اللغويات - الكلمات المتعلقة باللسانيات

the shape of a word, phrase, sentence or discourse

شكل, بنية

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

قواعد

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

لغة طبيعية, اللسان الطبيعي

a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

لغة اصطناعية, لغة مصنوعة

a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

لغة مصطنعة, لغة مبنية

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

تمييز, علامة

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

قاموس

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

كلمة مدخل, مصطلح مدخل

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

الناطق بالإنجليزية

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

الكلمة المنطوقة, التعبير الشفهي

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

نحو, تركيب الجمل

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

جسم نصي, مجموعة نصوص

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

ترجمة

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

لغة الإشارة, لغة الإيماءات

the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

البروتو-هندوأوروبي, اللغة البروتو-هندوأوروبية

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

الهجاء

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

وحدة إيميك, وحدة التحليل الإيميك

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

اقتباس, مقولة

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

صرخة, هتاف

language that is considered to be meaningless or obscure, used to impress or confuse people rather than to convey information

مصطلح, لغة متخصصة

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

مؤشر, علامة

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

عبارة ثابتة, تعليمات ثابتة

a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

الحتمية اللغوية, تحديد اللغة

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

الانعكاسية

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

يتوافق, يتماشى

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

يُصرّف, صرف الأفعال

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

يميل, يَصِير

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

تهجئة

(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

يستنشِق, يُخرج النَفَس

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

تدحرج, اهتزاز

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

يؤكد, يشدد

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

صوت, عبّر عن

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

نطق, عبّر

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

ترميز, تعبير

to learn by repetition and practice

تكرار, تمرن

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

يهرطق, يتحدث بسرعة

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

تلعثم, يتأتئ

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

يتعثر (أثناء الحديث), يخطئ في الكلام

to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

فصل, توصل بشرطة

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

ترقيم, وضع علامات الترقيم

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

تحليل, تفكيك

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

يقتبس, يستشهد

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

حذف, ترك

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

إدخال, إضافه