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健康と病気 - 遺伝性疾患

ここでは「白皮症」「血友病」「ジストロフィー」などの遺伝性疾患に関する英単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Health and Sickness
Marfan syndrome

a genetic disorder characterized by connective tissue abnormalities, leading to various physical manifestations including tall stature, long limbs, joint hypermobility, and cardiovascular issues

マルファン症候群

マルファン症候群

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[名詞]
neurofibromatosis

a genetic disorder causing the growth of tumors on nerves throughout the body, with varying symptoms and severity

神経線維腫症

神経線維腫症

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[名詞]
Noonan syndrome

genetic disorder with characteristic facial features, short stature, developmental delays, and heart defects caused by mutations affecting cell signaling proteins

ヌーナン症候群

ヌーナン症候群

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[名詞]
Prader–Willi syndrome

a genetic disorder with symptoms like insatiable appetite, obesity, intellectual disability, and developmental delays caused by gene deletion or loss of function on chromosome 15

プラダー・ウィリ症候群

プラダー・ウィリ症候群

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[名詞]
Rett syndrome

a genetic disorder in girls causing developmental regression, communication impairments, and neurological issues due to MECP2 gene mutations

レット症候群

レット症候群

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[名詞]
tay-sachs disease

a rare genetic disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of the nervous system, typically leading to early childhood death

テイサックス病

テイサックス病

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[名詞]
thalassemia

a genetic blood disorder characterized by reduced production of hemoglobin, leading to anemia, and it can range from mild to severe

サラセミア

サラセミア

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[名詞]
Tourette syndrome

a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics

トウレット症候群

トウレット症候群

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[名詞]
albinism

a genetic condition characterized by a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair, and eyes, resulting in a significant reduction or absence of melanin

白皮症

白皮症

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[名詞]
Angelman syndrome

a rare genetic disorder with developmental delays, intellectual disability, speech issues, and seizures, caused by gene mutations on chromosome 15

エンジェルマン症候群

エンジェルマン症候群

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[名詞]
ankylosing spondylitis

a chronic inflammatory arthritis primarily affecting the spine, causing pain, stiffness, and potential fusion of the vertebrae

強直性脊椎炎

強直性脊椎炎

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[名詞]
Apert syndrome

a genetic disorder with craniofacial abnormalities, fused fingers or toes, and skeletal issues due to FGFR2 gene mutations

アペール症候群

アペール症候群

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[名詞]
charcot-marie-tooth disease

a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and atrophy, particularly in the feet and hands

シャルコー・マリー・トゥース病

シャルコー・マリー・トゥース病

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[名詞]
congenital adrenal hyperplasia

a genetic disorder causing hormonal imbalances and abnormal development of secondary sexual characteristics due to impaired cortisol production by the adrenal glands

先天性副腎過形成

先天性副腎過形成

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[名詞]
cystic fibrosis

a genetic disorder causing the production of thick and sticky mucus, affecting the respiratory and digestive systems and leading to various complications

嚢胞性線維症

嚢胞性線維症

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[名詞]
Down syndrome

a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disabilities, distinct facial features, and potential health issues

ダウン症

ダウン症

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[名詞]
Ehlers Danlos syndrome

a group of connective tissue disorders causing joint hypermobility, skin that bruises easily, and other symptoms due to abnormal collagen production

エーラス・ダンロス症候群

エーラス・ダンロス症候群

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[名詞]
Fabry disease

a rare genetic disorder causing the build-up of a fatty substance in organs, leading to symptoms like pain, skin lesions, and organ damage

ファブリー病

ファブリー病

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[名詞]
fragile X syndrome

a genetic disorder causing intellectual disability, developmental delays, and other symptoms due to a gene mutation that affects normal brain function

脆弱X症候群

脆弱X症候群

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[名詞]
hemophilia

a mostly inherited genetic disorder in which the blood does not clot properly, leading to excessive or spontaneous bleeding

血友病

血友病

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[名詞]
hemochromatosis

a genetic disorder characterized by excessive absorption and accumulation of iron in the body, leading to potential organ damage

ヘモクロマトーシス

ヘモクロマトーシス

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[名詞]
Klinefelter syndrome

a genetic condition in males where there is an extra X chromosome, leading to developmental and hormonal differences

クラインフェルター症候群

クラインフェルター症候群

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[名詞]
turner syndrome

a genetic condition affecting females, where one of the X chromosomes is partially or completely missing, leading to various developmental and medical challenges

ターナー症候群

ターナー症候群

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[名詞]
Von Willebrand disease

a bleeding disorder due to a deficiency or dysfunction of a blood clotting protein, leading to increased bleeding tendency

フォン・ヴィレブランド病

フォン・ヴィレブランド病

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[名詞]
Williams syndrome

a rare genetic disorder characterized by distinctive facial features, developmental delays, and a unique cognitive profile, including strong verbal abilities and sociable personality traits

ウィリアムズ症候群

ウィリアムズ症候群

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[名詞]
Huntington's disease

a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms

ハンチントン病

ハンチントン病

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[名詞]
sickle-cell disease

a genetic blood disorder where red blood cells assume an abnormal, crescent shape, leading to various complications

鎌状赤血球症

鎌状赤血球症

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[名詞]
dystrophy

a category of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration or weakening of tissues, particularly muscles

ジストロフィー

ジストロフィー

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[名詞]
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