučenina produkovaná rostlinami

Ex: Including phytochemicals in your diet through colorful fruits and vegetables is advisable for optimal health. 
carbohydrate
carbohydrate
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that consists of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon that provide heat and energy for the body, found in foods such as bread, pasta, fruits, etc.

sacharid, uhlovodan

sacharid, uhlovodan

Ex: She enjoys a balanced diet that includes whole grains rich in carbohydrates. 
amino acid
amino acid
[Podstatné jméno]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

aminokyselina, aminová kyselina

aminokyselina, aminová kyselina

protein
protein
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance found in food such as meat, eggs, seeds, etc. which is an essential part of the diet and keeps the body strong and healthy

bílkovina

bílkovina

Ex: Chicken and fish are excellent sources of protein. 
fatty acid
fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of acid that is found in nuts, fish, some fruits, etc.

mastná kyselina, lipidová kyselina

mastná kyselina, lipidová kyselina

lipid
lipid
[Podstatné jméno]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

lipid, tuk

lipid, tuk

nucleic acid
nucleic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, responsible for carrying genetic information

nukleová kyselina, nukleová kyselina

nukleová kyselina, nukleová kyselina

Ex: Nucleic acid, like DNA, holds genetic instructions for living organisms. 
fat
fat
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance taken from animals or plants and then processed so that it can be used in cooking

tuk, sádlo

tuk, sádlo

Ex: She used animal fat to fry the potatoes. 
fiber
fiber
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the body and instead helps regulate bowel movements and maintain a healthy digestive system

vláknina, potravinová vláknina

vláknina, potravinová vláknina

Ex: Whole grains are a good source of fiber, which helps with digestion. 
mineral
mineral
[Podstatné jméno]

a solid and natural substance that is not produced in the body of living beings but its intake is necessary to remain healthy

minerál, minerální látka

minerál, minerální látka

Ex: Calcium is a mineral that strengthens bones and teeth. 
nutrition
nutrition
[Podstatné jméno]

the field of science that studies food and drink and their effects on the human body

výživa, nutriční věda

výživa, nutriční věda

Ex: Her passion for nutrition led her to pursue a career as a dietitian, helping others improve their health and well-being through proper nutrition. 
essential
essential
[Přídavné jméno]

very necessary for a particular purpose or situation

podstatný, nezbytný

podstatný, nezbytný

Ex: Adequate nutrition is essential for overall health and well-being. 
vitamin
vitamin
[Podstatné jméno]

natural substances that are found in food, which the body needs in small amounts to remain healthy, such as vitamin A, B, etc.

vitamín

vitamín

water
water
[Podstatné jméno]

a liquid with no smell, taste, or color, that falls from the sky as rain, and is used for washing, cooking, drinking, etc.

voda

voda

Ex: I accidentally spilled water on my laptop, and now it won't turn on. 
monosaccharide
monosaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a simple sugar molecule, the most basic form of carbohydrates that cannot be further hydrolyzed

monosacharid

monosacharid

Ex: The body metabolizes carbohydrates into monosaccharides for energy. 
glucose
glucose
[Podstatné jméno]

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

glukóza

glukóza

fructose
fructose
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural sugar found in fruits and honey, often used to sweeten foods and drinks

fruktóza, ovocný cukr

fruktóza, ovocný cukr

Ex: Fruits contain fructose, contributing to their natural sweetness. 
galactose
galactose
[Podstatné jméno]

a sugar found in milk and some plants that helps make lactose

galaktóza, mléčný cukr

galaktóza, mléčný cukr

Ex: Galactose is a sugar in milk and certain plants. 
polysaccharide
polysaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a complex carbohydrate composed of multiple sugar molecules linked together, commonly found in foods like starch and glycogen

polysacharid, složený sacharid

polysacharid, složený sacharid

Ex: Glycogen, found in the liver and muscles, is an animal-based polysaccharide. 
starch
starch
[Podstatné jméno]

a white carbohydrate food substance that exists in flour, potatoes, rice, etc.

