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托福必备词汇 - 计算机世界

在这里,你将学习一些关于计算机世界的英语单词,如“硬件”、“输入”、“崩溃”等,这些都是托福考试所需的。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
software
[名词]

the programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks

软件

软件

Ex: He uses accounting software to keep track of his business finances .他使用会计**软件**来跟踪他的业务财务。
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hardware
[名词]

the physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system

硬件, 硬体

硬件, 硬体

Ex: He opened the computer case to examine the hardware inside .他打开电脑机箱检查里面的**硬件**。
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the most fundamental software that manages a computer, cell phone, etc., hardware and provides a platform for running applications

操作系统, OS

操作系统, OS

Ex: He switched from a Linux operating system to a Windows one .他从Linux**操作系统**换成了Windows。
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flash drive
[名词]

a small device used for storing data or transferring data between electronic devices

U盘, 闪存驱动器

U盘, 闪存驱动器

Ex: The IT department distributed flash drives to employees for backing up their work files and documents .IT部门向员工分发了**闪存驱动器**,用于备份他们的工作文件和文档。
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to install
[动词]

to add a piece of software to a computer system

安装, 装载

安装, 装载

Ex: The technician will install specialized accounting software to streamline financial processes .技术员将**安装**专业会计软件以简化财务流程。
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input
[名词]

(computing) the act of inserting information into a computer

输入, 输入数据

输入, 输入数据

Ex: The programmer gave input to the application by writing code that defines its behavior and functionality .程序员通过编写定义其行为和功能的代码向应用程序提供了**输入**。
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to load
[动词]

to move data or a program from a local storage device into the memory of a computer

加载, 传输

加载, 传输

Ex: The graphic designer will load high-resolution images into the design software for a print project .平面设计师将为印刷项目将高分辨率图像**加载**到设计软件中。
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to refresh
[动词]

(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear

刷新, 更新

刷新, 更新

Ex: Press F5 to refresh the page and view the updated results .按F5**刷新**页面并查看更新后的结果。
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server
[名词]

a computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network

服务器

服务器

Ex: IT upgraded the server to handle more user traffic .
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database
[名词]

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

数据库, 数据银行

数据库, 数据银行

Ex: The research project used a database to store and analyze large sets of experimental data , facilitating data-driven conclusions .该研究项目使用了一个**数据库**来存储和分析大量的实验数据,促进了数据驱动的结论。
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desktop
[名词]

an area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed

桌面, 主屏幕

桌面, 主屏幕

Ex: His desktop was cluttered with too many icons .他的**桌面**上堆满了太多的图标。
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cursor
[名词]

a movable mark on a computer screen that indicates where the user is working

光标, 指针

光标, 指针

Ex: You can change the appearance of the cursor in the system settings .您可以在系统设置中更改**光标**的外观。
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to upgrade
[动词]

to improve a machine, computer system, etc. in terms of efficiency, standards, etc.

改进, 升级

改进, 升级

Ex: The team has upgraded the website to improve user experience .团队已**升级**网站以改善用户体验。
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compatible
[形容词]

having the ability to work with different devices, machines, etc.

兼容的

兼容的

Ex: The new software update ensures that files created in the latest version are compatible with older versions of the program .新的软件更新确保在最新版本中创建的文件与程序的旧版本**兼容**。
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to crash
[动词]

(computing) to suddenly stop working

崩溃, 死机

崩溃, 死机

Ex: The website crashed under heavy traffic from a popular event , making it inaccessible to users .由于一个热门活动带来的巨大流量,网站**崩溃**了,导致用户无法访问。
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down
[形容词]

(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly

宕机, 无法运行

宕机, 无法运行

Ex: The cloud storage service was down, temporarily restricting access to stored files and documents.云存储服务**宕机**,暂时限制了对存储文件和文档的访问。
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to run
[动词]

(of computer programs) to function and execute its tasks

运行, 执行

运行, 执行

Ex: As soon as you open the file , the program runs and displays the content without any delays .一旦你打开文件,程序就会**运行**并立即显示内容。
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to scroll
[动词]

to move what is being displayed on a computer or smartphone screen up or down to see different parts of it

