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Humaniora ACT - Hukum dan Kewajiban

Pelajari kosakata humaniora ACT untuk hukum dan kewajiban, termasuk aturan, tugas, hak, tanggung jawab hukum, perjanjian, persyaratan, dan kepatuhan.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
proceeding
proceeding
[Kata benda]

the formal process or legal action taken within a court to resolve a dispute, administer justice, etc.

prosedur,  proses

prosedur, proses

Ex: The court proceeding lasted for several weeks as both sides presented their arguments and evidence. 
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affidavit
affidavit
[Kata benda]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

pernyataan di bawah sumpah, afidavit

pernyataan di bawah sumpah, afidavit

Ex: Before submitting the document to the court, the attorney carefully reviewed the affidavit to ensure its accuracy and completeness. 

Sebelum menyerahkan dokumen ke pengadilan, pengacara dengan hati-hati meninjau affidavit untuk memastikan keakuratan dan kelengkapannya.

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testimony
testimony
[Kata benda]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

kesaksian, pernyataan

kesaksian, pernyataan

Ex: Her testimony was crucial in establishing the defendant's guilt. 
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accusation
accusation
[Kata benda]

the act of blaming and charging someone for their wrong act

tuduhan,  dakwaan

tuduhan, dakwaan

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ruling
ruling
[Kata benda]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

keputusan, putusan

keputusan, putusan

Ex: The Supreme Court's ruling on the case set a precedent for future privacy rights. 
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felony
felony
[Kata benda]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

kejahatan berat, felony

kejahatan berat, felony

Ex: The suspect was arrested and charged with a felony after being found in possession of illegal firearms. 

Tersangka ditangkap dan didakwa dengan kejahatan berat setelah ditemukan memiliki senjata ilegal.

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parole
parole
[Kata benda]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

pembebasan bersyarat

pembebasan bersyarat

Ex: While on parole, individuals must comply with strict rules and regulations, including regular check-ins with a parole officer. 

Saat dalam pembebasan bersyarat, individu harus mematuhi aturan dan peraturan ketat, termasuk check-in rutin dengan petugas pembebasan bersyarat.

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penalty
penalty
[Kata benda]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

hukuman, denda

hukuman, denda

Ex: If you fail to file your taxes on time, you will incur a penalty. 
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libel
libel
[Kata benda]

a published false statement that damages a person's reputation

fitnah, pencemaran nama baik

fitnah, pencemaran nama baik

Ex: The journalist faced charges of libel for falsely accusing the businessman of fraud in an article. 

Wartawan itu menghadapi tuduhan pencemaran nama baik karena menuduh pengusaha itu melakukan penipuan dalam sebuah artikel.

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infraction
infraction
[Kata benda]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

pelanggaran,  kejahatan

pelanggaran, kejahatan

Ex: Students caught cheating on exams face consequences ranging from a warning to expulsion, depending on the severity of the infraction. 

Siswa yang ketahuan menyontek dalam ujian menghadapi konsekuensi mulai dari peringatan hingga dikeluarkan, tergantung pada tingkat keparahan pelanggaran.

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trustee
trustee
[Kata benda]

a person or organization legally responsible for managing property or money for the benefit of another

wali amanat,  pengelola

wali amanat, pengelola

Ex: The trustee must act in the best interests of the beneficiaries. 
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counterclaim
counterclaim
[Kata benda]

a response in court, stating an opposing demand

tuntutan balik, klaim tandingan

tuntutan balik, klaim tandingan

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offender
offender
[Kata benda]

a person who commits a crime or other illegal act

pelaku kejahatan,  pelanggar

pelaku kejahatan, pelanggar

Ex: Emma works with programs designed to rehabilitate young offenders. 
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infringement
infringement
[Kata benda]

an action that is against a law. regulation, or agreement

pelanggaran,  penyalahgunaan

pelanggaran, penyalahgunaan

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advocate
advocate
[Kata benda]

a lawyer who represents or pleads on behalf of a client in a court of law

advokat,  pembela

advokat, pembela

Ex: Daniel works as an advocate specializing in commercial law. 
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verdict
verdict
[Kata benda]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

putusan,  vonis

putusan, vonis

Ex: Emma waited anxiously for the jury's verdict. 
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acquittal
acquittal
[Kata benda]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

pembebasan, pengabsahan

pembebasan, pengabsahan

Ex: The defense attorney argued persuasively, leading to the acquittal of their client despite the prosecution's case. 

