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العلوم الإنسانية ACT - القانون والالتزامات

تعلم مفردات العلوم الإنسانية لاختبار ACT المتعلقة بالقانون والالتزامات، بما في ذلك القواعد والواجبات والحقوق والمسؤوليات القانونية والاتفاقيات والمتطلبات والامتثال.

مراجعة

بطاقات الفلاش

الصيغ

الهجاء

اختبار قصير

ابدأ التعلم
ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
proceeding
proceeding
[اسم]

the formal process or legal action taken within a court to resolve a dispute, administer justice, etc.

إجراء,  محاكمة

إجراء, محاكمة

Ex: During the criminal proceeding, the defendant exercised their right to remain silent. 
affidavit
affidavit
[اسم]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

إفادة خطية تحت القسم, أفيدافيت

إفادة خطية تحت القسم, أفيدافيت

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences, including perjury charges. 

تزوير المعلومات في إفادة خطية يمكن أن يؤدي إلى عواقب قانونية خطيرة، بما في ذلك تهمة الحنث باليمين.

testimony
testimony
[اسم]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

شهادة, إفادة

شهادة, إفادة

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their testimony. 
accusation
accusation
[اسم]

the act of blaming and charging someone for their wrong act

اتهام,  تهمة

اتهام, تهمة

ruling
ruling
[اسم]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

قرار, حكم

قرار, حكم

Ex: Citizens protested against the government's ruling to increase taxes without public consultation. 
felony
felony
[اسم]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

جناية, جريمة خطيرة

جناية, جريمة خطيرة

Ex: His criminal record showed multiple felonies, making it difficult for him to find employment after his release from prison. 

أظهر سجله الجنائي عدة جرائم خطيرة، مما جعل من الصعب عليه العثور على عمل بعد إطلاق سراحه من السجن.

parole
parole
[اسم]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

إطلاق سراح مشروط

إطلاق سراح مشروط

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism. 

الإفراج المشروط يقدم للمجرمين فرصة لإعادة التأهيل وإعادة الاندماج في المجتمع تحت الإشراف، بهدف تقليل العود.

penalty
penalty
[اسم]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

عقوبة, جزاء

عقوبة, جزاء

Ex: She faced a harsh penalty for her involvement in the illegal activity. 
libel
libel
[اسم]

a published false statement that damages a person's reputation

القذف, الافتراء

القذف, الافتراء

Ex: The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, awarding damages for the emotional distress and financial loss caused by the libel. 

حكمت المحكمة لصالح المدعي، ومنحت تعويضات عن الضيق العاطفي والخسارة المالية الناجمة عن القذف.

infraction
infraction
[اسم]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

مخالفة,  جريمة

مخالفة, جريمة

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy for infractions of its code of conduct, enforcing strict penalties for violations. 

الشركة لديها سياسة عدم تسامح مطلق مع المخالفات لقانون السلوك الخاص بها، وتطبق عقوبات صارمة على المخالفات.

trustee
trustee
[اسم]

a person or organization legally responsible for managing property or money for the benefit of another

أمين,  وصي

أمين, وصي

Ex: The court replaced the trustee after concerns about the management of the assets. 
counterclaim
counterclaim
[اسم]

a response in court, stating an opposing demand

مطالبة مضادة, طلب مقابِل

مطالبة مضادة, طلب مقابِل

offender
offender
[اسم]

a person who commits a crime or other illegal act

Ex: The court ordered the offender to pay compensation. 
infringement
infringement
[اسم]

an action that is against a law. regulation, or agreement

انتهاك,  خرق

انتهاك, خرق

advocate
advocate
[اسم]

a lawyer who represents or pleads on behalf of a client in a court of law

محامٍ,  مدافع

محامٍ, مدافع

Ex: She consulted an advocate before the hearing began. 
verdict
verdict
[اسم]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

Ex: After hours of discussion, the jury reached a unanimous verdict. 
acquittal
acquittal
[اسم]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

تبرئة, إطلاق سراح

تبرئة, إطلاق سراح

Ex: Following the acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life. 

بعد البراءة، تم إطلاق سراح المتهم من الحجز وسُمح له باستئناف حياته الطبيعية.

reformatory
reformatory
[اسم]

an institution designed to reform or rehabilitate young offenders rather than simply punish them

مصلحة إصلاحية, مؤسسة إصلاحية

مصلحة إصلاحية, مؤسسة إصلاحية

Ex: Graduates of the reformatory often speak about how the experience helped them turn their lives around. 

غالبًا ما يتحدث خريجو مصلحة الإصلاح عن كيف ساعدتهم التجربة على تغيير حياتهم.

penitentiary
penitentiary
[اسم]

a prison or correctional facility where individuals convicted of serious crimes are confined and undergo rehabilitation

سجن, مؤسسة إصلاحية

سجن, مؤسسة إصلاحية

Ex: The penitentiary is located on the outskirts of the city, surrounded by high walls and guard towers. 

يقع السجن في ضواحي المدينة، محاطًا بجدران عالية وأبراج حراسة.

statutory
statutory
[صفة]

according to or allowed by law

قانوني, نظامي

قانوني, نظامي

Ex: Tax deductions are subject to statutory limits set forth in the Internal Revenue Code. 

الخصومات الضريبية تخضع لحدود قانونية منصوص عليها في قانون الإيرادات الداخلية.

judicial
judicial
[صفة]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

قضائي

قضائي

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities. 

