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Zdraví a Nemoci - Genetické poruchy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s genetickými poruchami, jako je "albinismus", "hemofilie" a "dystrofie".

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

Marfanův syndrom, Marfanova choroba

Marfanův syndrom, Marfanova choroba

neurofibromatosis
neurofibromatosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

neurofibromatóza

neurofibromatóza

Ex: Neurofibromatosis is caused by mutations in specific genes. 
Noonan syndrome
Noonan syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

Noonanův syndrom, Noonanova genetická porucha

Noonanův syndrom, Noonanova genetická porucha

Prader–Willi syndrome
Prader–Willi syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

Praderův-Williho syndrom, Praderova-Williho choroba

Praderův-Williho syndrom, Praderova-Williho choroba

Rett syndrome
Rett syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

Rettův syndrom, Rettova choroba

Rettův syndrom, Rettova choroba

tay-sachs disease
tay-sachs disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

Tay-Sachsova choroba, GM2 gangliosidóza

Tay-Sachsova choroba, GM2 gangliosidóza

Ex: There is currently no cure for Tay-Sachs disease. 
thalassemia
thalassemia
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

talasemie, středomořská anémie

talasemie, středomořská anémie

Ex: Alpha thalassemia involves reduced or absent alpha globin chains. 
Tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

Tourettův syndrom, Tourettova porucha

Tourettův syndrom, Tourettova porucha

Ex: In Tourette's syndrome tics are sudden, rapid, and recurrent movements or sounds, classified as motor or vocal tics. 
albinism
albinism
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

albinismus

albinismus

Ex: Individuals with albinism often have very light skin, hair, and eye color. 
Angelman syndrome
Angelman syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

Angelmanův syndrom, Angelmanova choroba

Angelmanův syndrom, Angelmanova choroba

Apert syndrome
Apert syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

Apertův syndrom, Apertova choroba

Apertův syndrom, Apertova choroba

charcot-marie-tooth disease
charcot-marie-tooth disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

Charcot-Marie-Toothova choroba, dědičná senzitivně-motorická neuropatie

Charcot-Marie-Toothova choroba, dědičná senzitivně-motorická neuropatie

Ex: Onset of CMT can occur in childhood or adulthood. 
congenital adrenal hyperplasia

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

vrozená hyperplazie nadledvin, vrozená adrenální hyperplazie

vrozená hyperplazie nadledvin, vrozená adrenální hyperplazie

cystic fibrosis
cystic fibrosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

cystická fibróza, mukoviscidóza

cystická fibróza, mukoviscidóza

Ex: Support from healthcare teams is essential for individuals with cystic fibrosis. 
Down syndrome
Down syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

Downův syndrom, trizomie 21

Downův syndrom, trizomie 21

Ex: Down syndrome is characterized by intellectual disabilities and unique facial features. 
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

Ehlersův-Danlosův syndrom, Ehlersova-Danlosova choroba

Ehlersův-Danlosův syndrom, Ehlersova-Danlosova choroba

Fabry disease
Fabry disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

Fabryho choroba, Fabryho porucha

Fabryho choroba, Fabryho porucha

fragile X syndrome
fragile X syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

syndrom fragilního X, syndrom křehkého X chromozomu

syndrom fragilního X, syndrom křehkého X chromozomu

hemophilia
hemophilia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

hemofilie, dědičná porucha srážlivosti krve

hemofilie, dědičná porucha srážlivosti krve

hemochromatosis
hemochromatosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

hemochromatóza

hemochromatóza

Ex: Hemochromatosis is primarily caused by mutations in the HFE gene. 
Klinefelter syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

Klinefelterův syndrom

Klinefelterův syndrom

Ex: Klinefelter syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 500 to 1,000 male births. 
turner syndrome
turner syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

Turnerův syndrom

Turnerův syndrom

Ex: Turner syndrome occurs in approximately 1 in 2,500 live female births. 
Williams syndrome
Williams syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

Williamsův syndrom, Williamsova choroba

Williamsův syndrom, Williamsova choroba

Huntington's disease
Huntington's disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

Huntingtonova choroba, Huntingtonova chorea

Huntingtonova choroba, Huntingtonova chorea

Ex: Huntington's disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the HTT gene. 
sickle-cell disease
sickle-cell disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

srpkovitá anémie, srpkovitá choroba

srpkovitá anémie, srpkovitá choroba

Ex: Sickle cell disease results from a mutation in the HBB gene. 
dystrophy
dystrophy
[Podstatné jméno]

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

dystrofie

dystrofie

Ex: Jake faced challenges due to muscular dystrophy, affecting his mobility. 
von willebrand disease
von willebrand disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

von Willebrandova choroba, nedostatek von Willebrandova faktoru

von Willebrandova choroba, nedostatek von Willebrandova faktoru

Ex: People with Von Willebrand disease may experience frequent nosebleeds. 
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