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Topic-Related Verbs of Human Actions - Verbs Related to the Legal System

Here you will learn some English verbs referring to the legal system such as "sue", "formalize", and "testify".

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Categorized English Topic-Related Verbs of Human Actions
to punish
to punish
[Verb]

to cause someone suffering for breaking the law or having done something they should not have

Ex: The court decided to punish the thief with a prison sentence for stealing. 
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to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 
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to allege
to allege
[Verb]

to say something is the case without providing proof for it

Ex: Parents of the student allege that the school did not take the bullying complaints seriously. 
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to accuse
to accuse
[Verb]

to formally say that someone has done something wrong or illegal, often involving making specific charges against them

Ex: The prosecutor will accuse the defendant of embezzlement during the trial. 
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to sue
to sue
[Verb]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

Ex: The dissatisfied customer decided to sue the company for breach of contract. 
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to bail
to bail
[Verb]

to release someone until their trial after they gave an amount of money to the court

Ex: After being arrested, the accused had the option to bail themselves by paying the required bail. 
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to entitle

to give someone the legal right to have or do something particular

Ex: The successful completion of the training program will entitle employees to receive a certification. 
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to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
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to enact
to enact
[Verb]

to approve a proposed law

Ex: The legislature voted to enact new regulations governing environmental protection. 
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to repeal
to repeal
[Verb]

to officially cancel a law, regulation, or policy, making it no longer valid or in effect

Ex: The government decided to repeal the outdated tax law to streamline the tax code. 
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to impeach

to formally charge or accuse someone of a crime or misdemeanor

Ex: The police decided to impeach him after they found evidence linking him to the robbery. 
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to charge
to charge
[Verb]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

Ex: The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with theft based on the evidence. 
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to indict
to indict
[Verb]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

Ex: The grand jury decided to indict the suspect on charges of robbery and assault. 
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to imprison

to put someone in prison or keep them somewhere and not let them go

Ex: The court decided to imprison the convicted felon for a term of ten years. 
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to jail
to jail
[Verb]

to put someone in a designated facility either as punishment or while waiting for legal proceedings

Ex: The court decided to jail the convicted robber for a term of five years. 
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to intern
to intern
[Verb]

to restrict someone's freedom by confining them, often done for security, control, or public safety reasons

Ex: During wartime, certain individuals were interned in camps for security reasons. 
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to incarcerate

to confine someone in prison or a similar facility due to legal reasons or as a form of punishment

Ex: After the trial, he was promptly incarcerated in a high-security prison. 
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to acquit
to acquit
[Verb]

to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime

Ex: The company was accused of wrongdoing, but after a thorough investigation, they were acquitted of any illegal activities. 
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to litigate

to initiate legal action against another party or person

Ex: The company decided to litigate after the breach of contract. 
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to adjudicate

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

Ex: The judge will adjudicate the case and determine the appropriate legal resolution. 
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to formalize

to make something legally valid

Ex: The business partners decided to formalize their agreement by signing a legally binding contract. 
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to recuse
to recuse
[Verb]

to formally object or challenge a judge's participation in a case, often due to concerns about their impartiality or potential conflicts of interest

Ex: The defense attorney may recuse the judge if they believe there is a bias that could affect the trial. 
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to penalize

to impose a punishment on someone for a wrongdoing or violation

Ex: The school may penalize students for plagiarism by giving them a lower grade. 
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to subpoena

to officially summon someone to attend a court proceeding, produce evidence, or provide testimony under penalty of law

Ex: The prosecutor may subpoena a witness to testify in a criminal trial. 
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to legalize

to permit something by law, granting people the right or freedom to do it

Ex: The government decided to legalize the use of cannabis for medical purposes, allowing patients to access it legally. 
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to legislate

to create or bring laws into effect through a formal process

Ex: They are currently legislating new measures to address environmental concerns. 
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to forfeit

to no longer be able to access a right, property, privilege, etc. as a result of violating a law or a punishment for doing something wrong

Ex: Individuals who commit fraud may forfeit their assets as part of legal penalties. 
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to testify

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 
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