TOEFL のための基本語彙 - コンピューターの世界

the programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks

ソフトウェア

the physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system

ハードウェア, 物理部品

the most fundamental software that manages a computer, cell phone, etc., hardware and provides a platform for running applications

オペレーティングシステム, OS

a small device used for storing data or transferring data between electronic devices

フラッシュドライブ, USBメモリ

to add a piece of software to a computer system

インストールする, 設置する

(computing) the act of inserting information into a computer

入力, インプット

to move data or a program from a local storage device into the memory of a computer

ロードする, インポートする

(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear

更新する, リフレッシュする

a computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network

サーバー

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

データベース, 情報ベース

an area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed

デスクトップ, 作業領域

a movable mark on a computer screen that indicates where the user is working

カーソル

to improve a machine, computer system, etc. in terms of efficiency, standards, etc.

アップグレードする, 改善する

having the ability to work with different devices, machines, etc.

互換性のある, 適合する

(computing) to suddenly stop working

クラッシュする, 停止する

(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly

ダウン, 停止中

(of computer programs) to function and execute its tasks

実行する, 稼働する

to move what is being displayed on a computer or smartphone screen up or down to see different parts of it

スクロールする, 巻き上げる

to remove part of a digital text in order to put it elsewhere

切る, 抜き出す

an instruction that tells a computer to perform a specific task or function

コマンド, 指示

to write a computer program using specific instructions

コードを書く, プログラムする

to use computers to perform a task or do a particular job

コンピュータ化する, デジタル化する

to make a copy of computer digital data

バックアップする, データのコピーを作る

a set of actions done on data by a computer to have a certain result

データ処理, データ加工

a field of science that deals with creating programs able to learn or copy human behavior

人工知能, AI

(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data

ファイアウォール, 防火壁

having the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them

アンチウイルス, ウイルス対策

a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

機械学習, マシンラーニング

the process of writing a computer program

プログラミング

to handle and work with data by operating on them in a computer

処理する, データを処理する

an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

バーチャルリアリティ, 仮想現実

a specific group of letters, numbers, etc. that one needs to enter in order to access a computer or smartphone

アクセスコード, パスコード

a piece of software programed to perform a specific task

アプリケーションプログラム, アプリケーション

a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

ランダムアクセスメモリ, RAM

someone or something that designs and produces applications, video games, etc.

開発者