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Verbes Liés aux Thèmes des Actions Humaines - Verbes liés au système juridique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques verbes anglais se référant au système juridique tels que "poursuivre en justice", "formaliser" et "témoigner".

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Categorized English Topic-Related Verbs of Human Actions
to punish
to punish
[verbe]

to make someone suffer a penalty or unpleasant consequence for wrongdoing

punir

punir

Ex: Parents should explain the rules clearly before punishing a child for breaking them. 
to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

condamner

condamner

Ex: The court will sentence the individual convicted of fraud next week. 
to allege
to allege
[verbe]

to state that something, especially something wrong or illegal, is true without providing proof

prétendre

prétendre

Ex: Prosecutors allege that Daniel altered the financial records. 
to accuse
to accuse
[verbe]

to formally say that someone has done something wrong or illegal, often involving making specific charges against them

accuser

accuser

Ex: He chose to accuse his colleague of stealing office supplies, leading to an investigation. 
to sue
to sue
[verbe]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

poursuivre (en justice), intenter un procès à

poursuivre (en justice), intenter un procès à

Ex: In a personal injury case, the victim may choose to sue the responsible party for compensation. 
to bail
to bail
[verbe]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

faire sortir de prison, payer la caution de

faire sortir de prison, payer la caution de

Ex: The family decided to bail their relative by posting the necessary bail bond. 
to entitle
to entitle
[verbe]

to give someone the right or qualification to have, receive, or do something

donner à [qqn] le droit à [qch], autoriser [qqn] à

donner à [qqn] le droit à [qch], autoriser [qqn] à

Ex: Employees are entitled to four weeks of paid vacation each year. 
to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

intenter une action

intenter une action

Ex: She was asked to prosecute the case, bringing the defendant to trial for fraud. 

On lui a demandé de poursuivre l'affaire, amenant le défendeur à être jugé pour fraude.

to enact
to enact
[verbe]

to approve a proposed law

décréter

décréter

Ex: After much debate, the government decided to enact a law addressing cybercrime. 

Après de nombreux débats, le gouvernement a décidé de promulguer une loi pour lutter contre la cybercriminalité.

to repeal
to repeal
[verbe]

to officially cancel a law, regulation, or policy, making it no longer valid or in effect

abroger, révoquer

abroger, révoquer

Ex: Lawmakers are considering whether to repeal the controversial immigration policy. 

Les législateurs envisagent de abroger la politique d'immigration controversée.

to impeach
to impeach
[verbe]

to formally charge or accuse someone of a crime or misdemeanor

mettre en accusation, accuser

mettre en accusation, accuser

Ex: They attempted to impeach the suspect based on the new witness testimony. 

Ils ont tenté de mettre en accusation le suspect sur la base du nouveau témoignage.

to charge
to charge
[verbe]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

inculper

inculper

Ex: Law enforcement officers may charge individuals with trespassing if they enter restricted areas. 
to indict
to indict
[verbe]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

inculper

inculper

Ex: The decision to indict the defendant was met with mixed reactions from the public. 

La décision d'inculper l'accusé a suscité des réactions mitigées de la part du public.

to imprison

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

emprisonner, mettre en prison

emprisonner, mettre en prison

Ex: Law enforcement authorities may imprison individuals found guilty of serious crimes. 

Les autorités chargées de l'application de la loi peuvent emprisonner les individus reconnus coupables de crimes graves.

to jail
to jail
[verbe]

to put someone in jail as punishment or while they are awaiting legal proceedings

emprisonner,  incarcérer

emprisonner, incarcérer

Ex: Several protesters were arrested and jailed overnight. 
to intern
to intern
[verbe]

to restrict someone's freedom by confining them, often done for security, control, or public safety reasons

interner, confiner

interner, confiner

Ex: The government may choose to intern individuals who pose a threat to national security. 

Le gouvernement peut choisir d'interner les individus qui constituent une menace pour la sécurité nationale.

to incarcerate

to confine someone in prison or a similar facility due to legal reasons or as a form of punishment

incarcérer

incarcérer

Ex: Individuals convicted of serious crimes may be incarcerated for a specified term. 

Les individus condamnés pour des crimes graves peuvent être incarcérés pour une durée déterminée.

to acquit
to acquit
[verbe]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

acquitter

acquitter

Ex: The jury unanimously decided to acquit the defendant due to lack of evidence. 

Le jury a décidé à l'unanimité d'acquitter l'accusé en raison d'un manque de preuves.

to litigate

to initiate legal action against another party or person

intenter une action en justice, poursuivre en justice

intenter une action en justice, poursuivre en justice

Ex: He chose to litigate rather than settle the matter out of court. 

Il a choisi de intenter un procès plutôt que de régler le problème à l'amiable.

to adjudicate

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

arbitrer, juger, être juge

arbitrer, juger, être juge

Ex: Arbitrators were appointed to adjudicate the labor dispute between the workers and the company. 

Des arbitres ont été nommés pour trancher le conflit du travail entre les travailleurs et l'entreprise.

to formalize

to make something legally valid

officialiser, formaliser

officialiser, formaliser

Ex: The organization formalized its nonprofit status by registering with the government. 

L'organisation a officialisé son statut à but non lucratif en s'inscrivant auprès du gouvernement.

to recuse
to recuse
[verbe]

to formally object or challenge a judge's participation in a case, often due to concerns about their impartiality or potential conflicts of interest

récuser, se récuser

récuser, se récuser

Ex: Last year, the defense successfully recused the judge due to concerns about bias. 

L'année dernière, la défense a réussi à récuser le juge en raison de préoccupations concernant son impartialité.

to penalize

to impose a punishment on someone for a wrongdoing or violation

sanctionner, pénaliser

sanctionner, pénaliser

Ex: Governments often penalize individuals who violate traffic laws with fines or other consequences. 

Les gouvernements pénalisent souvent les individus qui enfreignent les lois de la circulation avec des amendes ou d'autres conséquences.

to subpoena

to officially summon someone to attend a court proceeding, produce evidence, or provide testimony under penalty of law

assigner, citer à comparaître

assigner, citer à comparaître

Ex: Attorneys can subpoena documents relevant to a legal case from involved parties. 

Les avocats peuvent assigner des documents pertinents pour une affaire juridique auprès des parties impliquées.

to legalize

to permit something by law, granting people the right or freedom to do it

légaliser

légaliser

Ex: During the 1990s, several countries were in the process of legalizing gambling to boost tourism. 

Dans les années 1990, plusieurs pays étaient en train de légaliser les jeux d'argent pour stimuler le tourisme.

to legislate

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

légiférer sur

légiférer sur

Ex: In 2005, the government legislated the ban on smoking in public places. 

En 2005, le gouvernement a légiféré l'interdiction de fumer dans les lieux publics.

to forfeit
to forfeit
[verbe]

to no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong

perdre

perdre

Ex: The athlete may forfeit their medal for doping during the competition. 

L'athlète peut perdre sa médaille pour dopage pendant la compétition.

to testify
to testify
[verbe]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

témoigner

témoigner

Ex: The victim will testify against the accused in the upcoming trial. 

La victime témoignera contre l'accusé lors du prochain procès.

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