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Zdraví a Nemoci - Genetické poruchy

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova související s genetickými poruchami, jako je „albinismus“, „hemofilie“ a „dystrofie“.

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

Marfanův syndrom, Marfanův syndrom (onemocnění)

Marfanův syndrom, Marfanův syndrom (onemocnění)

neurofibromatosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

neurofibromatóza, neurofibromatosa

neurofibromatóza, neurofibromatosa

Ex: Genetic counseling is recommended for individuals with a family history neurofibromatosis.
Noonan syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

Noonanův syndrom, Noonanův syndrom (genetická porucha)

Noonanův syndrom, Noonanův syndrom (genetická porucha)

Prader–Willi syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

Prader-Williho syndrom, Prader-Willi syndrom

Prader-Williho syndrom, Prader-Willi syndrom

Rett syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

Rettův syndrom, Rettův syndrom (genetická porucha)

Rettův syndrom, Rettův syndrom (genetická porucha)

tay-sachs disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

Tay-Sachsova choroba, Tay-Sachsova nemoc

Tay-Sachsova choroba, Tay-Sachsova nemoc

Ex: Genetic counseling is crucial in high-risk populations with a history Tay-Sachs disease.
thalassemia
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

thalassemie, thalassaemie

thalassemie, thalassaemie

Ex: Awareness campaigns focus on education and early detection thalassemia in high-risk populations .
Tourette syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

Tourettův syndrom, Touretteův syndrom

Tourettův syndrom, Touretteův syndrom

Ex: Many individuals with Tourette's lead successful lives, and symptoms may improve with age.
albinism
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

albinismus, albinismus (genetický stav)

albinismus, albinismus (genetický stav)

Ex: Albinism is caused by inherited genetic mutations affecting melanin production .
Angelman syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

Angelmanův syndrom, Angelmanův syndrom (genetická porucha)

Angelmanův syndrom, Angelmanův syndrom (genetická porucha)

Apert syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

Apertův syndrom, Apertův syndrom (genetická porucha)

Apertův syndrom, Apertův syndrom (genetická porucha)

charcot-marie-tooth disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

Charcotova-Marieova-Toothova nemoc, Charcot-Marie-Toothova choroba

Charcotova-Marieova-Toothova nemoc, Charcot-Marie-Toothova choroba

Ex: There is no cure for CMT, but physical therapy helps manage symptoms.

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

vrozená adrenální hyperplazie, dědičná adrenální hyperplazie

vrozená adrenální hyperplazie, dědičná adrenální hyperplazie

cystic fibrosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

cystická fibróza, cystická fibróza

cystická fibróza, cystická fibróza

Ex: Individuals cystic fibrosis often experience chronic lung infections due to the difficulty in clearing mucus from the airways .
Down syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

Downův syndrom, trisomie 21

Downův syndrom, trisomie 21

Ex: Down syndrome does not have a cure, but supportive care and educational interventions can enhance quality of life.
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

Ehlers-Danlosův syndrom, Ehlers-Danlos syndrom

Ehlers-Danlosův syndrom, Ehlers-Danlos syndrom

Fabry disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

Fabryho nemoc, Fabryho onemocnění

Fabryho nemoc, Fabryho onemocnění

fragile X syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

křehký X syndrom, Fragilní X syndrom

křehký X syndrom, Fragilní X syndrom

hemophilia
[Podstatné jméno]

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

hemofilie, hemostáza

hemofilie, hemostáza

hemochromatosis
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

hemokromatóza, hemochromatóza

hemokromatóza, hemochromatóza

Ex: Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent complications associated hemochromatosis.
Klinefelter syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

Klinefelterův syndrom, Klinefelterův syndrom mužský

Klinefelterův syndrom, Klinefelterův syndrom mužský

Ex: Increased awareness Klinefelter syndrome aids in early detection and intervention .
turner syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

Turnerův syndrom, Turnerova syndrom

Turnerův syndrom, Turnerova syndrom

Ex: Turner syndrome can be associated with various health issues, including heart and kidney abnormalities.
Williams syndrome
[Podstatné jméno]

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

Williamsův syndrom, Williamsův syndrom (genetická porucha)

Williamsův syndrom, Williamsův syndrom (genetická porucha)

Huntington's disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

Huntingtonova choroba, Huntingtonova nemoc

Huntingtonova choroba, Huntingtonova nemoc

Ex: Research efforts aim to develop potential therapies for Huntington's disease.
sickle-cell disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

sicklemie, sicklová anémie

sicklemie, sicklová anémie

Ex: Sickle cell disease is more prevalent in individuals of African, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern descent.
dystrophy
[Podstatné jméno]

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

dystrofie, dystrofické onemocnění

dystrofie, dystrofické onemocnění

Ex: Nerve degeneration led to numbness in dystrophy.
von willebrand disease
[Podstatné jméno]

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

Von Willebrandova choroba, Von Willebrandova nemoc

Von Willebrandova choroba, Von Willebrandova nemoc

Ex: Von Willebrand disease is usually inherited and can vary in severity.
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