škrob, sacharid

škrob, sacharid

Ex: Rice is a good source of starch and pairs well with stir-fried vegetables. 
triglyceride
triglyceride
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fat present in the blood and common in foods, consisting of three fatty acid molecules attached to a glycerol molecule

triglycerid, triacylglycerol

triglycerid, triacylglycerol

Ex: Monitoring triglyceride levels is important for maintaining heart health. 
glycerol
glycerol
[Podstatné jméno]

a simple alcohol compound that is a component of triglycerides, commonly found in fats and oils

glycerol, glycerin

glycerol, glycerin

Ex: In the body, enzymes break down triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. 
disaccharide
disaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of sugar composed of two simple sugar molecules, commonly found in foods such as sucrose, lactose, and maltose

disacharid, dvojitý cukr

disacharid, dvojitý cukr

Ex: The doctor explained the importance of understanding disaccharides for managing diabetes. 
sucrose
sucrose
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of sugar, commonly known as table sugar, composed of glucose and fructose molecules linked together

sacharóza, stolní cukr

sacharóza, stolní cukr

Ex: Sarah prefers using sucrose as a sweetener in her coffee. 
lactose
lactose
[Podstatné jméno]

a sugar found in milk, consisting of glucose and galactose molecules linked together

laktóza, mléčný cukr

laktóza, mléčný cukr

Ex: Lactose is a sugar found in milk and dairy products. 
maltose
maltose
[Podstatné jméno]

a sugar formed by two glucose molecules linked together, commonly found in malted foods and used in brewing

maltóza, sladový cukr

maltóza, sladový cukr

Ex: The brewer uses maltose during the beer fermentation process. 
glycogen
glycogen
[Podstatné jméno]

a complex carbohydrate that serves as a storage form of energy in the liver and muscles, made up of glucose molecules linked together

glykogen, glykogeneze

glykogen, glykogeneze

Ex: Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate stored in the liver and muscles. 
saturated fatty acid
saturated fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fat molecule that contains no double bonds between carbon atoms and is typically solid at room temperature

nasycená mastná kyselina, nasycený tuk

nasycená mastná kyselina, nasycený tuk

Ex: He avoided consuming saturated fatty acids in his diet to maintain a healthy lifestyle. 
unsaturated fatty acid
unsaturated fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of fat that contains one or more double bonds in its chemical structure and is considered healthier for the body

nenasycená mastná kyselina, nenasycený lipid

nenasycená mastná kyselina, nenasycený lipid

Ex: He enjoys eating avocado, which is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, as a healthy source of fat in his diet. 
omega-3
omega-3
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of fatty acids found in fish or other seafood, which is considered very good for the body

omega-3, omega-3 mastné kyseliny

omega-3, omega-3 mastné kyseliny

omega-6
omega-6
[Podstatné jméno]

a good fat found in vegetable oils and seeds that our body needs for various functions

omega-6, omega-6 mastná kyselina

omega-6, omega-6 mastná kyselina

Ex: The nut mix is a good snack choice, providing omega-6 for heart health. 
trans fatty acid
trans fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of unsaturated fat that is created when oil becomes solid after being chemically processed, a process such as the making of margarine

transmastná kyselina, trans tuky

transmastná kyselina, trans tuky

Ex: He read the food label carefully to avoid products containing trans fatty acids. 
polyunsaturated fatty acid
polyunsaturated fatty acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a good kind of fat in certain oils and foods, with more than one healthy link in its structure

polynenasycená mastná kyselina, PMK

polynenasycená mastná kyselina, PMK

Ex: Health-conscious individuals often prioritize polyunsaturated fatty acids in their diets. 
insoluble
insoluble
[Přídavné jméno]

unable to be dissolved, especially in a liquid

nerozpustný, nerozpustitelný

nerozpustný, nerozpustitelný

Ex: The sugar remained insoluble in the cold water. 
soluble
soluble
[Přídavné jméno]