يلعب المحامون دورًا حاسمًا في تقديم الحجج والأدلة أمام السلطات القضائية.

indeterminate

(of a judicial sentence) establishing a range of time within which the offender will serve their sentence, with the possibility of early release

غير محدد, لفترة غير محددة

غير محدد, لفترة غير محددة

Ex: An indeterminate sentence allows for the possibility of early release, contingent upon the offender's behavior. 

حكم غير محدد يسمح بإمكانية الإفراج المبكر، بناءً على سلوك الجاني.

to indict
to indict
[فعل]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

يتهم, يحاكم

يتهم, يحاكم

Ex: The investigators are currently indicting the suspect for money laundering. 

المحققون يتهمون المشتبه به حاليا بغسل الأموال.

to banish
to banish
[فعل]

to force someone to leave a country, often as a form of punishment or to keep them away

نفي, طرد

نفي, طرد

Ex: After the war, many defeated soldiers were banished from their homeland. 

بعد الحرب، تم نفي العديد من الجنود المهزومين من وطنهم.

to slander
to slander
[فعل]

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

افتراء, تشهير

افتراء, تشهير

to exile
to exile
[فعل]

to force someone to leave their home or country and live elsewhere

ينفي, يُبعد

ينفي, يُبعد

Ex: After taking power, the general began exiling prominent opponents. 
to outlaw
to outlaw
[فعل]

to officially state that something is illegal

حظر, تجرّم

حظر, تجرّم

Ex: To address concerns about privacy, the government moved to outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices. 

لمعالجة المخاوف بشأن الخصوصية، تحرك الحكومة لحظر بعض ممارسات المراقبة المتطفلة.

to waive
to waive
[فعل]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

يتنازل, يتخلى

يتنازل, يتخلى

Ex: They waived the rules for this special case. 

لقد تنازلوا عن القواعد لهذه الحالة الخاصة.

to authorize
to authorize
[فعل]

to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.

يصرح, يوافق

يصرح, يوافق

Ex: Banks often require customers to authorize certain transactions through a signature or other verification methods. 

غالبًا ما تطلب البنوك من العملاء تفويض معاملات معينة من خلال توقيع أو طرق تحقق أخرى.

to enact
to enact
[فعل]

to approve a proposed law

يقر, يصادق

يقر, يصادق

Ex: The government is currently enacting emergency measures in response to the crisis. 

الحكومة تقوم حالياً بإقرار إجراءات طارئة استجابة للأزمة.

to convict
to convict
[فعل]

to officially find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

إدانة

إدانة

Ex: She has been convicted twice for driving under the influence. 
to execute
to execute
[فعل]

to kill someone as a legal punishment

يعدم

يعدم

Ex: She became the first woman to be executed in the country for decades. 
to prosecute
to prosecute
[فعل]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

محاكمة, اتهام

محاكمة, اتهام

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case, ensuring every legal angle was covered. 

وظف خبيرًا للمساعدة في محاكمة القضية، مما يضمن تغطية كل زاوية قانونية.

to arbitrate
to arbitrate
[فعل]

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

يحكم, يتوسط

يحكم, يتوسط

Ex: The parents asked their older child to arbitrate the argument between their younger siblings. 

طلب الوالدان من طفلهما الأكبر التحكيم في النزاع بين إخوته الأصغر سنًا.

non-disclosure agreement

a legally binding contract between parties, typically individuals or businesses, that outlines confidential information that the parties agree not to disclose to others

اتفاقية عدم الإفصاح, عقد السرية

اتفاقية عدم الإفصاح, عقد السرية

Ex: Before entering into negotiations, both parties agreed to sign a non-disclosure agreement. 

قبل الدخول في المفاوضات، وافق الطرفان على توقيع اتفاقية عدم إفشاء.

confidentiality

the assurance that sensitive information will not be divulged without proper consent

السرية, السرية المهنية

السرية, السرية المهنية

Ex: The therapist assured the client of complete confidentiality during counseling sessions to foster trust. 

أكد المعالج للعميل على السرية التامة خلال جلسات الاستشارة لتعزيز الثقة.

obligation
obligation
[اسم]

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

التزام, واجب

التزام, واجب

Ex: Signing the lease created a legal obligation for them to pay rent on time each month. 
provision
provision
[اسم]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

شرط,  بند

شرط, بند

Ex: The lease has a provision that prohibits subletting without the landlord's approval. 
inviolable
inviolable
[صفة]

unable to be broken or dishonored, often due to its importance or protection by law or custom

غير قابل للانتهاك, مصون

غير قابل للانتهاك, مصون

Ex: The peace treaty established inviolable borders between the two countries. 

أنشأت معاهدة السلام حدودًا غير قابلة للانتهاك بين البلدين.

to exempt
to exempt
[فعل]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

إعفاء, إستثناء

إعفاء, إستثناء

Ex: The government may exempt certain charitable organizations from paying income taxes. 
to commit
to commit
[فعل]

to state that one is bound to do something specific

يلتزم, يتعهد

يلتزم, يتعهد

Ex: Team members committed to meeting the deadline. 
to entrust
to entrust
[فعل]

to give someone the responsibility of taking care of something important, such as a task, duty, or information

يُوكل, يعهد

يُوكل, يعهد

Ex: The CEO chose to entrust the company's vision to the capable hands of the executive team. 

اختار الرئيس التنفيذي أن يعهد برؤية الشركة إلى الأيدي الكفؤة لفريق الإدارة.

to pledge
to pledge
[فعل]

to bind oneself or someone else by a formal promise or agreement

تعهد, ألزم

تعهد, ألزم

Ex: The members pledged themselves to follow the organization's rules. 
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