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Salud y Enfermedad - Trastornos genéticos

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con trastornos genéticos como "albinismo", "hemofilia" y "distrofia".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

síndrome de Marfan, enfermedad de Marfan

síndrome de Marfan, enfermedad de Marfan

neurofibromatosis
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

neurofibromatosis

neurofibromatosis

Ex: Genetic counseling is recommended for individuals with a family history of neurofibromatosis.
Noonan syndrome
[Sustantivo]

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

síndrome de Noonan, trastorno genético de Noonan

síndrome de Noonan, trastorno genético de Noonan

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

síndrome de Prader-Willi, enfermedad de Prader-Willi

síndrome de Prader-Willi, enfermedad de Prader-Willi

Rett syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

síndrome de Rett, enfermedad de Rett

síndrome de Rett, enfermedad de Rett

tay-sachs disease
[Sustantivo]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

la enfermedad de Tay-Sachs, la gangliosidosis GM2

la enfermedad de Tay-Sachs, la gangliosidosis GM2

Ex: Genetic counseling is crucial in high-risk populations with a history of Tay-Sachs disease.El asesoramiento genético es crucial en poblaciones de alto riesgo con antecedentes de **enfermedad de Tay-Sachs**.
thalassemia
[Sustantivo]

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

talasemia, anemia mediterránea

talasemia, anemia mediterránea

Ex: Awareness campaigns focus on education and early detection of thalassemia in high-risk populations .Las campañas de concienciación se centran en la educación y la detección temprana de la **talasemia** en poblaciones de alto riesgo.
Tourette syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

síndrome de Tourette, trastorno de Tourette

síndrome de Tourette, trastorno de Tourette

Ex: Many individuals with Tourette's lead successful lives, and symptoms may improve with age.Muchas personas con **síndrome de Tourette** llevan vidas exitosas, y los síntomas pueden mejorar con la edad.
albinism
[Sustantivo]

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

albinismo

albinismo

Ex: Albinism is caused by inherited genetic mutations affecting melanin production .**Albinismo** es causado por mutaciones genéticas heredadas que afectan la producción de melanina.
Angelman syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

síndrome de Angelman, enfermedad de Angelman

síndrome de Angelman, enfermedad de Angelman

Apert syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

síndrome de Apert, enfermedad de Apert

síndrome de Apert, enfermedad de Apert

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

la enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth, la neuropatía sensitivo-motora hereditaria

la enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth, la neuropatía sensitivo-motora hereditaria

Ex: There is no cure for CMT, but physical therapy helps manage symptoms.No hay cura para la **enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth**, pero la fisioterapia ayuda a manejar los síntomas.

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita, hiperplasia adrenal congénita

hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita, hiperplasia adrenal congénita

cystic fibrosis
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrosis quística, mucoviscidosis

fibrosis quística, mucoviscidosis

Ex: Individuals with cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .
Down syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

síndrome de Down, trisomía 21

síndrome de Down, trisomía 21

Ex: Down syndrome does not have a cure, but supportive care and educational interventions can enhance quality of life.El **síndrome de Down** no tiene cura, pero los cuidados de apoyo y las intervenciones educativas pueden mejorar la calidad de vida.

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, enfermedad de Ehlers-Danlos

síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, enfermedad de Ehlers-Danlos

Fabry disease
[Sustantivo]

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

enfermedad de Fabry, trastorno de Fabry

enfermedad de Fabry, trastorno de Fabry

fragile X syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

síndrome del X frágil, síndrome del cromosoma X frágil

síndrome del X frágil, síndrome del cromosoma X frágil

hemophilia
[Sustantivo]

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

hemofilia

hemofilia

hemochromatosis
[Sustantivo]

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

hemocromatosis

hemocromatosis

Ex: Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent complications associated with hemochromatosis.

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

síndrome de Klinefelter

síndrome de Klinefelter

Ex: Increased awareness of Klinefelter syndrome aids in early detection and intervention .El aumento de la conciencia sobre el **síndrome de Klinefelter** ayuda en la detección temprana y la intervención.
turner syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

síndrome de Turner

síndrome de Turner

Ex: Turner syndrome can be associated with various health issues, including heart and kidney abnormalities.El **síndrome de Turner** puede estar asociado con diversos problemas de salud, incluyendo anomalías cardíacas y renales.
Williams syndrome
[Sustantivo]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

síndrome de Williams, enfermedad de Williams

síndrome de Williams, enfermedad de Williams

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

la enfermedad de Huntington, el corea de Huntington

la enfermedad de Huntington, el corea de Huntington

Ex: Research efforts aim to develop potential therapies for Huntington's disease.Los esfuerzos de investigación tienen como objetivo desarrollar terapias potenciales para la **enfermedad de Huntington**.

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

anemia falciforme, enfermedad de células falciformes

anemia falciforme, enfermedad de células falciformes

Ex: Sickle cell disease is more prevalent in individuals of African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent.La **anemia falciforme** es más prevalente en individuos de ascendencia africana, mediterránea y de Oriente Medio.
dystrophy
[Sustantivo]

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

distrofia

distrofia

Ex: Nerve degeneration led to numbness in neurotrophic dystrophy.La degeneración nerviosa provocó entumecimiento en la **distrofia** neurotrófica.

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

enfermedad de von Willebrand, deficiencia del factor von Willebrand

enfermedad de von Willebrand, deficiencia del factor von Willebrand

Ex: Von Willebrand disease is usually inherited and can vary in severity.
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