Vocabulário Essencial para o TOEFL - O mundo da informática

the programs that a computer uses to perform specific tasks

software

the physical and electronic parts of a computer or other similar system

hardware, equipamentos

the most fundamental software that manages a computer, cell phone, etc., hardware and provides a platform for running applications

sistema operativo, SO

a small device used for storing data or transferring data between electronic devices

pen drive, unidade flash

to add a piece of software to a computer system

instalar, configurar

(computing) the act of inserting information into a computer

entrada, input

to move data or a program from a local storage device into the memory of a computer

carregar, importar

(computing) to update a display, internet page, etc. and make the most recent information appear

atualizar, refrescar

a computer that gives other computers access to files and information in a network

servidor

a large structure of data stored in a computer that makes accessing necessary information easier

banco de dados, sistema de dados

an area on a computer where the icons of programs are displayed

aresta de trabalho, desktop

a movable mark on a computer screen that indicates where the user is working

cursor

to improve a machine, computer system, etc. in terms of efficiency, standards, etc.

melhorar, atualizar

having the ability to work with different devices, machines, etc.

compatível, congruente

(computing) to suddenly stop working

travamento, parar

(of a computer system) not working temporarily or properly

fora do ar, inativo

(of computer programs) to function and execute its tasks

executar, funcionar

to move what is being displayed on a computer or smartphone screen up or down to see different parts of it

rolar, deslizar

to remove part of a digital text in order to put it elsewhere

cortar, remover

an instruction that tells a computer to perform a specific task or function

comando, instrução

to write a computer program using specific instructions

codificar, programar

to use computers to perform a task or do a particular job

computadorizar, digitalizar

to make a copy of computer digital data

fazer backup, realizar cópia de segurança

a set of actions done on data by a computer to have a certain result

processamento de dados, tratamento de dados

a field of science that deals with creating programs able to learn or copy human behavior

inteligência artificial, IA

(computing) a computer program whose task is providing protection against cyber attacks by limiting outside access of data

firewall, parede de fogo

having the ability to protect a system from viruses by finding and destroying them

antivírus, anti-vírus

a branch of artificial intelligence where computers learn how to perform specific operations without previous instructions

aprendizado de máquina, machine learning

the process of writing a computer program

programação

to handle and work with data by operating on them in a computer

processar, lidar com dados

an artificial environment generated by a computer that makes the user think what they are seeing or hearing is real, by using a special headphone and a helmet that displays the generated environment

realidade virtual, virtualidade

a specific group of letters, numbers, etc. that one needs to enter in order to access a computer or smartphone

código de acesso, senha

a piece of software programed to perform a specific task

programa de aplicação, aplicativo

a type of computer memory tasked with temporarily storing data for a quicker access

memória de acesso aleatório, RAM

a person or company that designs and produces applications, video games, etc.