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Humanités ACT - Loi et Obligations

Apprenez le vocabulaire des sciences humaines de l'ACT pour le droit et les obligations, y compris les règles, les devoirs, les droits, les responsabilités juridiques, les accords, les exigences et la conformité.

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ACT Vocabulary for Humanities
proceeding

the formal process or legal action taken within a court to resolve a dispute, administer justice, etc.

procédure,  instance

procédure, instance

Ex: Legal proceedings were initiated to settle the dispute over property rights between the heirs. 
affidavit

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

affidavit

affidavit

Ex: The affidavit provided crucial evidence in the case, detailing the witness's account of the events. 

L'affidavit a fourni des preuves cruciales dans l'affaire, détaillant le compte-rendu des événements par le témoin.

testimony

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

témoignage, déposition

témoignage, déposition

Ex: The jury carefully considered the eyewitness testimony during deliberations. 
accusation

the act of blaming and charging someone for their wrong act

accusation

accusation

ruling
ruling
[nom]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

décision

décision

Ex: The judge's ruling favored the plaintiff, awarding them damages for the accident. 
felony
felony
[nom]

a serious crime such as arson, murder, rape, etc.

crime, forfait

crime, forfait

Ex: The defendant was charged with multiple felonies, including armed robbery and assault with a deadly weapon. 

L'accusé a été inculpé de plusieurs crimes, dont un vol à main armée et une agression avec une arme mortelle.

parole
parole
[nom]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

liberté conditionnelle

liberté conditionnelle

Ex: The parole board reviews each case individually to determine if an inmate meets the criteria for early release. 

La commission de liberté conditionnelle examine chaque cas individuellement pour déterminer si un détenu remplit les critères pour une libération anticipée.

penalty
penalty
[nom]

a punishment given for breaking a rule, law, or legal agreement

pénalité

pénalité

Ex: The penalty for committing a crime can vary depending on the severity of the offense. 
libel
libel
[nom]

a published false statement that damages a person's reputation

diffamation, calomnie

diffamation, calomnie

Ex: Libel is considered a serious offense because it involves making defamatory written statements that can harm someone's reputation. 

La diffamation est considérée comme une infraction grave car elle implique de faire des déclarations écrites diffamatoires qui peuvent nuire à la réputation de quelqu'un.

infraction

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

infraction

infraction

Ex: In the workplace, failing to adhere to safety regulations can result in disciplinary action for an infraction. 

Sur le lieu de travail, le non-respect des règles de sécurité peut entraîner une action disciplinaire pour une infraction.

trustee
trustee
[nom]

a person or organization legally responsible for managing property or money for the benefit of another

fidéicommissaire, curateur, fiduciaire

fidéicommissaire, curateur, fiduciaire

Ex: Sarah was appointed trustee of her father's estate. 
counterclaim

a response in court, stating an opposing demand

contre-demande

contre-demande

offender

a person who commits a crime or other illegal act

délinquant, délinquante

délinquant, délinquante

Ex: Repeat offenders may receive more severe penalties. 
infringement

an action that is against a law. regulation, or agreement

infraction, violation

infraction, violation

advocate

a lawyer who represents or pleads on behalf of a client in a court of law

défenseur, militant, militante

défenseur, militant, militante

Ex: Her advocate presented the case clearly before the court. 
verdict
verdict
[nom]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

verdict

verdict

Ex: The court is expected to announce the verdict tomorrow. 
acquittal

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

acquittement

acquittement

Ex: The acquittal came as a surprise to many observers, who had anticipated a different outcome based on the evidence presented. 

L'acquittement a été une surprise pour de nombreux observateurs, qui avaient anticipé un résultat différent sur la base des preuves présentées.

reformatory

an institution designed to reform or rehabilitate young offenders rather than simply punish them

établissement de rééducation, maison de correction

établissement de rééducation, maison de correction

Ex: The reformatory's programs focus on teaching practical skills to help juveniles reintegrate into society. 

Les programmes du centre de rééducation se concentrent sur l'enseignement de compétences pratiques pour aider les jeunes à se réintégrer dans la société.

penitentiary

a prison or correctional facility where individuals convicted of serious crimes are confined and undergo rehabilitation

pénitencier, établissement pénitentiaire

pénitencier, établissement pénitentiaire

Ex: The penitentiary has strict security measures to prevent any attempts at escape. 

Le pénitencier a des mesures de sécurité strictes pour prévenir toute tentative d'évasion.

statutory
statutory
[Adjectif]

according to or allowed by law

statutaire

statutaire

Ex: Statutory holidays are days designated by law where businesses and institutions are typically closed. 

Les jours fériés légaux sont des jours désignés par la loi où les entreprises et les institutions sont généralement fermées.

judicial
judicial
[Adjectif]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

judiciaire

judiciaire

Ex: Judicial review is a process by which courts examine the constitutionality of laws and governmental actions. 

Le contrôle judiciaire est un processus par lequel les tribunaux examinent la constitutionnalité des lois et des actions gouvernementales.

indeterminate
indeterminate
[Adjectif]

(of a judicial sentence) establishing a range of time within which the offender will serve their sentence, with the possibility of early release

indéterminé, à durée indéterminée

indéterminé, à durée indéterminée

Ex: The judge took into account the potential for rehabilitation when deciding to impose an indeterminate sentence. 

