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المفردات الأساسية لاختبار TOEFL - عالم الكمبيوتر

ستتعلم هنا بعض الكلمات الإنجليزية المتعلقة بعالم الكمبيوتر، مثل "hardware"، و"input"، و"crash"، وما إلى ذلك، اللازمة لامتحان TOEFL.

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مراجعة

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بطاقات الفلاش

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الهجاء

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اختبار قصير

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
software

the programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks

برمجيات

برمجيات

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[اسم]
hardware

the physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system

الأجهزة

الأجهزة

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[اسم]
operating system

the most fundamental software that manages a computer, cell phone, etc., hardware and provides a platform for running applications

نظام التشغيل

نظام التشغيل

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[اسم]
flash drive

a small device used for storing data or transferring data between electronic devices

ذاكرة فلاش

ذاكرة فلاش

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[اسم]
to install

to add a piece of software to a computer system

تثبيت

تثبيت

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[فعل]
input

(computing) the act of inserting information into a computer

إدخال

إدخال

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[اسم]
to load

to move data or a program from a local storage device into the memory of a computer

تحميل

تحميل

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[فعل]
to refresh

(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear

تحديث

تحديث

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[فعل]
server

a computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network

الخادم

الخادم

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[اسم]
database

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

قاعدة بيانات

قاعدة بيانات

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[اسم]
desktop

an area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed

سطح المكتب

سطح المكتب

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[اسم]
cursor

a movable mark on a computer screen that indicates where the user is working

مؤشر

مؤشر

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[اسم]
to upgrade

to improve a machine, computer system, etc. in terms of efficiency, standards, etc.

تحديث

تحديث

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[فعل]
compatible

having the ability to work with different devices, machines, etc.

متوافق

متوافق

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[صفة]
to crash

(computing) to suddenly stop working

تعطّل

تعطّل

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[فعل]
down

(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly

غير متوفر

غير متوفر

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[صفة]
to run

(of computer programs) to function and execute its tasks

تنفيذ

تنفيذ

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[فعل]
to scroll

to move what is being displayed on a computer or smartphone screen up or down to see different parts of it

تمرير

تمرير

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[فعل]
to cut

to remove part of a digital text in order to put it elsewhere

قص

قص

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[فعل]
command

an instruction that tells a computer to perform a specific task or function

أمر

أمر

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[اسم]
to code

to write a computer program using specific instructions

ترميز

ترميز

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[فعل]
to computerize

to use computers to perform a task or do a particular job

تحويل إلى الحاسوب

تحويل إلى الحاسوب

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[فعل]
to back up

to make a copy of computer digital data

نسخ احتياطي

نسخ احتياطي

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[فعل]
data processing

a set of actions done on data by a computer to have a certain result

معالجة البيانات

معالجة البيانات

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[اسم]
artificial intelligence

a field of science that deals with creating programs able to learn or copy human behavior

ذكاء اصطناعي

ذكاء اصطناعي

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[اسم]
firewall

(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data

جدار حماية

جدار حماية

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[اسم]
antivirus

having the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them

مضاد الفيروسات

مضاد الفيروسات

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[صفة]
machine learning

a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

تعلم الآلة

تعلم الآلة

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[اسم]
programming

the process of writing a computer program

برمجة

برمجة

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[اسم]
to process

to handle and work with data by operating on them in a computer

معالجة

معالجة

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[فعل]
virtual reality

an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

واقع افتراضي

واقع افتراضي

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[اسم]
passcode

a specific group of letters, numbers, etc. that one needs to enter in order to access a computer or smartphone

رمز الدخول

رمز الدخول

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[اسم]
application program

a piece of software programed to perform a specific task

برنامج تطبيق

برنامج تطبيق

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[اسم]
random-access memory

a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي

ذاكرة الوصول العشوائي

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[اسم]
developer

someone or something that designs and produces applications, video games, etc.

مطوّر

مطوّر

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[اسم]
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