言語学 - 言語学に関連する言葉

the shape of a word, phrase, sentence or discourse

形, 構造

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

文法

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

自然言語, ナチュラルランゲージ

a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

人工言語, 作られた言語

a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

人工言語, 計画言語

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

マーク化, マークされた状態

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

辞書

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

エントリー単語, エントリーワード

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

英語話者

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

話し言葉, 口頭表現

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

構文, 文の構造

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

コーパス, 言語コーパス

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

翻訳

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

手話, サインランゲージ

the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

原インド・ヨーロッパ語, プロト・インド・ヨーロッパ語

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

正書法

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

エミックユニット, エミック分析単位

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

引用, 名言

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

感嘆詞, 叫び

language that is considered to be meaningless or obscure, used to impress or confuse people rather than to convey information

専門用語, ジャーゴン

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

マーカー, 指標

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

フレーズ, 固定表現

a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

言語的決定論, 言語の決定論

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

再帰性

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

一致する, 合う

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

活用する, 動詞の活用

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

格変化する, 屈折する

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

スペルする

(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

発息する, 呼吸する

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

ロールする, 振動する

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

強調する, アクセントを置く

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

発声する, 表現する

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

明確に述べる, 発音する

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

エンコードする, 表現する

to learn by repetition and practice

練習する, 反復する

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

ガブる, つぶやく

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

吃音する, どもる

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

つまずく (話すとき), 口ごもる

to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

ハイフンで分ける, ハイフンでつなぐ

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

句読点を使う, 句読点を付ける

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

解析する, 分解する

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

引用する, 引用をする

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

エリダ, 省略する

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

インフィックスする, 挿入する