Stone age
[noun]
the early period of human history when people used things such as stone, horn, bone, etc. to make tools
Ex:
Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - History
Here you will learn some English words about history, such as "prehistory", "jurassic", "chronicle", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.
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flashcard
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ice age
[noun]
one of the periods in history when ice covered large parts of the world
Ex:
Scientists
study
ice
cores
to
understand
the
climate changes
that
occurred
during
the
ice age
.
antiquity
[noun]
the historical period before the Middle Ages, especially before the sixth century when Greeks and Romans were the most prosperous
Ex:
The
art
and
architecture
of
antiquity
,
such as
the
Parthenon
in
Athens
and
the
Colosseum
in
Rome
,
continue
to
inspire
awe
and
admiration
today
.
dark ages
[noun]
the era in European history commenced at the end of the Roman Empire in AD 476 and lasted until AD 1000
the Middle Ages
[noun]
an era in European history, between about AD 1000 and AD 1500, when the authority of kings, people of high rank, and the Christian Church was unquestionable
Ex:
The
Middle Ages
saw
the
spread
of
Gothic architecture
,
evident
in
the
grand
cathedrals
built
during
this
time
.
Iron Age
[noun]
the period that began about 1100 BC when people used iron tools for the first time
Ex:
The
discovery
of
iron-smelting
techniques
allowed
Iron Age
cultures
to
produce
stronger
and more
efficient
tools
.
Bronze Age
[noun]
the period when iron was not discovered and people used bronze to make tools
Ex:
Archaeologists
uncovered
a
Bronze Age
burial site
,
revealing
intricate
jewelry
and
weapons
crafted
from
bronze
.
paleontology
[noun]
the branch of science that studies fossils
Ex:
The
university
offers
a
paleontology
course
that
covers
the
study
of
fossils
,
evolutionary
biology
,
and
ancient
ecosystems
.
jurassic
[adjective]
relating to the period between around 208 to 146 million years ago, when the largest known dinosaurs lived
cretaceous
[adjective]
relating to the period between approximately 146 and 65 million years ago, when dinosaurs lived (until their extinction)
hellenistic
[adjective]
relating to Greek history, language, and culture, especially the era from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony in 31 BC, during which Greek culture thrived considerably
Enlightenment
[noun]
a philosophical movement in the late 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason and science were of more importance than tradition and religion
Ex:
archaic
[adjective]
dating back to the ancient past
Ex:
The
archaic
weaponry
,
such as
spears
and
shields
,
was
used
by
warriors
in
ancient
battles
.
barbarian
[noun]
a person belonging to a people or group regarded as uncivilized, foreign, or outside the dominant culture
Ex:
to chronicle
[verb]
to record a series of historical events in a detailed way by a chronological order
Ex:
The
documentary
filmmaker
chronicles
the
evolution
of
jazz
music
in
America
.
anachronism
[noun]
something occurring at a time when it could not have existed or happened
Ex:
That
law
was
cited
centuries
before
it
was
written
,
an
obvious
anachronism
.
archeology
[noun]
the study of civilizations of the past and historical periods by the excavation of sites and the analysis of artifacts and other physical remains
Ex:
colony
[noun]
any territory under the full or partial control of another more powerful nation, often occupied by settlers from that nation
ruin
[noun]
(plural) the remains of something such as a building after it has been seriously damaged or destroyed
Ex:
The
archaeologists
worked
to
preserve
the
historical
ruins
.
tsar
[noun]
the king or emperor of Russia prior to 1917
Ex:
Peter
the
Great
,
also known as
Peter
the
Great
,
is
credited
with
modernizing
Russia
and
expanding
its
territories
during
his
reign
as
tsar
.
the Commonwealth
[noun]
the political structure during a period in the history of the UK between 1649 and 1660, called the interregnum, during which the country was ruled without a king or queen
Ex: