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Egészség és Betegség - Genetikai rendellenességek

Itt megtanulhat néhány angol szót a genetikai rendellenességekkel kapcsolatban, mint például az "albinizmus", a "hemofília" és a "dystrophia".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

Marfan-szindróma, Marfan-betegség

Marfan-szindróma, Marfan-betegség

neurofibromatosis

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

neurofibromatosis

neurofibromatosis

Ex: Neurofibromatosis is caused by mutations in specific genes. 
Noonan syndrome

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

Noonan-szindróma, Noonan genetikai rendellenesség

Noonan-szindróma, Noonan genetikai rendellenesség

Prader–Willi syndrome

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

Prader-Willi-szindróma, Prader-Willi-betegség

Prader-Willi-szindróma, Prader-Willi-betegség

Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome
[Főnév]

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

Rett-szindróma, Rett-betegség

Rett-szindróma, Rett-betegség

tay-sachs disease

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

Tay-Sachs-kór, GM2-gangliosidózis

Tay-Sachs-kór, GM2-gangliosidózis

Ex: There is currently no cure for Tay-Sachs disease. 
thalassemia
thalassemia
[Főnév]

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

talasszémia, mediterrán vérszegénység

talasszémia, mediterrán vérszegénység

Ex: Alpha thalassemia involves reduced or absent alpha globin chains. 
Tourette syndrome

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

Tourette-szindróma, Tourette-zavar

Tourette-szindróma, Tourette-zavar

Ex: In Tourette's syndrome tics are sudden, rapid, and recurrent movements or sounds, classified as motor or vocal tics. 
albinism
albinism
[Főnév]

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

albinizmus

albinizmus

Ex: Individuals with albinism often have very light skin, hair, and eye color. 
Angelman syndrome

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

Angelman-szindróma, Angelman-kór

Angelman-szindróma, Angelman-kór

Apert syndrome

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

Apert-szindróma, Apert-betegség

Apert-szindróma, Apert-betegség

charcot-marie-tooth disease

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

a Charcot-Marie-Tooth-kór, az örökletes szenzoros-motoros neuropathia

a Charcot-Marie-Tooth-kór, az örökletes szenzoros-motoros neuropathia

Ex: Onset of CMT can occur in childhood or adulthood. 
congenital adrenal hyperplasia

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

veleszületett mellékvese-hiperplázia, veleszületett mellékvese túlnövekedés

veleszületett mellékvese-hiperplázia, veleszületett mellékvese túlnövekedés

cystic fibrosis

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

cisztás fibrózis, mukoviszcidózis

cisztás fibrózis, mukoviszcidózis

Ex: Support from healthcare teams is essential for individuals with cystic fibrosis. 
Down syndrome
Down syndrome
[Főnév]

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

Down-szindróma, triszómia 21

Down-szindróma, triszómia 21

Ex: Down syndrome is characterized by intellectual disabilities and unique facial features. 
Ehlers Danlos syndrome

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

Ehlers-Danlos szindróma, Ehlers-Danlos betegség

Ehlers-Danlos szindróma, Ehlers-Danlos betegség

Fabry disease
Fabry disease
[Főnév]

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

Fabry-kór, Fabry-zavar

Fabry-kór, Fabry-zavar

fragile X syndrome

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

törékeny X szindróma, törékeny X kromoszóma szindróma

törékeny X szindróma, törékeny X kromoszóma szindróma

hemophilia
hemophilia
[Főnév]

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

hemofília, örökletes vérzékenység

hemofília, örökletes vérzékenység

hemochromatosis

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

haemochromatosis

haemochromatosis

Ex: Hemochromatosis is primarily caused by mutations in the HFE gene. 
Klinefelter syndrome

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

Klinefelter-szindróma

Klinefelter-szindróma

Ex: Klinefelter syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 500 to 1,000 male births. 
turner syndrome

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

Turner-szindróma

Turner-szindróma

Ex: Turner syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2,500 live female births. 
Williams syndrome

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

Williams-szindróma, Williams-kór

Williams-szindróma, Williams-kór

Huntington's disease

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

Huntington-kór, Huntington-kórea

Huntington-kór, Huntington-kórea

Ex: Huntington's disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the HTT gene. 
sickle-cell disease

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

sarlósejtes anémia, sarlósejtes betegség

sarlósejtes anémia, sarlósejtes betegség

Ex: Sickle cell disease results from a mutation in the HBB gene. 
dystrophy
dystrophy
[Főnév]

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

dystrophia

dystrophia

Ex: Jake faced challenges due to muscular dystrophy, affecting his mobility. 
von willebrand disease

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

von Willebrand-kór, von Willebrand-faktor hiány

von Willebrand-kór, von Willebrand-faktor hiány

Ex: People with Von Willebrand disease may experience frequent nosebleeds. 
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