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Linguistica - Parole relative alla linguistica

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi relative alla linguistica come "trattino", "marcatore" e "corpus".

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Words Related to Linguistics
form
[sostantivo]

the shape of a word, phrase, sentence or discourse

forma, configurazione

forma, configurazione

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grammar
[sostantivo]

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

grammatica

grammatica

Ex: We studied verb tenses in our grammar class today .Oggi abbiamo studiato i tempi verbali nella nostra lezione di **grammatica**.
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natural language
[sostantivo]

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

linguaggio naturale, lingua naturale

linguaggio naturale, lingua naturale

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a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

lingua artificiale, linguaggio artificiale

lingua artificiale, linguaggio artificiale

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a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

lingua costruita, lingua artificiale

lingua costruita, lingua artificiale

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markedness
[sostantivo]

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

marcatezza, asimmetria linguistica

marcatezza, asimmetria linguistica

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dictionary
[sostantivo]

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

dizionario

dizionario

Ex: When learning a new language, it's helpful to keep a bilingual dictionary on hand.Quando si impara una nuova lingua, è utile avere a portata di mano un **dizionario** bilingue.
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entry word
[sostantivo]

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

parola d'ingresso, lemma

parola d'ingresso, lemma

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anglophone
[sostantivo]

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

anglofono

anglofono

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spoken word
[sostantivo]

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

parola pronunciata

parola pronunciata

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syntax
[sostantivo]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintassi

sintassi

Ex: Syntax analysis helps in identifying how sentence elements like nouns , verbs , and adjectives interact within a given linguistic framework .
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corpus
[sostantivo]

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

corpus, raccolta di testi

corpus, raccolta di testi

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translation
[sostantivo]

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

traduzione

traduzione

Ex: His translation of the poem captured the beauty of the original .
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sign language
[sostantivo]

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

linguaggio dei segni

linguaggio dei segni

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the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

proto-indoeuropeo

proto-indoeuropeo

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orthography
[sostantivo]

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

ortografia, sistema ortografico

ortografia, sistema ortografico

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emic unit
[sostantivo]

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

unità emica, entità emica

unità emica, entità emica

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quote
[sostantivo]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

preventivo

preventivo

Ex: " The only thing we have to fear is fear itself , " remains one of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's most memorable quotes from his inaugural address ."L'unica cosa di cui dobbiamo aver paura è la paura stessa", rimane una delle **citazioni** più memorabili di Franklin D. Roosevelt dal suo discorso inaugurale.
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exclamation
[sostantivo]

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

esclamativo

esclamativo

Ex: He muttered an exclamation under his breath after hearing the bad news .Mormorò un'**esclamazione** sottovoce dopo aver sentito la brutta notizia.
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jargon
[sostantivo]

language that is considered to be meaningless or obscure, used to impress or confuse people rather than to convey information

gergo, linguaggio incomprensibile

gergo, linguaggio incomprensibile

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marker
[sostantivo]

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

marcatore, indicatore

marcatore, indicatore

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phraseme
[sostantivo]

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

frasema, espressione fissa

frasema, espressione fissa

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a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

determinismo linguistico, determinismo del linguaggio

determinismo linguistico, determinismo del linguaggio

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reflexivity
[sostantivo]

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

riflessività, la proprietà riflessiva

riflessività, la proprietà riflessiva

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to agree
[Verbo]

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

concordare, accordarsi

concordare, accordarsi

Ex: "She loves to dance" is correct because the verb agrees with the singular subject."Lei ama ballare" è corretto perché il verbo **concorda** con il soggetto singolare.
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(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

coniugato

coniugato

Ex: The linguistics professor explained how different languages conjugate verbs differently based on their grammatical structures.Il professore di linguistica ha spiegato come lingue diverse **coniughino** i verbi in modo diverso in base alle loro strutture grammaticali.
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to decline
[Verbo]

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

declinare

declinare

Ex: Students often struggle with Latin grammar because they need to memorize how to decline nouns and pronouns in different cases .Gli studenti spesso faticano con la grammatica latina perché devono memorizzare come **declinare** i sostantivi e i pronomi in diversi casi.
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to spell
[Verbo]

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

fare lo spelling

fare lo spelling

Ex: We should spell our last names when making reservations to avoid any misunderstandings .Dovremmo **compitare** i nostri cognomi quando facciamo prenotazioni per evitare malintesi.
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(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

Aspirare

Aspirare

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to roll
[Verbo]

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

rotolare

rotolare

Ex: Language learners may spend time practicing the skill of rolling ' r ' sounds to achieve accurate pronunciation in various languages .Gli studenti di lingue possono dedicare tempo a praticare l'abilità di **arrotolare** i suoni 'r' per ottenere una prononzia accurata in varie lingue.
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to stress
[Verbo]

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

accentuare

accentuare

Ex: When pronouncing compound words like " football , " we typically stress the first syllable : FOOT-ball .Nel pronunciare parole composte come "football", solitamente **accentuiamo** la prima sillaba: FOOT-ball.
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to voice
[Verbo]

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

vocalizzare

vocalizzare

Ex: The linguist explained how to voice the voiced velar plosive " ɡ " by engaging the back of the tongue against the soft palate .Il linguista ha spiegato come **sonorizzare** l'occlusiva velare sonora "ɡ" coinvolgendo la parte posteriore della lingua contro il palato molle.
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to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

articolare

articolare

Ex: In the speech therapy session , he worked on how to articulate difficult sounds .Nella sessione di logopedia, ha lavorato su come **articolare** suoni difficili.
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to encode
[Verbo]

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

codificare

codificare

Ex: The international author skillfully encoded her stories in various languages .L'autrice internazionale ha abilmente **codificato** le sue storie in varie lingue.
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to drill
[Verbo]

to learn by repetition and practice

forare

forare

Ex: The language students drilled vocabulary and grammar exercises to improve their fluency .Gli studenti di lingua hanno **esercitato** vocaboli e grammatica per migliorare la loro fluidità.
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to gabble
[Verbo]

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

ciarlare

ciarlare

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to stammer
[Verbo]

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

balbettare

balbettare

Ex: Overwhelmed by emotion , she began to stammer through her tearful apology .Sopraffatta dall'emozione, cominciò a **balbettare** durante le sue scuse in lacrime.
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to stumble
[Verbo]

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

inciampare

inciampare

Ex: Anxiety caused him to stumble while presenting his findings to the academic committee .L'ansia lo ha fatto **inciampare** mentre presentava i suoi risultati al comitato accademico.
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to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

sillabato

sillabato

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to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

mettere la punteggiatura in, punteggiare

mettere la punteggiatura in, punteggiare

Ex: Learning how to punctuate complex sentences with colons and dashes can greatly improve your writing style and clarity .Imparare a **punteggiare** frasi complesse con due punti e trattini può migliorare notevolmente il tuo stile di scrittura e la chiarezza.
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to parse
[Verbo]

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

analizzare

analizzare

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to quote
[Verbo]

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

citare

citare

Ex: The politician quoted Winston Churchill , saying , " Success is not final , failure is not fatal : It is the courage to continue that counts . "Il politico ha **citato** Winston Churchill, dicendo: "Il successo non è definitivo, il fallimento non è fatale: è il coraggio di continuare che conta."
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to elide
[Verbo]

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

elidire

elidire

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to infix
[Verbo]

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

infissare, inserire un infisso

infissare, inserire un infisso

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