Лингвистика - Слова, относящиеся к лингвистике

the shape of a word, phrase, sentence or discourse

форма

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

грамматика

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

естственный язык, природный язык

a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

искусственный язык, построенный язык

a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

конструированный язык, искусственный язык

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

маркированность, отметка

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

словарь

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

слово входа, термин входа

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

англоязычный

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

сказанное слово

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

синтаксис

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

корпус, корпус текстов

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

перевод

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

язык жестов, язык глухонемых

the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

Протоиндоевропейский язык

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

орфография

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

эмическая единица, емическая единица

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

цитата

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

восклицание

language that is considered to be meaningless or obscure, used to impress or confuse people rather than to convey information

жаргон, терминология

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

маркер, индикатор

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

фразема, фиксированное выражение

a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

лингвистический детерминизм, определение языка

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

рефлексивность

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

согласиться

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

спрягать

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

склонять

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

читать по складам

(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

произносить с придыханием

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

дрожащий произносить

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

ударять

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

голосовать

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

произносить ясно

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

зашифровать

to learn by repetition and practice

практиковаться

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

скороговоркою болтать

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

заикаться

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

запинаться

to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

писать через дефис

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

пунктировать

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

делать грамматический разбор

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

цитировать

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

пропускать

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

инфиксировать, вставить