Pengacara pembela berargumen dengan meyakinkan, mengakibatkan pembebasan klien mereka meskipun ada kasus penuntutan.

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reformatory
reformatory
[Kata benda]

an institution designed to reform or rehabilitate young offenders rather than simply punish them

lembaga pemasyarakatan, rumah pembinaan

lembaga pemasyarakatan, rumah pembinaan

Ex: The judge believed the young offender would benefit more from time in a reformatory than in a traditional prison. 

Hakim percaya bahwa pelanggar muda akan lebih diuntungkan dengan menghabiskan waktu di lembaga pemasyarakatan daripada di penjara tradisional.

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penitentiary
penitentiary
[Kata benda]

a prison or correctional facility where individuals convicted of serious crimes are confined and undergo rehabilitation

penjara, lembaga pemasyarakatan

penjara, lembaga pemasyarakatan

Ex: The governor visited the penitentiary to inspect the conditions and speak with inmates. 

Gubernur mengunjungi penjara untuk memeriksa kondisi dan berbicara dengan narapidana.

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statutory
statutory
[Adjektiva]

according to or allowed by law

hukum, statuter

hukum, statuter

Ex: Employers must adhere to statutory requirements regarding minimum wage and working hours. 

Majikan harus mematuhi persyaratan hukum mengenai upah minimum dan jam kerja.

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judicial
judicial
[Adjektiva]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

yudisial

yudisial

Ex: The judicial system ensures fair treatment and due process for all individuals involved in legal proceedings. 

Sistem peradilan memastikan perlakuan yang adil dan proses yang semestinya bagi semua individu yang terlibat dalam proses hukum.

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indeterminate
indeterminate
[Adjektiva]

(of a judicial sentence) establishing a range of time within which the offender will serve their sentence, with the possibility of early release

tidak tentu, dengan jangka waktu tidak tentu

tidak tentu, dengan jangka waktu tidak tentu

Ex: Indeterminate sentencing aims to balance punishment with rehabilitation. 

Hukuman tidak tentu bertujuan untuk menyeimbangkan hukuman dengan rehabilitasi.

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to indict
to indict
[kata kerja]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

menuduh, mengadili

menuduh, mengadili

Ex: The district attorney may choose to indict individuals involved in public corruption. 

Jaksa distrik dapat memilih untuk menuduh individu yang terlibat dalam korupsi publik.

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to banish
to banish
[kata kerja]

to force someone to leave a country, often as a form of punishment or to keep them away

mengusir, membuang

mengusir, membuang

Ex: The king decided to banish the traitor from the kingdom for his treachery. 

Raja memutuskan untuk mengusir pengkhianat dari kerajaan karena pengkhianatannya.

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to slander
to slander
[kata kerja]

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

memfitnah, menghina

memfitnah, menghina

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to exile
to exile
[kata kerja]

to force someone to leave their home or country and live elsewhere

mengasingkan, membuang

mengasingkan, membuang

Ex: Maria's grandfather was exiled from his homeland for political reasons. 
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to outlaw
to outlaw
[kata kerja]

to officially state that something is illegal

melarang, menyatakan ilegal

melarang, menyatakan ilegal

Ex: The new legislation sought to outlaw discrimination based on gender, race, and sexual orientation. 

Undang-undang baru bertujuan untuk melarang diskriminasi berdasarkan gender, ras, dan orientasi seksual.

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to waive
to waive
[kata kerja]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

melepaskan, mengalah

melepaskan, mengalah

Ex: She waived her claim to the inheritance. 

Dia menggugurkan klaimnya atas warisan.

