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Health and Sickness - Genetic Disorders

Here you will learn some English words related to genetic disorders such as "albinism", "hemophilia", and "dystrophy".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

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neurofibromatosis

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

Ex: Neurofibromatosis is caused by mutations in specific genes. 
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Noonan syndrome

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

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Prader–Willi syndrome

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

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Rett syndrome

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

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tay-sachs disease

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

Ex: There is currently no cure for Tay-Sachs disease. 
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thalassemia

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

Ex: Alpha thalassemia involves reduced or absent alpha globin chains. 
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Tourette syndrome

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

Ex: In Tourette's syndrome tics are sudden, rapid, and recurrent movements or sounds, classified as motor or vocal tics. 
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albinism
albinism
[noun]

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

Ex: Individuals with albinism often have very light skin, hair, and eye color. 
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Angelman syndrome

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

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Apert syndrome

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

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charcot-marie-tooth disease

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

Ex: Onset of CMT can occur in childhood or adulthood. 
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congenital adrenal hyperplasia

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

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cystic fibrosis

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

Ex: Support from healthcare teams is essential for individuals with cystic fibrosis. 
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Down syndrome

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

Ex: Down syndrome is characterized by intellectual disabilities and unique facial features. 
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Ehlers Danlos syndrome

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

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Fabry disease

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

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fragile X syndrome

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

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hemophilia

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

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hemochromatosis

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

Ex: Hemochromatosis is primarily caused by mutations in the HFE gene. 
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Klinefelter syndrome

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

Ex: Klinefelter syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 500 to 1,000 male births. 
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turner syndrome

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

Ex: Turner syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2,500 live female births. 
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Williams syndrome

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

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Huntington's disease

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

Ex: Huntington's disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the HTT gene. 
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sickle-cell disease

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

Ex: Sickle cell disease results from a mutation in the HBB gene. 
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dystrophy
dystrophy
[noun]

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

Ex: Jake faced challenges due to muscular dystrophy, affecting his mobility. 
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von willebrand disease

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

Ex: People with Von Willebrand disease may experience frequent nosebleeds. 
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