(of a substance) able to break up and disperse within a fluid

rozpustný

rozpustný

Ex: Sugar is highly soluble in water, dissolving readily when added to the liquid. 
cellulose
cellulose
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance found in the cell walls of plants, providing structure and making up dietary fiber

celulóza, vláknina

celulóza, vláknina

Ex: Plants utilize cellulose as a structural component in their cell walls. 
oligosaccharide
oligosaccharide
[Podstatné jméno]

a type of carbohydrate consisting of a small number of sugar molecules joined together

oligosacharid

oligosacharid

Ex: The bakery offers a variety of bread with added oligosaccharides for digestive health. 
enzyme
enzyme
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

enzym

enzym

Ex: Enzymes play a crucial role in digestion, breaking down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body. 
calcium
calcium
[Podstatné jméno]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

vápník

vápník

chlorine
chlorine
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a bluish-white gas, used for disinfecting water, maintaining pool hygiene, and as an active sanitizing agent in household cleaners

chlor, plynný chlor

chlor, plynný chlor

Ex: Chlorine is commonly used to disinfect drinking water. 
magnesium
magnesium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a shiny gray solid, crucial for muscle and nerve function, found in green leafy vegetables and nuts

hořčík

hořčík

Ex: Dark green leafy vegetables, nuts, and whole grains are rich sources of dietary magnesium. 
phosphorus
phosphorus
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is a vital component of DNA and bone structure, found in dairy products, meat, and nuts, playing a key role in cellular energy transfer

fosfor, prvek fosfor

fosfor, prvek fosfor

Ex: Eating meat regularly ensures an intake of phosphorus, vital for tissue repair. 
potassium
potassium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element that is crucial for fluid balance, nerve signals, and muscle contractions, commonly found in bananas, potatoes, and leafy greens

draslík

draslík

Ex: Bananas are a great source of potassium. 
sodium
sodium
[Podstatné jméno]

a chemical element, vital for fluid balance and nerve impulses, commonly found in table salt and processed foods

sodík, natrium

sodík, natrium

Ex: Table salt, or sodium chloride, is a common source of sodium in the diet. 
copper
copper
[Podstatné jméno]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

měď, červený kov

měď, červený kov

Ex: Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it ideal for wiring in electrical systems. 
iodine
iodine
[Podstatné jméno]

a purple-black chemical element essential for thyroid hormone synthesis, crucial for metabolism and overall growth that can be found in the seawater

jód, prvek jód

jód, prvek jód

Ex: Table salt often contains iodine as a dietary supplement. 
iron
iron
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural mineral found in the earth, food, and the body that helps make healthy blood

železo, železná ruda

železo, železná ruda

Ex: The doctor said she needs more iron in her diet. 
manganese
manganese
[Podstatné jméno]

a mineral essential for human nutrition, playing a role in enzyme activation and bone formation

mangan, mangan (minerál)

mangan, mangan (minerál)

Ex: An important aspect of manganese's role is its contribution to the body's antioxidant defense system. 
molybdenum
molybdenum
[Podstatné jméno]

a silvery-gray metal that helps human being with breaking down proteins, alcohol, drugs, and toxins, also used for enhancing the high-strength steels

molybden, stříbrošedý kov

molybden, stříbrošedý kov

Ex: In regions with low molybdenum levels in soil, people may experience a state of deficiency impacting health. 
zinc
zinc
[Podstatné jméno]

a bluish-white metal essential for immune function and wound healing, also widely used in covering steel and preventing it from rusting and corroding

zinek, zinkový kov

zinek, zinkový kov

Ex: Efficient wound healing is linked to the presence of zinc in the body. 
vitamin D
vitamin D
[Podstatné jméno]

a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for calcium absorption, bone health, and immune system support

vitamin D, sluneční vitamin

vitamin D, sluneční vitamin

Ex: Sarah enjoys outdoor activities to ensure her body produces sufficient vitamin D for bone health. 
vitamin C
vitamin C
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, known for its antioxidant properties, supporting immune function, and collagen production

vitamin C, kyselina askorbová

vitamin C, kyselina askorbová

Ex: A diet rich in fruits and vegetables contributes to the feeling of overall well-being through adequate vitamin C intake. 
vitamin A
vitamin A
[Podstatné jméno]