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to authorize
to authorize
[kata kerja]

to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.

mengizinkan, menyetujui

mengizinkan, menyetujui

Ex: The city council authorized the construction of a new public park in the downtown area. 

Dewan kota mengizinkan pembangunan taman umum baru di pusat kota.

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to enact
to enact
[kata kerja]

to approve a proposed law

mengesahkan, memberlakukan

mengesahkan, memberlakukan

Ex: The city council will convene to discuss and possibly enact a zoning ordinance. 

Dewan kota akan berkumpul untuk membahas dan mungkin mengesahkan peraturan zonasi.

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to convict
to convict
[kata kerja]

to officially find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

menghukum

menghukum

Ex: James was convicted of robbery and later sentenced to five years in prison. 
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to execute
to execute
[kata kerja]

to kill someone as a legal punishment

menghukum mati

menghukum mati

Ex: The state executed the convicted murderer shortly after midnight. 
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to prosecute
to prosecute
[kata kerja]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

menuntut, mengadili

menuntut, mengadili

Ex: The prosecutor’s office chose not to prosecute, citing insufficient evidence. 
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to arbitrate
to arbitrate
[kata kerja]

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

menjadi arbiter, memediasi

menjadi arbiter, memediasi

Ex: The HR manager was called upon to arbitrate the dispute between two employees. 

Manajer SDM diminta untuk menjadi penengah dalam perselisihan antara dua karyawan.

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non-disclosure agreement

a legally binding contract between parties, typically individuals or businesses, that outlines confidential information that the parties agree not to disclose to others

perjanjian kerahasiaan, kontrak tidak mengungkapkan

perjanjian kerahasiaan, kontrak tidak mengungkapkan

Ex: As part of the hiring process, prospective employees were asked to sign a non-disclosure agreement. 

Sebagai bagian dari proses perekrutan, calon karyawan diminta untuk menandatangani perjanjian kerahasiaan.

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confidentiality
confidentiality
[Kata benda]

the assurance that sensitive information will not be divulged without proper consent

kerahasiaan, rahasia profesional

kerahasiaan, rahasia profesional

Ex: The confidentiality of classified government documents is crucial for national security. 

Kerahasiaan dokumen pemerintah yang diklasifikasikan sangat penting untuk keamanan nasional.

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obligation
obligation
[Kata benda]

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

kewajiban, tanggung jawab

kewajiban, tanggung jawab

Ex: Paying taxes is a civic obligation that supports public services and infrastructure. 
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provision
provision
[Kata benda]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

ketentuan,  klausul

ketentuan, klausul

Ex: The contract includes a provision for early termination with a penalty. 
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inviolable
inviolable
[Adjektiva]

unable to be broken or dishonored, often due to its importance or protection by law or custom

tidak dapat dilanggar, suci

tidak dapat dilanggar, suci

Ex: The nation's constitution is considered an inviolable document, safeguarding the rights of its citizens. 

Konstitusi bangsa dianggap sebagai dokumen tak tergoyahkan, yang melindungi hak-hak warganya.

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to exempt
to exempt
[kata kerja]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

membebaskan, mengecualikan

membebaskan, mengecualikan

Ex: The law provides provisions to exempt certain religious practices from certain regulations. 

Undang-undang memberikan ketentuan untuk mengecualikan praktik keagamaan tertentu dari peraturan tertentu.

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to commit
to commit
[kata kerja]

to state that one is bound to do something specific

berkomitmen, berjanji

berkomitmen, berjanji

Ex: In response to the crisis, the humanitarian organization committed to providing emergency relief and support to affected communities. 
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to entrust
to entrust
[kata kerja]

to give someone the responsibility of taking care of something important, such as a task, duty, or information

mempercayakan, menitipkan

mempercayakan, menitipkan

Ex: The company has recently entrusted the development of a new product to a skilled team. 

Perusahaan baru-baru ini mempercayakan pengembangan produk baru kepada tim yang terampil.

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to pledge
to pledge
[kata kerja]

to bind oneself or someone else by a formal promise or agreement

berjanji, mengikat

berjanji, mengikat

Ex: The agreement pledged both parties to cooperate. 
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