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Umanistiche ACT - Legge e Obblighi

Impara il vocabolario di scienze umane dell'ACT per diritto e obblighi, incluse regole, doveri, diritti, responsabilità legali, accordi, requisiti e conformità.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
proceeding
proceeding
[sostantivo]

the formal process or legal action taken within a court to resolve a dispute, administer justice, etc.

procedura,  processo

procedura, processo

Ex: The administrative proceeding addressed complaints regarding environmental violations by the company. 
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affidavit
affidavit
[sostantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

affidavit

affidavit

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences, including perjury charges. 

Falsificare informazioni in un affidavit può comportare gravi conseguenze legali, comprese accuse di spergiuro.

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testimony
testimony
[sostantivo]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

testimonianza

testimonianza

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their testimony. 
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accusation
accusation
[sostantivo]

the act of blaming and charging someone for their wrong act

accusa,  imputazione

accusa, imputazione

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ruling
ruling
[sostantivo]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

dominante

dominante

Ex: The school board's ruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students. 
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felony
felony
[sostantivo]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

crimine

crimine

Ex: His criminal record showed multiple felonies, making it difficult for him to find employment after his release from prison. 

Il suo casellario giudiziario mostrava diversi reati gravi, rendendogli difficile trovare lavoro dopo il rilascio dal carcere.

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parole
parole
[sostantivo]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

libertà condizionale

libertà condizionale

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism. 

La libertà condizionale offre ai delinquenti l'opportunità di riabilitazione e reintegrazione nella società sotto supervisione, con l'obiettivo di ridurre la recidiva.

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penalty
penalty
[sostantivo]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

penalità, sanzione

penalità, sanzione

Ex: He was given a penalty for breaking the terms of his contract. 
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libel
libel
[sostantivo]

a published false statement that damages a person's reputation

diffamazione

diffamazione

Ex: The court ruled in favor of the plaintiff, awarding damages for the emotional distress and financial loss caused by the libel. 

Il tribunale ha deciso a favore dell'attore, assegnando un risarcimento per il disagio emotivo e la perdita finanziaria causati dalla diffamazione.

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infraction
infraction
[sostantivo]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

infrazione

infrazione

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy for infractions of its code of conduct, enforcing strict penalties for violations. 

L'azienda ha una politica di tolleranza zero per le infrazioni del suo codice di condotta, applicando sanzioni rigorose per le violazioni.

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trustee
trustee
[sostantivo]

a person or organization legally responsible for managing property or money for the benefit of another

amministratore fiduciario

amministratore fiduciario

Ex: The court replaced the trustee after concerns about the management of the assets. 
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counterclaim
counterclaim
[sostantivo]

a response in court, stating an opposing demand

controricorso, domanda riconvenzionale

controricorso, domanda riconvenzionale

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offender
offender
[sostantivo]

a person who commits a crime or other illegal act

trasgressore

trasgressore

Ex: The court ordered the offender to pay compensation. 
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infringement
infringement
[sostantivo]

an action that is against a law. regulation, or agreement

violazione

violazione

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advocate
advocate
[sostantivo]

a lawyer who represents or pleads on behalf of a client in a court of law

avvocato

avvocato

Ex: She consulted an advocate before the hearing began. 
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verdict
verdict
[sostantivo]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

verdetto

verdetto

Ex: After hours of discussion, the jury reached a unanimous verdict. 
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acquittal
acquittal
[sostantivo]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

assoluzione

assoluzione

Ex: Following the acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life. 

In seguito all'assoluzione, l'imputato è stato rilasciato dalla custodia e gli è stato permesso di riprendere la sua vita normale.

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reformatory
reformatory
[sostantivo]

an institution designed to reform or rehabilitate young offenders rather than simply punish them

riformatorio, istituto di rieducazione

riformatorio, istituto di rieducazione

Ex: Graduates of the reformatory often speak about how the experience helped them turn their lives around. 

I laureati del riformatorio spesso parlano di come l'esperienza li abbia aiutati a cambiare vita.

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penitentiary
penitentiary
[sostantivo]

a prison or correctional facility where individuals convicted of serious crimes are confined and undergo rehabilitation

penitenziario, istituto penitenziario

penitenziario, istituto penitenziario

Ex: The penitentiary is located on the outskirts of the city, surrounded by high walls and guard towers. 

Il penitenziario si trova alla periferia della città, circondato da alte mura e torri di guardia.

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statutory
statutory
[aggettivo]

according to or allowed by law

statutario

statutario

Ex: Tax deductions are subject to statutory limits set forth in the Internal Revenue Code. 

Le detrazioni fiscali sono soggette a limiti legali stabiliti nel Codice delle Entrate.

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judicial
judicial
[aggettivo]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

giudiziario

giudiziario

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities. 

Gli avvocati svolgono un ruolo cruciale nel presentare argomenti e prove davanti alle autorità giudiziarie.

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indeterminate
indeterminate
[aggettivo]

(of a judicial sentence) establishing a range of time within which the offender will serve their sentence, with the possibility of early release

indeterminato, a durata indeterminata

indeterminato, a durata indeterminata

Ex: An indeterminate sentence allows for the possibility of early release, contingent upon the offender's behavior. 