Le juge a pris en compte le potentiel de réhabilitation lorsqu'il a décidé d'imposer une peine indéterminée.

to indict
to indict
[verbe]

to officially accuse a person of a crime

inculper

inculper

Ex: The decision to indict the defendant was met with mixed reactions from the public. 

La décision d'inculper l'accusé a suscité des réactions mitigées de la part du public.

to banish
to banish
[verbe]

to force someone to leave a country, often as a form of punishment or to keep them away

bannir, exiler

bannir, exiler

Ex: After the war, many defeated soldiers were banished from their homeland. 

Après la guerre, de nombreux soldats vaincus ont été bannis de leur patrie.

to slander
to slander
[verbe]

to make false and adverse statements about someone for defamation

calomnier

calomnier

to exile
to exile
[verbe]

to force someone to leave their home or country and live elsewhere

exiler

exiler

Ex: The emperor exiled several officials who had challenged his authority. 
to outlaw
to outlaw
[verbe]

to officially state that something is illegal

interdire, proscrire

interdire, proscrire

Ex: In an effort to promote public safety, the city council chose to outlaw the use of fireworks within city limits. 

Dans un effort pour promouvoir la sécurité publique, le conseil municipal a choisi d'interdire l'utilisation des feux d'artifice dans les limites de la ville.

to waive
to waive
[verbe]

to voluntarily relinquish or give up a right, claim, or privilege

renoncer à

renoncer à

Ex: The company agreed to waive the fee. 

L'entreprise a accepté de renoncer aux frais.

to authorize

to officially give permission for a specific action, process, etc.

autoriser

autoriser

Ex: The president has the authority to authorize military operations in times of national security. 

Le président a le pouvoir d'autoriser les opérations militaires en temps de sécurité nationale.

to enact
to enact
[verbe]

to approve a proposed law

décréter

décréter

Ex: After much debate, the government decided to enact a law addressing cybercrime. 

Après de nombreux débats, le gouvernement a décidé de promulguer une loi pour lutter contre la cybercriminalité.

to convict
to convict
[verbe]

to officially find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

reconnaître coupable

reconnaître coupable

Ex: There was not enough evidence to convict Sarah of the offense. 
to execute
to execute
[verbe]

to kill someone as a legal punishment

exécuter

exécuter

Ex: He was sentenced to death and executed several years later. 
to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

intenter une action

intenter une action

Ex: She was asked to prosecute the case, bringing the defendant to trial for fraud. 

On lui a demandé de poursuivre l'affaire, amenant le défendeur à être jugé pour fraude.

to arbitrate

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

arbitrer, trancher,	jouer le rôle d'arbitre

arbitrer, trancher, jouer le rôle d'arbitre

Ex: To avoid a lengthy court trial, they chose to arbitrate their differences through mediation. 

Pour éviter un long procès, ils ont choisi d'arbitrer leurs différends par la médiation.

non-disclosure agreement

a legally binding contract between parties, typically individuals or businesses, that outlines confidential information that the parties agree not to disclose to others

accord de confidentialité, contrat de non-divulgation

accord de confidentialité, contrat de non-divulgation

Ex: The non-disclosure agreement prevented the contractor from sharing any details about the company's upcoming merger with competitors. 

L'accord de non-divulgation a empêché l'entrepreneur de partager des détails sur la prochaine fusion de l'entreprise avec des concurrents.

confidentiality

the assurance that sensitive information will not be divulged without proper consent

confidentialité, secret professionnel

confidentialité, secret professionnel

Ex: Research participants are guaranteed confidentiality to encourage honest and open responses during studies. 

Les participants à la recherche sont assurés de la confidentialité pour encourager des réponses honnêtes et ouvertes pendant les études.

obligation

an action that one must perform because they are legally or morally forced to do so

obligation, contrainte

obligation, contrainte

Ex: As part of her job, she has an obligation to maintain client confidentiality. 
provision

an agreed-upon condition or requirement outlined in an agreement, law, or document

disposition,  clause

disposition, clause

Ex: One key provision of the new policy is the mandatory reporting of incidents. 
inviolable
inviolable
[Adjectif]

unable to be broken or dishonored, often due to its importance or protection by law or custom

inviolable, inaliénable

inviolable, inaliénable

Ex: The peace treaty established inviolable borders between the two countries. 

Le traité de paix a établi des frontières inviolables entre les deux pays.

to exempt
to exempt
[verbe]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

exempter

exempter

Ex: The new policy exempts senior citizens from parking fees at municipal facilities. 

La nouvelle politique exempte les personnes âgées des frais de stationnement dans les installations municipales.

to commit
to commit
[verbe]

to state that one is bound to do something specific

se tenir à, s’engager

se tenir à, s’engager

Ex: The CEO publicly committed to donating a percentage of the company's profits to charitable causes each year. 
to entrust
to entrust
[verbe]

to give someone the responsibility of taking care of something important, such as a task, duty, or information

confier, déléguer

confier, déléguer

Ex: Parents often entrust the responsibility of caring for their children to reliable babysitters. 

Les parents confient souvent la responsabilité de s'occuper de leurs enfants à des baby-sitters fiables.

to pledge
to pledge
[verbe]

to bind oneself or someone else by a formal promise or agreement

engager, promettre

engager, promettre

Ex: Daniel pledged himself to complete the work. 
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