pattern

Santé et Maladie - Maladies Génétiques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux troubles génétiques tels que "albinisme", "hémophilie" et "dystrophie".

Réviser

Flashcards

Orthographe

Quiz

Commencer à apprendre
Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

syndrome de Marfan, maladie de Marfan

syndrome de Marfan, maladie de Marfan

neurofibromatosis

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

neurofibromatose

neurofibromatose

Ex: NF2 primarily involves the growth of tumors on the nerves responsible for hearing. 

La neurofibromatose implique principalement la croissance de tumeurs sur les nerfs responsables de l'audition.

Noonan syndrome

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

syndrome de Noonan, maladie génétique de Noonan

syndrome de Noonan, maladie génétique de Noonan

Prader–Willi syndrome

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

syndrome de Prader-Willi, maladie de Prader-Willi

syndrome de Prader-Willi, maladie de Prader-Willi

Rett syndrome

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

syndrome de Rett, maladie de Rett

syndrome de Rett, maladie de Rett

tay-sachs disease

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

la maladie de Tay-Sachs, la gangliosidose à GM2

la maladie de Tay-Sachs, la gangliosidose à GM2

Ex: Carrier screening is available for individuals with a family history of Tay-Sachs disease. 

Le dépistage des porteurs est disponible pour les personnes ayant des antécédents familiaux de la maladie de Tay-Sachs.

thalassemia

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

thalassémie, anémie méditerranéenne

thalassémie, anémie méditerranéenne

Ex: Beta thalassemia results in decreased or absent beta globin chains. 

La thalassémie bêta entraîne une diminution ou une absence de chaînes de globine bêta.

Tourette syndrome

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

syndrome de Tourette, maladie de Tourette

syndrome de Tourette, maladie de Tourette

Ex: Tourette's syndrome often appears in childhood, and symptoms may change over time. 

Le syndrome de Tourette apparaît souvent dans l'enfance, et les symptômes peuvent changer avec le temps.

albinism

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

albinisme

albinisme

Ex: Vision problems, including sensitivity to light and involuntary eye movements, are common in people with albinism. 

Les problèmes de vision, y compris la sensibilité à la lumière et les mouvements oculaires involontaires, sont courants chez les personnes atteintes d'albinisme.

Angelman syndrome

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

syndrome d'Angelman, maladie d'Angelman

syndrome d'Angelman, maladie d'Angelman

Apert syndrome

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

syndrome d'Apert, maladie d'Apert

syndrome d'Apert, maladie d'Apert

charcot-marie-tooth disease

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth, la neuropathie sensitivo-motrice héréditaire

la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth, la neuropathie sensitivo-motrice héréditaire

Ex: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease is named after the three physicians who first described it. 

La maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth est nommée d'après les trois médecins qui l'ont décrite pour la première fois.

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales, hyperplasie surrénale congénitale

hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales, hyperplasie surrénale congénitale

cystic fibrosis

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrose kystique, mucoviscidose

fibrose kystique, mucoviscidose

Ex: Cystic fibrosis is a lifelong condition, and management aims to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. 

La fibrose kystique est une maladie à vie, et la gestion vise à soulager les symptômes et à améliorer la qualité de vie.

Down syndrome

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

syndrome de Down, trisomie 21

syndrome de Down, trisomie 21

Ex: Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal disorder, occurring in approximately one in 800 live births. 

Le syndrome de Down est le trouble chromosomique le plus courant, survenant dans environ une naissance vivante sur 800.

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos, maladie d'Ehlers-Danlos

syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos, maladie d'Ehlers-Danlos

Fabry disease

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

maladie de Fabry, affection de Fabry

maladie de Fabry, affection de Fabry

fragile X syndrome

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

syndrome de l'X fragile, syndrome du chromosome X fragile

syndrome de l'X fragile, syndrome du chromosome X fragile

hemophilia

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

hémophilie

hémophilie

hemochromatosis

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

hémochromatose

hémochromatose

Ex: Symptoms of hemochromatosis may include fatigue, joint pain, and abdominal discomfort. 

Les symptômes de l'hémochromatose peuvent inclure fatigue, douleurs articulaires et inconfort abdominal.

Klinefelter syndrome

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

syndrome de Klinefelter

syndrome de Klinefelter

Ex: Individuals with Klinefelter syndrome have an extra X chromosome. 

Les individus atteints du syndrome de Klinefelter ont un chromosome X supplémentaire.

turner syndrome

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

syndrome de Turner

syndrome de Turner

Ex: Individuals with Turner syndrome typically have short stature and a lack of normal pubertal development. 

Les personnes atteintes du syndrome de Turner ont généralement une petite taille et un manque de développement pubertaire normal.

Williams syndrome

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

syndrome de Williams, maladie de Williams

syndrome de Williams, maladie de Williams

Huntington's disease

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

la maladie de Huntington, la chorée de Huntington

la maladie de Huntington, la chorée de Huntington

Ex: There is no cure for Huntington's disease, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms. 

Il n'y a pas de remède contre la maladie de Huntington, et le traitement se concentre sur la gestion des symptômes.

sickle-cell disease

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

drépanocytose, anémie falciforme

drépanocytose, anémie falciforme

Ex: Symptoms of sickle cell disease include pain episodes, anemia, and etc. 

Les symptômes de la drépanocytose comprennent des épisodes de douleur, une anémie, etc.

dystrophy

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

dystrophie

dystrophie

Ex: Energy regulation was disrupted by glycogen storage dystrophy. 

La régulation de l'énergie a été perturbée par la dystrophie de stockage du glycogène.

von willebrand disease

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

maladie de von Willebrand, déficit en facteur von Willebrand

maladie de von Willebrand, déficit en facteur von Willebrand

Ex: Treatment for Von Willebrand disease often involves clotting factor infusions. 

Le traitement de la maladie de von Willebrand implique souvent des perfusions de facteurs de coagulation.

LanGeek
Télécharger l'application LanGeek