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Santé et Maladie - Maladies Génétiques

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux troubles génétiques tels que "albinisme", "hémophilie" et "dystrophie".

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a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

syndrome de Marfan, maladie de Marfan

syndrome de Marfan, maladie de Marfan

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

neurofibromatose

neurofibromatose

Ex: Genetic counseling is recommended for individuals with a family history of neurofibromatosis.

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

syndrome de Noonan, maladie génétique de Noonan

syndrome de Noonan, maladie génétique de Noonan

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

syndrome de Prader-Willi, maladie de Prader-Willi

syndrome de Prader-Willi, maladie de Prader-Willi

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

syndrome de Rett, maladie de Rett

syndrome de Rett, maladie de Rett

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

la maladie de Tay-Sachs, la gangliosidose à GM2

la maladie de Tay-Sachs, la gangliosidose à GM2

Ex: Genetic counseling is crucial in high-risk populations with a history of Tay-Sachs disease.Le conseil génétique est crucial dans les populations à haut risque ayant des antécédents de **maladie de Tay-Sachs**.

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

thalassémie, anémie méditerranéenne

thalassémie, anémie méditerranéenne

Ex: Awareness campaigns focus on education and early detection of thalassemia in high-risk populations .Les campagnes de sensibilisation se concentrent sur l'éducation et la détection précoce de la **thalassémie** dans les populations à haut risque.

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

syndrome de Tourette, maladie de Tourette

syndrome de Tourette, maladie de Tourette

Ex: Many individuals with Tourette's lead successful lives, and symptoms may improve with age.De nombreuses personnes atteintes du **syndrome de Tourette** mènent une vie réussie, et les symptômes peuvent s'améliorer avec l'âge.

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

albinisme

albinisme

Ex: Albinism is caused by inherited genetic mutations affecting melanin production .**Albinisme** est causé par des mutations génétiques héritées affectant la production de mélanine.

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

syndrome d'Angelman, maladie d'Angelman

syndrome d'Angelman, maladie d'Angelman

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

syndrome d'Apert, maladie d'Apert

syndrome d'Apert, maladie d'Apert

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth, la neuropathie sensitivo-motrice héréditaire

la maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth, la neuropathie sensitivo-motrice héréditaire

Ex: There is no cure for CMT, but physical therapy helps manage symptoms.Il n'y a pas de remède contre la **maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth**, mais la kinésithérapie aide à gérer les symptômes.

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales, hyperplasie surrénale congénitale

hyperplasie congénitale des surrénales, hyperplasie surrénale congénitale

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrose kystique, mucoviscidose

fibrose kystique, mucoviscidose

Ex: Individuals with cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

syndrome de Down, trisomie 21

syndrome de Down, trisomie 21

Ex: Down syndrome does not have a cure, but supportive care and educational interventions can enhance quality of life.Le **syndrome de Down** n'a pas de remède, mais des soins de soutien et des interventions éducatives peuvent améliorer la qualité de vie.

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos, maladie d'Ehlers-Danlos

syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos, maladie d'Ehlers-Danlos

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

maladie de Fabry, affection de Fabry

maladie de Fabry, affection de Fabry

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

syndrome de l'X fragile, syndrome du chromosome X fragile

syndrome de l'X fragile, syndrome du chromosome X fragile

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

hémophilie

hémophilie

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

hémochromatose

hémochromatose

Ex: Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent complications associated with hemochromatosis.

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

syndrome de Klinefelter

syndrome de Klinefelter

Ex: Increased awareness of Klinefelter syndrome aids in early detection and intervention .Une sensibilisation accrue au **syndrome de Klinefelter** aide à la détection précoce et à l'intervention.

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

syndrome de Turner

syndrome de Turner

Ex: Turner syndrome can be associated with various health issues, including heart and kidney abnormalities.Le **syndrome de Turner** peut être associé à divers problèmes de santé, y compris des anomalies cardiaques et rénales.

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

syndrome de Williams, maladie de Williams

syndrome de Williams, maladie de Williams

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

la maladie de Huntington, la chorée de Huntington

la maladie de Huntington, la chorée de Huntington

Ex: Research efforts aim to develop potential therapies for Huntington's disease.Les efforts de recherche visent à développer des thérapies potentielles pour la **maladie de Huntington**.

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

drépanocytose, anémie falciforme

drépanocytose, anémie falciforme

Ex: Sickle cell disease is more prevalent in individuals of African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent.La **drépanocytose** est plus fréquente chez les personnes d'origine africaine, méditerranéenne et moyen-orientale.

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

dystrophie

dystrophie

Ex: Nerve degeneration led to numbness in neurotrophic dystrophy.La dégénérescence nerveuse a conduit à un engourdissement dans la **dystrophie** neurotrophique.

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

maladie de von Willebrand, déficit en facteur von Willebrand

maladie de von Willebrand, déficit en facteur von Willebrand

Ex: Von Willebrand disease is usually inherited and can vary in severity.
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