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for vision, immune function, and skin health

vitamin A, retinol

vitamin A, retinol

Ex: Improved night vision is associated with maintaining sufficient levels of vitamin A. 
vitamin B1
vitamin B1
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for energy metabolism and nerve function

vitamin B1, thiamin

vitamin B1, thiamin

Ex: A diet with adequate levels of vitamin B1 contributes to overall well-being and vitality. 
vitamin B2
vitamin B2
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for human nutrition, crucial for overall well-being and vitality

vitamin B2, riboflavin

vitamin B2, riboflavin

Ex: Supporting energy metabolism is linked to the presence of vitamin B2 in the body. 
vitamin B12
vitamin B12
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin crucial for human nutrition, essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation

vitamin B12, kobalamin

vitamin B12, kobalamin

Ex: John's feeling of persistent fatigue and dizziness led him to discover he had a vitamin B12 deficiency. 
vitamin E
vitamin E
[Podstatné jméno]

a fat-soluble vitamin that helps protect human body cells from damage

vitamin E, tokoferol

vitamin E, tokoferol

Ex: I eat almonds for a dose of vitamin E. 
vitamin K
vitamin K
[Podstatné jméno]

a fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism

vitamin K, vitamin K nezbytný pro srážení krve a metabolismus kostí

vitamin K, vitamin K nezbytný pro srážení krve a metabolismus kostí

Ex: Spinach is a good source of vitamin K. 
albumin
albumin
[Podstatné jméno]

a protein in blood plasma that helps regulate fluid balance, maintain blood pressure, and transport various substances throughout the body

albumin, bílkovina albumin

albumin, bílkovina albumin

Ex: Albumin is a key protein in your blood. 
ascorbic acid
ascorbic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a vitamin that helps keep the body cells healthy and supports the immune system, commonly found in fruits like orange and vegetables like tomatoes

kyselina askorbová, vitamin C

kyselina askorbová, vitamin C

Ex: Oranges contain a high amount of ascorbic acid, which is also known as vitamin C. 
caffeine
caffeine
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance present in coffee or tea that makes one's brain more active

kofein, tein

kofein, tein

Ex: The caffeine in her morning coffee helped her focus at work. 
emulsifier
emulsifier
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that helps mix and stabilize immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, to create a uniform and stable emulsion

emulgátor

emulgátor

Ex: The hair styling cream included an emulsifier to combine the water and styling agents. 
folic acid
folic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a vitamin that helps our bodies make DNA and divide cells, often found in supplements and enriched foods

kyselina listová, vitamín B9

kyselina listová, vitamín B9

Ex: Doctors may recommend folic acid for a healthy pregnancy. 
gluten
gluten
[Podstatné jméno]

a mixture of proteins found in wheat and other cereal grains, responsible for the elastic texture of dough

lepek, lepek bílkovina

lepek, lepek bílkovina

Ex: Gluten plays a crucial role in the baking process, providing structure and elasticity to various baked goods. 
niacin
niacin
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including energy metabolism and maintaining skin, digestive, and nervous system health

niacin, vitamin B3

niacin, vitamin B3

Ex: Chicken and fish are good sources of niacin. 
sodium bicarbonate
sodium bicarbonate
[Podstatné jméno]

a white soluble compound (NaHCO3) commonly known as baking soda, is used in cooking and serves as a remedy for stomach upset

hydrogenuhličitan sodný, jedlá soda

hydrogenuhličitan sodný, jedlá soda

Ex: Sodium bicarbonate is a common ingredient in some toothpaste. 
tannin
tannin
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural compound in plants, like grapes and tea, that gives astringency to foods and drinks

tříslovina, tanin

tříslovina, tanin

Ex: Tea has tannin, which can make it taste a bit bitter. 
vitamin B6
vitamin B6
[Podstatné jméno]

a nutrient that helps the brain, nerves, and immune system work properly

vitamin B6, pyridoxin

vitamin B6, pyridoxin

Ex: Vitamin B6 helps the body convert food into energy. 
biotin
biotin
[Podstatné jméno]

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for healthy skin, hair, and nails

biotin

biotin

Ex: Biotin is often included in supplements for hair growth. 
pantothenic acid
pantothenic acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a B-vitamin that helps the body convert food into energy and is important for the synthesis of hormones and cholesterol

kyselina pantothenová, vitamín B5

kyselina pantothenová, vitamín B5

Ex: Pantothenic acid is essential for the production of coenzyme A, which helps metabolize fats and carbohydrates. 
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