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Saúde e Doença - Distúrbios genéticos

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas a distúrbios genéticos como "albinismo", "hemofilia" e "distrofia".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome
[substantivo]

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

síndrome de Marfan, doença de Marfan

síndrome de Marfan, doença de Marfan

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neurofibromatosis
[substantivo]

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

neurofibromatose

neurofibromatose

Ex: Genetic counseling is recommended for individuals with a family history of neurofibromatosis.
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Noonan syndrome
[substantivo]

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

síndrome de Noonan, distúrbio genético de Noonan

síndrome de Noonan, distúrbio genético de Noonan

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a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

síndrome de Prader-Willi, doença de Prader-Willi

síndrome de Prader-Willi, doença de Prader-Willi

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Rett syndrome
[substantivo]

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

síndrome de Rett, doença de Rett

síndrome de Rett, doença de Rett

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tay-sachs disease
[substantivo]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

a doença de Tay-Sachs, a gangliosidose GM2

a doença de Tay-Sachs, a gangliosidose GM2

Ex: Genetic counseling is crucial in high-risk populations with a history of Tay-Sachs disease.O aconselhamento genético é crucial em populações de alto risco com histórico de **doença de Tay-Sachs**.
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thalassemia
[substantivo]

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

talassemia, anemia mediterrânea

talassemia, anemia mediterrânea

Ex: Awareness campaigns focus on education and early detection of thalassemia in high-risk populations .As campanhas de conscientização focam na educação e detecção precoce da **talassemia** em populações de alto risco.
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Tourette syndrome
[substantivo]

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

síndrome de Tourette, transtorno de Tourette

síndrome de Tourette, transtorno de Tourette

Ex: Many individuals with Tourette's lead successful lives, and symptoms may improve with age.Muitos indivíduos com **síndrome de Tourette** levam vidas bem-sucedidas, e os sintomas podem melhorar com a idade.
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albinism
[substantivo]

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

albinismo

albinismo

Ex: Albinism is caused by inherited genetic mutations affecting melanin production .**Albinismo** é causado por mutações genéticas herdadas que afetam a produção de melanina.
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Angelman syndrome
[substantivo]

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

síndrome de Angelman, doença de Angelman

síndrome de Angelman, doença de Angelman

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Apert syndrome
[substantivo]

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

síndrome de Apert, doença de Apert

síndrome de Apert, doença de Apert

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a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

a doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth, a neuropatia sensitivo-motora hereditária

a doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth, a neuropatia sensitivo-motora hereditária

Ex: There is no cure for CMT, but physical therapy helps manage symptoms.Não há cura para a **doença de Charcot-Marie-Tooth**, mas a fisioterapia ajuda a controlar os sintomas.
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a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

hiperplasia adrenal congênita, hiperplasia congênita da suprarrenal

hiperplasia adrenal congênita, hiperplasia congênita da suprarrenal

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cystic fibrosis
[substantivo]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

fibrose cística, mucoviscidose

fibrose cística, mucoviscidose

Ex: Individuals with cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .
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Down syndrome
[substantivo]

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

síndrome de Down, trissomia 21

síndrome de Down, trissomia 21

Ex: Down syndrome does not have a cure, but supportive care and educational interventions can enhance quality of life.A **síndrome de Down** não tem cura, mas cuidados de apoio e intervenções educacionais podem melhorar a qualidade de vida.
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a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, doença de Ehlers-Danlos

síndrome de Ehlers-Danlos, doença de Ehlers-Danlos

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Fabry disease
[substantivo]

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

doença de Fabry, transtorno de Fabry

doença de Fabry, transtorno de Fabry

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fragile X syndrome
[substantivo]

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

síndrome do X frágil, síndrome do cromossomo X frágil

síndrome do X frágil, síndrome do cromossomo X frágil

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hemophilia
[substantivo]

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

hemofilia, transtorno hemorrágico hereditário

hemofilia, transtorno hemorrágico hereditário

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hemochromatosis
[substantivo]

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

hemocromatose

hemocromatose

Ex: Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent complications associated with hemochromatosis.
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a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

síndrome de Klinefelter

síndrome de Klinefelter

Ex: Increased awareness of Klinefelter syndrome aids in early detection and intervention .O aumento da consciência sobre a **síndrome de Klinefelter** auxilia na detecção precoce e intervenção.
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turner syndrome
[substantivo]

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

síndrome de Turner

síndrome de Turner

Ex: Turner syndrome can be associated with various health issues, including heart and kidney abnormalities.A **síndrome de Turner** pode estar associada a vários problemas de saúde, incluindo anomalias cardíacas e renais.
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Williams syndrome
[substantivo]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

síndrome de Williams, doença de Williams

síndrome de Williams, doença de Williams

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a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

a doença de Huntington, a coreia de Huntington

a doença de Huntington, a coreia de Huntington

Ex: Research efforts aim to develop potential therapies for Huntington's disease.Os esforços de pesquisa visam desenvolver terapias potenciais para a **doença de Huntington**.
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sickle-cell disease
[substantivo]

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

anemia falciforme, doença falciforme

anemia falciforme, doença falciforme

Ex: Sickle cell disease is more prevalent in individuals of African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent.A **anemia falciforme** é mais prevalente em indivíduos de ascendência africana, mediterrânea e do Oriente Médio.
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dystrophy
[substantivo]

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

distrofia

distrofia

Ex: Nerve degeneration led to numbness in neurotrophic dystrophy.A degeneração nervosa levou ao entorpecimento na **distrofia** neurotrófica.
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a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

doença de von Willebrand, deficiência do fator von Willebrand

doença de von Willebrand, deficiência do fator von Willebrand

Ex: Von Willebrand disease is usually inherited and can vary in severity.
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