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Zdrowie i Choroba - Zaburzenia genetyczne

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z zaburzeniami genetycznymi, takimi jak "albinizm", "hemofilia" i "dystrofia".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

zespół Marfana, choroba Marfana

zespół Marfana, choroba Marfana

neurofibromatosis
neurofibromatosis
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

nerwiakowłókniakowatość

nerwiakowłókniakowatość

Ex: Neurofibromatosis is caused by mutations in specific genes. 
Noonan syndrome
Noonan syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

zespół Noonan, genetyczne zaburzenie Noonan

zespół Noonan, genetyczne zaburzenie Noonan

Prader–Willi syndrome

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

zespół Pradera-Williego, choroba Pradera-Williego

zespół Pradera-Williego, choroba Pradera-Williego

Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

zespół Retta, choroba Retta

zespół Retta, choroba Retta

tay-sachs disease
tay-sachs disease
[Rzeczownik]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

choroba Taya-Sachsa, gangliozydoza GM2

choroba Taya-Sachsa, gangliozydoza GM2

Ex: There is currently no cure for Tay-Sachs disease. 
thalassemia
thalassemia
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

talasemia, niedokrwistość śródziemnomorska

talasemia, niedokrwistość śródziemnomorska

Ex: Alpha thalassemia involves reduced or absent alpha globin chains. 
Tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

zespół Tourette'a, zaburzenie Tourette'a

zespół Tourette'a, zaburzenie Tourette'a

Ex: In Tourette's syndrome tics are sudden, rapid, and recurrent movements or sounds, classified as motor or vocal tics. 
albinism
albinism
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

albinizm

albinizm

Ex: Individuals with albinism often have very light skin, hair, and eye color. 
Angelman syndrome
Angelman syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

zespół Angelmana, choroba Angelmana

zespół Angelmana, choroba Angelmana

Apert syndrome
Apert syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

zespół Aperta, choroba Aperta

zespół Aperta, choroba Aperta

charcot-marie-tooth disease

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

choroba Charcota-Mariego-Tootha, dziedziczna neuropatia czuciowo-ruchowa

choroba Charcota-Mariego-Tootha, dziedziczna neuropatia czuciowo-ruchowa

Ex: Onset of CMT can occur in childhood or adulthood. 
congenital adrenal hyperplasia

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

wrodzony przerost nadnerczy, wrodzona hiperplazja nadnerczy

wrodzony przerost nadnerczy, wrodzona hiperplazja nadnerczy

cystic fibrosis
cystic fibrosis
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

mukowiscydoza, zwłóknienie torbielowate

mukowiscydoza, zwłóknienie torbielowate

Ex: Support from healthcare teams is essential for individuals with cystic fibrosis. 
Down syndrome
Down syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

zespół Downa, trisomia 21

zespół Downa, trisomia 21

Ex: Down syndrome is characterized by intellectual disabilities and unique facial features. 
Ehlers Danlos syndrome

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

zespół Ehlersa-Danlosa, choroba Ehlersa-Danlosa

zespół Ehlersa-Danlosa, choroba Ehlersa-Danlosa

Fabry disease
Fabry disease
[Rzeczownik]

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

choroba Fabry'ego, zaburzenie Fabry'ego

choroba Fabry'ego, zaburzenie Fabry'ego

fragile X syndrome
fragile X syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

zespół łamliwego chromosomu X, zespół kruchego X

zespół łamliwego chromosomu X, zespół kruchego X

hemophilia
hemophilia
[Rzeczownik]

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

hemofilia, dziedziczne zaburzenie krzepnięcia krwi

hemofilia, dziedziczne zaburzenie krzepnięcia krwi

hemochromatosis
hemochromatosis
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

hemochromatoza

hemochromatoza

Ex: Hemochromatosis is primarily caused by mutations in the HFE gene. 
Klinefelter syndrome

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

zespół Klinefeltera

zespół Klinefeltera

Ex: Klinefelter syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 500 to 1,000 male births. 
turner syndrome
turner syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

zespół Turnera

zespół Turnera

Ex: Turner syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2,500 live female births. 
Williams syndrome
Williams syndrome
[Rzeczownik]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

zespół Williamsa, choroba Williamsa

zespół Williamsa, choroba Williamsa

Huntington's disease

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

choroba Huntingtona, pląsawica Huntingtona

choroba Huntingtona, pląsawica Huntingtona

Ex: Huntington's disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the HTT gene. 
sickle-cell disease

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

niedokrwistość sierpowata, choroba sierpowatokrwinkowa

niedokrwistość sierpowata, choroba sierpowatokrwinkowa

Ex: Sickle cell disease results from a mutation in the HBB gene. 
dystrophy
dystrophy
[Rzeczownik]

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

dystrofia

dystrofia

Ex: Jake faced challenges due to muscular dystrophy, affecting his mobility. 
von willebrand disease

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

choroba von Willebranda, niedobór czynnika von Willebranda

choroba von Willebranda, niedobór czynnika von Willebranda

Ex: People with Von Willebrand disease may experience frequent nosebleeds. 
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