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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Lumea Calculatoarelor

Aici veți învăța câteva cuvinte în limba engleză despre lumea computerelor, cum ar fi „hardware”, „input”, „crash”, etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
software
[substantiv]

the programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks

software, program software

software, program software

Ex: He uses software to keep track of his business finances .
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hardware
[substantiv]

the physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system

hardware, echipament

hardware, echipament

Ex: He opened the computer case to examine hardware inside .
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operating system
[substantiv]

the most fundamental software that manages a computer, cell phone, etc., hardware and provides a platform for running applications

sistem de operare, sistem de exploatare

sistem de operare, sistem de exploatare

Ex: He switched from a operating system to a Windows one .
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flash drive
[substantiv]

a small device used for storing data or transferring data between electronic devices

stick USB, unitate USB

stick USB, unitate USB

Ex: The IT department flash drives to employees for backing up their work files and documents .
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to add a piece of software to a computer system

instala, instalare

instala, instalare

Ex: The technician install specialized accounting software to streamline financial processes .
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input
[substantiv]

(computing) the act of inserting information into a computer

introducere, inserare

introducere, inserare

Ex: The programmer input to the application by writing code that defines its behavior and functionality .
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to load
[verb]

to move data or a program from a local storage device into the memory of a computer

a încărca, a transfera

a încărca, a transfera

Ex: The graphic designer load high-resolution images into the design software for a print project .
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(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear

actualiza, refresh-ui

actualiza, refresh-ui

Ex: Press F5 refresh the page and view the updated results .
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server
[substantiv]

a computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network

server,  dispozitiv server

server, dispozitiv server

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database
[substantiv]

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

bază de date, databază

bază de date, databază

Ex: The research project used database to store and analyze large sets of experimental data , facilitating data-driven conclusions .
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desktop
[substantiv]

an area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed

desktop, planșă de lucru

desktop, planșă de lucru

Ex: desktop was cluttered with too many icons .
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cursor
[substantiv]

a movable mark on a computer screen that indicates where the user is working

cursor, indicator

cursor, indicator

Ex: You can change the appearance of cursor in the system settings .
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to improve a machine, computer system, etc. in terms of efficiency, standards, etc.

a îmbunătăți, a actualiza

a îmbunătăți, a actualiza

Ex: The team upgraded the website to improve user experience .
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compatible
[adjectiv]

having the ability to work with different devices, machines, etc.

compatibil, compatibil cu

compatibil, compatibil cu

Ex: The new software update ensures that files created in the latest version compatible with older versions of the program .
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to crash
[verb]

(computing) to suddenly stop working

a se bloca, a cădea

a se bloca, a cădea

Ex: The crashed under heavy traffic from a popular event , making it inaccessible to users .
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down
[adjectiv]

(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly

nefuncțional, întrerupt

nefuncțional, întrerupt

Ex: The cloud storage service was down, temporarily restricting access to stored files and documents.
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to run
[verb]

(of computer programs) to function and execute its tasks

a rula, a desfășura

a rula, a desfășura

Ex: As soon as you open the file , the runs and displays the content without any delays .
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to scroll
[verb]

to move what is being displayed on a computer or smartphone screen up or down to see different parts of it

a derula, a defila

a derula, a defila

Ex: scrolled through her social media feed to catch up on the latest news .
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to cut
[verb]

to remove part of a digital text in order to put it elsewhere

a tăia, a elimina

a tăia, a elimina

Ex: The cut unnecessary details from the report to keep it within the word limit .
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command
[substantiv]

an instruction that tells a computer to perform a specific task or function

comandă, instrucțiune

comandă, instrucțiune

Ex: The command line allows you to access advanced features.
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to code
[verb]

to write a computer program using specific instructions

a codifica, a programa

a codifica, a programa

Ex: The coded a database management system to organize information efficiently .
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to use computers to perform a task or do a particular job

a computeriza, a informatiza

a computeriza, a informatiza

Ex: The restaurant computerized its ordering system to speed up service and reduce wait times .
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to make a copy of computer digital data

a face o copie de siguranță, a salva

a face o copie de siguranță, a salva

Ex: Remember back up your important files regularly .
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data processing
[substantiv]

a set of actions done on data by a computer to have a certain result

prelucrarea datelor, procesarea datelor

prelucrarea datelor, procesarea datelor

Ex: The course covers various techniques and methods used data processing to prepare students for careers in data analytics and information management .
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a field of science that deals with creating programs able to learn or copy human behavior

inteligență artificială, inteligență simulată

inteligență artificială, inteligență simulată

Ex: AI systems learn from large datasets to improve their performance.
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firewall
[substantiv]

(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data

perete de foc, firewall

perete de foc, firewall

Ex: During the network upgrade , the team tested the firewall to ensure it effectively protected against potential attacks .
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antivirus
[adjectiv]

having the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them

antivirus, antivirusant

antivirus, antivirusant

Ex: The IT department installed antivirus software on all company computers to prevent malware infections.
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machine learning
[substantiv]

a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

învățare automată, machine learning

învățare automată, machine learning

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programming
[substantiv]

the process of writing a computer program

programare, programare computerizată

programare, programare computerizată

Ex: The open-source community contributed programming projects , sharing code and improving software collaboratively .
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to handle and work with data by operating on them in a computer

a procesa, a manipula

a procesa, a manipula

Ex: The speech recognition processed the audio input , converting spoken words into text .
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virtual reality
[substantiv]

an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

realitate virtuală, realitate simulată

realitate virtuală, realitate simulată

Ex: Engineers virtual reality to visualize their designs .
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passcode
[substantiv]

a specific group of letters, numbers, etc. that one needs to enter in order to access a computer or smartphone

cod de acces, parolă

cod de acces, parolă

Ex: She forgot passcode and had to reset it to regain access to her tablet .
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application
[substantiv]

a computer program designed to perform a specific task for a user

Ex: That application isn't compatible with older systems.
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a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

memorie de acces aleator, memorie RAM

memorie de acces aleator, memorie RAM

Ex: Graphic designers benefit from ample RAM to work with large image files and render complex visual effects.
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developer
[substantiv]

a person or company that designs and produces applications, video games, etc.

dezvoltator, programator

dezvoltator, programator

Ex: The company hired a team developers for their new platform .
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