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Vocabulaire Essentiel pour le TOEFL - Monde de l'Informatique

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais sur le monde de l'informatique, tels que "matériel", "entrée", "plantage", etc., qui sont nécessaires pour l'examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
software

the programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks

logiciel

logiciel

Ex: She installed new software to help design her website. 
hardware

the physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system

matériel informatique, hardware

matériel informatique, hardware

Ex: The technician replaced the faulty hardware to fix the computer. 
operating system

the most fundamental software that manages a computer, cell phone, etc., hardware and provides a platform for running applications

système d'exploitation

système d'exploitation

Ex: The operating system controls how the computer runs and manages applications. 
flash drive

a small device used for storing data or transferring data between electronic devices

clé USB

clé USB

Ex: I transferred the presentation to a flash drive so that I could easily share it with my colleagues. 
to install
to install
[verbe]

to add a piece of software to a computer system

installer

installer

Ex: I need to install the latest version of Microsoft Office on my computer for work. 
input
input
[nom]

(computing) the act of inserting information into a computer

donnée

donnée

Ex: The user typed text into the computer, providing input that the word processor used to create a document. 
to load
to load
[verbe]

to move data or a program from a local storage device into the memory of a computer

charger

charger

Ex: The software engineer needs to load the updated application into the server for testing. 
to refresh
to refresh
[verbe]

(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear

rafraîchir

rafraîchir

Ex: You need to refresh the browser to view the updated content. 
server
server
[nom]

a computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network

serveur

serveur

Ex: The company's server stores all employee files and emails. 
database

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

base de données

base de données

Ex: The company's customer database contained detailed records of all client interactions and transactions. 
desktop
desktop
[nom]

an area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed

bureau

bureau

Ex: The file shortcut is saved on the desktop. 
cursor
cursor
[nom]

a movable mark on a computer screen that indicates where the user is working

curseur

curseur

Ex: Move the cursor to the desired location and click to select. 
to upgrade
to upgrade
[verbe]

to improve a machine, computer system, etc. in terms of efficiency, standards, etc.

mettre à jour

mettre à jour

Ex: The company upgrades its software regularly to enhance performance. 
compatible
compatible
[Adjectif]

having the ability to work with different devices, machines, etc.

compatible

compatible

Ex: The new printer is compatible with both Windows and Mac operating systems, ensuring flexibility for users. 
to crash
to crash
[verbe]

(computing) to suddenly stop working

planter

planter

Ex: The application crashed while he was saving his work, causing him to lose unsaved data. 
down
down
[Adjectif]

(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly

en panne

en panne

Ex: The company's website was down for maintenance, causing inconvenience for online shoppers. 
to run
to run
[verbe]

(of computer programs) to function and execute its tasks

fonctionner

fonctionner

Ex: The computer system administrator scheduled the maintenance task to run during off-peak hours. 
to scroll
to scroll
[verbe]

to move what is being displayed on a computer or smartphone screen up or down to see different parts of it

faire défiler

faire défiler

Ex: He scrolled down the webpage to read the full article. 
to cut
to cut
[verbe]

to remove part of a digital text in order to put it elsewhere

couper, découper

couper, découper

Ex: She cut a paragraph from her essay and pasted it into the conclusion section. 
command
command
[nom]

an instruction that tells a computer to perform a specific task or function

commande

commande

Ex: She entered the command to save the document before closing the application. 
to code
to code
[verbe]

to write a computer program using specific instructions

coder

coder

Ex: She coded a new software application to automate tasks at work. 
to computerize

to use computers to perform a task or do a particular job

informatiser

informatiser

Ex: The company decided to computerize its inventory management system to improve efficiency. 
to back up
to back up
[verbe]

to make a copy of computer digital data

faire une sauvegarde de

faire une sauvegarde de

Ex: I'll back up my important documents before the software update. 
data processing

a set of actions done on data by a computer to have a certain result

traitement des données

traitement des données

Ex: The company invested in advanced data processing software to streamline its operations and improve efficiency. 
artificial intelligence

a field of science that deals with creating programs able to learn or copy human behavior

intelligence artificielle

intelligence artificielle

Ex: This chatbot is powered by advanced artificial intelligence. 
firewall

(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data

pare-feu

pare-feu

Ex: The company installed a firewall to prevent hackers from accessing sensitive data on its internal network. 
antivirus
antivirus
[Adjectif]

having the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them

d’antivirus

d’antivirus

Ex: The new antivirus software boasts advanced features for protecting systems from malicious viruses and malware. 
machine learning

a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

apprentissage automatique

apprentissage automatique

programming

the process of writing a computer program

programmation

programmation

Ex: She learned programming to create custom software applications for her business. 
to process
to process
[verbe]

to handle and work with data by operating on them in a computer

traiter

traiter

Ex: The computer program processed the input data, performing calculations and generating the desired output. 
virtual reality

an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

réalité virtuelle

réalité virtuelle

Ex: Virtual reality allows users to explore immersive 3D worlds. 
passcode

a specific group of letters, numbers, etc. that one needs to enter in order to access a computer or smartphone

code d’accès

code d’accès

Ex: He quickly entered his passcode to unlock his smartphone and check the messages. 
application

a computer program designed to perform a specific task for a user

application, logiciel

application, logiciel

Ex: I installed a photo editing application on my laptop. 
random-access memory

a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

RAM

RAM

Ex: The new gaming laptop boasts 16GB of RAM for smooth multitasking and faster loading times. 
developer

a person or company that designs and produces applications, video games, etc.

développeur, développeuse

développeur, développeuse

Ex: The developer released a new update for the popular app. 
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