滚动, 滑动

滚动, 滑动

Ex: She scrolled through her social media feed to catch up on the latest news .她**滚动**浏览了她的社交媒体动态以了解最新消息。
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to cut
[动词]

to remove part of a digital text in order to put it elsewhere

剪切, 剪下

剪切, 剪下

Ex: The student cut unnecessary details from the report to keep it within the word limit .学生**删减**了报告中不必要的细节以保持在字数限制内。
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command
[名词]

an instruction that tells a computer to perform a specific task or function

命令, 指令

命令, 指令

Ex: The command line allows you to access advanced features.**命令**行允许您访问高级功能。
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to code
[动词]

to write a computer program using specific instructions

编码, 编程

编码, 编程

Ex: The team coded a database management system to organize information efficiently .团队**编写**了一个数据库管理系统来有效地组织信息。
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to use computers to perform a task or do a particular job

计算机化, 用计算机处理

计算机化, 用计算机处理

Ex: The restaurant has computerized its ordering system to speed up service and reduce wait times .餐厅已将其点餐系统**计算机化**,以加快服务速度并减少等待时间。
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to back up
[动词]

to make a copy of computer digital data

备份, 制作备份

备份, 制作备份

Ex: Remember to back up your important files regularly .记得定期**备份**你的重要文件。
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a set of actions done on data by a computer to have a certain result

数据处理

数据处理

Ex: The course covers various techniques and methods used in data processing to prepare students for careers in data analytics and information management .本课程涵盖了**数据处理**中使用的各种技术和方法,为学生准备数据分析与信息管理的职业生涯。
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a field of science that deals with creating programs able to learn or copy human behavior

人工智能, AI

人工智能, AI

Ex: AI systems learn from large datasets to improve their performance.**人工智能**系统从大数据集中学习以提高其性能。
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firewall
[名词]

(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data

防火墙, 防火牆

防火墙, 防火牆

Ex: During the network upgrade , the team tested the new firewall to ensure it effectively protected against potential attacks .在网络升级期间,团队测试了新的**防火墙**以确保它能有效防御潜在攻击。
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antivirus
[形容词]

having the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them

防病毒

防病毒

Ex: The IT department installed antivirus software on all company computers to prevent malware infections.IT部门在所有公司电脑上安装了**防病毒**软件,以防止恶意软件感染。
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a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

机器学习, 机器学

机器学习, 机器学

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programming
[名词]

the process of writing a computer program

编程

编程

Ex: The open-source community contributed to programming projects , sharing code and improving software collaboratively .开源社区为**编程**项目做出了贡献,共享代码并协作改进软件。
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to process
[动词]

to handle and work with data by operating on them in a computer

处理, 操作

处理, 操作

Ex: The speech recognition software processed the audio input , converting spoken words into text .语音识别软件**处理**了音频输入,将口语转换为文本。
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an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

虚拟现实, 虚拟世界

虚拟现实, 虚拟世界

Ex: Engineers use virtual reality to visualize their designs .工程师使用**虚拟现实**来可视化他们的设计。
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passcode
[名词]

a specific group of letters, numbers, etc. that one needs to enter in order to access a computer or smartphone

密码, 通行码

密码, 通行码

Ex: She forgot her passcode and had to reset it to regain access to her tablet .她忘记了**密码**,不得不重置它以重新获得对她的平板电脑的访问权限。
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application
[名词]

a computer program designed to perform a specific task for a user

应用程序, 程序

应用程序, 程序

Ex: That application isn't compatible with older systems.那个**应用程序**与旧系统不兼容。
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a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

随机存取存储器, 内存

随机存取存储器, 内存

Ex: Graphic designers benefit from ample RAM to work with large image files and render complex visual effects.平面设计师受益于充足的**随机存取存储器**(RAM),可以处理大型图像文件并渲染复杂的视觉效果。
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developer
[名词]

a person or company that designs and produces applications, video games, etc.

开发者, 创造者

开发者, 创造者

Ex: The company hired a team of developers for their new platform .该公司为其新平台聘请了一支**开发人员**团队。
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