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Lingvistică - Cuvinte legate de lingvistică

Aici vei învăța câteva cuvinte în engleză legate de lingvistică, cum ar fi "liniuță", "marcator" și "corpus".

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Words Related to Linguistics
form
form
[substantiv]

the spoken or written shape of a word used for identification or description

formă, structură

formă, structură

Ex: The plural form of the noun confused new learners. 
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grammar
grammar
[substantiv]

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

gramatică, sintaxă

gramatică, sintaxă

Ex: I practice my English grammar every day by writing journal entries. 
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natural language
natural language
[substantiv]

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

limbaj natural, limbă naturală

limbaj natural, limbă naturală

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artificial language

a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

limbă artificială, limbă construită

limbă artificială, limbă construită

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constructed language

a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

limbă construită, limbă artificială

limbă construită, limbă artificială

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markedness
markedness
[substantiv]

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

marcare, asimetrie lingvistică

marcare, asimetrie lingvistică

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dictionary
dictionary
[substantiv]

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

dicționar, lexicon

dicționar, lexicon

Ex: A pocket-sized dictionary can be handy during travels to help communicate in different languages. 
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entry word
entry word
[substantiv]

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

cuvânt de intrare, intrare lexicală

cuvânt de intrare, intrare lexicală

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anglophone
anglophone
[substantiv]

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

anglofon

anglofon

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spoken word
spoken word
[substantiv]

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

cuvânt rostit, cuvânt verbal

cuvânt rostit, cuvânt verbal

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syntax
syntax
[substantiv]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintaxă, structură gramaticală

sintaxă, structură gramaticală

Ex: In linguistics, syntax refers to the rules that govern the structure of sentences, determining how words are arranged to convey meaning. 
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corpus
corpus
[substantiv]

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

corpus, colecție de texte

corpus, colecție de texte

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translation
translation
[substantiv]

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

traducere

traducere

Ex: The translation of the novel from French to English took six months. 
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sign language
sign language
[substantiv]

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

limbajul semnelor, limba semnelor

limbajul semnelor, limba semnelor

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Proto-Indo-European

the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

proto-indo-europeană, indo-europeană comună

proto-indo-europeană, indo-europeană comună

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orthography
orthography
[substantiv]

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

ortografie, sistem ortografic

ortografie, sistem ortografic

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emic unit
emic unit
[substantiv]

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

unitate emică, entitate emică

unitate emică, entitate emică

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quote
quote
[substantiv]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

citat, fragment

citat, fragment

Ex: The quote "All that glitters is not gold" serves as a timeless reminder to look beyond appearances. 
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exclamation
exclamation
[substantiv]

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

exclamație, strigăt

exclamație, strigăt

Ex: "Ouch!" was the exclamation that escaped his lips after stubbing his toe. 
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jargon
jargon
[substantiv]

obscure language intended to impress or confuse rather than communicate clearly

jargon, limbaj obscur

jargon, limbaj obscur

Ex: Avoid using jargon in instructions for the general public. 
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marker
marker
[substantiv]

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

marcator, indicator

marcator, indicator

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phraseme
phraseme
[substantiv]

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

frazem, expresie fixă

frazem, expresie fixă

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linguistic determinism

a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

determinism lingvistic, determinism al limbajului

determinism lingvistic, determinism al limbajului

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reflexivity
reflexivity
[substantiv]

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

reflexivitate, proprietatea reflexivă

reflexivitate, proprietatea reflexivă

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to agree
to agree
[verb]

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

a fi de acord, a concorda

a fi de acord, a concorda

Ex: The subject and verb must agree in number. 
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to conjugate

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

a conjuga

a conjuga

Ex: In Spanish class, we learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense. 
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to decline

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

declina, conjuga (în context gramatical)

declina, conjuga (în context gramatical)

Ex: In Latin class, we learned how to decline nouns like "puella" to indicate their role in a sentence. 
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to spell
to spell
[verb]

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

sillaba, scrie corect

sillaba, scrie corect

Ex: He struggles to spell the word "restaurant" correctly. 
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to aspirate

(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

aspira, pronunță cu o eliberare puternică a respirației

aspira, pronunță cu o eliberare puternică a respirației

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to roll
to roll
[verb]

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

rostogoli

rostogoli

Ex: In Spanish, the 'r' is often rolled or trilled, as in the word "perro" (dog). 
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to stress
to stress
[verb]

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

accentua, pune accentul pe

accentua, pune accentul pe

Ex: In the word "banana," English speakers stress the second syllable: ba-NA-na. 
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to voice
to voice
[verb]

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

sonoriza, vocaliza

sonoriza, vocaliza

Ex: She voiced the "z" sound in the word "zebra" by allowing her vocal cords to vibrate while pronouncing it. 
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to articulate

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

articula, pronunța clar

articula, pronunța clar

Ex: It's important for public speakers to articulate their words effectively to engage the audience. 
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to encode
to encode
[verb]

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

codifica, exprima

codifica, exprima

Ex: The translator worked diligently to encode the author's intentions. 
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to drill
to drill
[verb]

to learn by repetition and practice

a exersa, a repeta

a exersa, a repeta

Ex: She drilled her lines for the play until she knew them perfectly. 
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to gabble
to gabble
[verb]

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

bolborosi, vorbi repede și fără sens

bolborosi, vorbi repede și fără sens

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to stammer

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

bâlbâi, bâigui

bâlbâi, bâigui

Ex: Nervous about giving his first public speech, he began to stammer, repeating the opening words several times. 
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to stumble

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

a se împiedica, a bâlbâi

a se împiedica, a bâlbâi

Ex: The nervous speaker tended to stumble when asked unexpected questions during the interview. 
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to hyphenate

to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

despărți cu cratimă, unește cu cratimă

despărți cu cratimă, unește cu cratimă

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to punctuate

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

punctuație

punctuație

Ex: When you write an essay, it is important to punctuate your sentences correctly to ensure that your ideas are clearly communicated. 
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to parse
to parse
[verb]

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

analiza, descompune

analiza, descompune

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to quote
to quote
[verb]

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

cita, reproduce

cita, reproduce

Ex: During his presentation, he quoted a famous line from "The Godfather": "I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse." 
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to elide
to elide
[verb]

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

elida, omite

elida, omite

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to infix
to infix
[verb]

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

a infixa, a insera un morfem sau un afix în interiorul unui cuvânt

a infixa, a insera un morfem sau un afix în interiorul unui cuvânt

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