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Vocabular Esențial pentru TOEFL - Lumea Calculatoarelor

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză despre lumea calculatoarelor, cum ar fi "hardware", "input", "crash" etc., care sunt necesare pentru examenul TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
software
software
[substantiv]

the programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks

software

software

Ex: She installed new software to help design her website. 
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hardware
hardware
[substantiv]

the physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system

hardware, componente fizice

hardware, componente fizice

Ex: The technician replaced the faulty hardware to fix the computer. 
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operating system
operating system
[substantiv]

the most fundamental software that manages a computer, cell phone, etc., hardware and provides a platform for running applications

sistem de operare, OS

sistem de operare, OS

Ex: The operating system controls how the computer runs and manages applications. 
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flash drive
flash drive
[substantiv]

a small device used for storing data or transferring data between electronic devices

stick USB, unitate flash

stick USB, unitate flash

Ex: I transferred the presentation to a flash drive so that I could easily share it with my colleagues. 
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to install

to add a piece of software to a computer system

instala, monta

instala, monta

Ex: I need to install the latest version of Microsoft Office on my computer for work. 
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input
input
[substantiv]

(computing) the act of inserting information into a computer

intrare, input

intrare, input

Ex: The user typed text into the computer, providing input that the word processor used to create a document. 
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to load
to load
[verb]

to move data or a program from a local storage device into the memory of a computer

încărca, transfera

încărca, transfera

Ex: The software engineer needs to load the updated application into the server for testing. 
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to refresh

(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear

actualiza, reîmprospăta

actualiza, reîmprospăta

Ex: You need to refresh the browser to view the updated content. 
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server
server
[substantiv]

a computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network

server

server

Ex: The company's server stores all employee files and emails. 
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database
database
[substantiv]

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

bază de date, bancă de date

bază de date, bancă de date

Ex: The company's customer database contained detailed records of all client interactions and transactions. 
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desktop
desktop
[substantiv]

an area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed

desktop, ecran principal

desktop, ecran principal

Ex: The file shortcut is saved on the desktop. 
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cursor
cursor
[substantiv]

a movable mark on a computer screen that indicates where the user is working

cursor, indicator

cursor, indicator

Ex: Move the cursor to the desired location and click to select. 
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to upgrade

to improve a machine, computer system, etc. in terms of efficiency, standards, etc.

îmbunătăți, actualiza

îmbunătăți, actualiza

Ex: The company upgrades its software regularly to enhance performance. 
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compatible
compatible
[adjectiv]

having the ability to work with different devices, machines, etc.

compatibil

compatibil

Ex: The new printer is compatible with both Windows and Mac operating systems, ensuring flexibility for users. 
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to crash
to crash
[verb]

(computing) to suddenly stop working

a se bloca, a crapa

a se bloca, a crapa

Ex: The application crashed while he was saving his work, causing him to lose unsaved data. 
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down
down
[adjectiv]

(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly

nefuncțional, în jos

nefuncțional, în jos

Ex: The company's website was down for maintenance, causing inconvenience for online shoppers. 
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to run
to run
[verb]

(of computer programs) to function and execute its tasks

funcționa, executa

funcționa, executa

Ex: The computer system administrator scheduled the maintenance task to run during off-peak hours. 
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to scroll
to scroll
[verb]

to move what is being displayed on a computer or smartphone screen up or down to see different parts of it

derula, scrollui

derula, scrollui

Ex: He scrolled down the webpage to read the full article. 
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to cut
to cut
[verb]

to remove part of a digital text in order to put it elsewhere

tăia, decupa

tăia, decupa

Ex: She cut a paragraph from her essay and pasted it into the conclusion section. 
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command
command
[substantiv]

an instruction that tells a computer to perform a specific task or function

comandă, instrucțiune

comandă, instrucțiune

Ex: She entered the command to save the document before closing the application. 
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to code
to code
[verb]

to write a computer program using specific instructions

codifica, programa

codifica, programa

Ex: She coded a new software application to automate tasks at work. 
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to computerize

to use computers to perform a task or do a particular job

computeriza, utiliza calculatoarele

computeriza, utiliza calculatoarele

Ex: The company decided to computerize its inventory management system to improve efficiency. 
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to back up

to make a copy of computer digital data

a face o copie de rezervă, a salva o copie de rezervă

a face o copie de rezervă, a salva o copie de rezervă

Ex: I'll back up my important documents before the software update. 
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data processing
data processing
[substantiv]

a set of actions done on data by a computer to have a certain result

prelucrarea datelor

prelucrarea datelor

Ex: The company invested in advanced data processing software to streamline its operations and improve efficiency. 
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artificial intelligence

a field of science that deals with creating programs able to learn or copy human behavior

inteligență artificială, IA

inteligență artificială, IA

Ex: This chatbot is powered by advanced artificial intelligence. 
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firewall
firewall
[substantiv]

(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data

firewall, zid de protecție

firewall, zid de protecție

Ex: The company installed a firewall to prevent hackers from accessing sensitive data on its internal network. 
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antivirus
antivirus
[adjectiv]

having the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them

antivirus

antivirus

Ex: The new antivirus software boasts advanced features for protecting systems from malicious viruses and malware. 
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machine learning
machine learning
[substantiv]

a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

învățare automată, machine learning

învățare automată, machine learning

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programming
programming
[substantiv]

the process of writing a computer program

programare

programare

Ex: She learned programming to create custom software applications for her business. 
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to process

to handle and work with data by operating on them in a computer

procesa, manipula

procesa, manipula

Ex: The computer program processed the input data, performing calculations and generating the desired output. 
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virtual reality
virtual reality
[substantiv]

an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

realitate virtuală, lume virtuală

realitate virtuală, lume virtuală

Ex: Virtual reality allows users to explore immersive 3D worlds. 
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passcode
passcode
[substantiv]

a specific group of letters, numbers, etc. that one needs to enter in order to access a computer or smartphone

cod de acces, parolă

cod de acces, parolă

Ex: He quickly entered his passcode to unlock his smartphone and check the messages. 
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application
application
[substantiv]

a computer program designed to perform a specific task for a user

aplicație, program

aplicație, program

Ex: I installed a photo editing application on my laptop. 
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random-access memory

a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

memorie cu acces aleator, RAM

memorie cu acces aleator, RAM

Ex: The new gaming laptop boasts 16GB of RAM for smooth multitasking and faster loading times. 
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developer
developer
[substantiv]

a person or company that designs and produces applications, video games, etc.

dezvoltator, creator

dezvoltator, creator

Ex: The developer released a new update for the popular app. 
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