Una condanna indeterminata consente la possibilità di una liberazione anticipata, a seconda del comportamento del trasgressore.

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to indict
to indict
[Verbo]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

incriminare, accusare

incriminare, accusare

Ex: The investigators are currently indicting the suspect for money laundering. 

Gli investigatori stanno attualmente incriminando il sospettato per riciclaggio di denaro.

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to banish
to banish
[Verbo]

to force someone to leave a country, often as a form of punishment or to keep them away

bandire, esiliare

bandire, esiliare

Ex: The king decided to banish the traitor from the kingdom for his treachery. 

Il re decise di bandire il traditore dal regno per il suo tradimento.

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to slander
to slander
[Verbo]

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

calunniare

calunniare

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to exile
to exile
[Verbo]

to force someone to leave their home or country and live elsewhere

esiliare

esiliare

Ex: After taking power, the general began exiling prominent opponents. 
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to outlaw
to outlaw
[Verbo]

to officially state that something is illegal

bandire

bandire

Ex: To address concerns about privacy, the government moved to outlaw certain intrusive surveillance practices. 

Per affrontare le preoccupazioni riguardanti la privacy, il governo ha deciso di vietare alcune pratiche di sorveglianza intrusive.

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to waive
to waive
[Verbo]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

rinunciare, cedere

rinunciare, cedere

Ex: They waived the rules for this special case. 

Hanno rinunciato alle regole per questo caso speciale.

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to authorize

to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.

autorizzare

autorizzare

Ex: Banks often require customers to authorize certain transactions through a signature or other verification methods. 

Le banche spesso richiedono ai clienti di autorizzare determinate transazioni attraverso una firma o altri metodi di verifica.

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to enact
to enact
[Verbo]

to approve a proposed law

convertire in legge

convertire in legge

Ex: The government is currently enacting emergency measures in response to the crisis. 

Il governo sta approvando misure di emergenza in risposta alla crisi.

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to convict
to convict
[Verbo]

to officially find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

condannare

condannare

Ex: She has been convicted twice for driving under the influence. 
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to execute
to execute
[Verbo]

to kill someone as a legal punishment

giustiziare

giustiziare

Ex: She became the first woman to be executed in the country for decades. 
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to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

perseguire a termini di legge

perseguire a termini di legge

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case, ensuring every legal angle was covered. 

Ha assunto un esperto per aiutare a perseguire il caso, assicurandosi che ogni aspetto legale fosse coperto.

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to arbitrate

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

arbitrare

arbitrare

Ex: The parents asked their older child to arbitrate the argument between their younger siblings. 

I genitori hanno chiesto al loro figlio maggiore di arbitrare la discussione tra i loro fratelli minori.

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non-disclosure agreement

a legally binding contract between parties, typically individuals or businesses, that outlines confidential information that the parties agree not to disclose to others

accordo di riservatezza, contratto di non divulgazione

accordo di riservatezza, contratto di non divulgazione

Ex: Before entering into negotiations, both parties agreed to sign a non-disclosure agreement. 

Prima di entrare in trattative, entrambe le parti hanno concordato di firmare un accordo di riservatezza.

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confidentiality
confidentiality
[sostantivo]

the assurance that sensitive information will not be divulged without proper consent

riservatezza, segreto professionale

riservatezza, segreto professionale

Ex: The therapist assured the client of complete confidentiality during counseling sessions to foster trust. 

Il terapista ha assicurato al cliente una completa riservatezza durante le sedute di consulenza per favorire la fiducia.

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obligation
obligation
[sostantivo]

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

obbligo

obbligo

Ex: Attending the meeting was not just a suggestion but an obligation for all department heads. 
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provision
provision
[sostantivo]

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

fornitura

fornitura

Ex: The will had a provision specifying how the estate should be divided among the heirs. 
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inviolable
inviolable
[aggettivo]

unable to be broken or dishonored, often due to its importance or protection by law or custom

inviolabile, intoccabile

inviolabile, intoccabile

Ex: The nation's constitution is considered an inviolable document, safeguarding the rights of its citizens. 

La costituzione della nazione è considerata un documento inviolabile, che salvaguarda i diritti dei suoi cittadini.

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to exempt
to exempt
[Verbo]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

esentare, esonerare

esentare, esonerare

Ex: The government may exempt certain charitable organizations from paying income taxes. 
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to commit
to commit
[Verbo]

to state that one is bound to do something specific

commettere

commettere

Ex: Team members committed to meeting the deadline. 
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to entrust
to entrust
[Verbo]

to give someone the responsibility of taking care of something important, such as a task, duty, or information

affidare, conferire

affidare, conferire

Ex: The queen entrusted her advisors with the kingdom's future decisions. 

La regina ha affidato ai suoi consiglieri le decisioni future del regno.

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to pledge
to pledge
[Verbo]

to bind oneself or someone else by a formal promise or agreement

impegnare, vincolare

impegnare, vincolare

Ex: The members pledged themselves to follow the organization's rules. 
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