Ngôn Ngữ Học - Những từ liên quan đến ngôn ngữ học

the shape of a word, phrase, sentence or discourse

hình thức, cấu trúc

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

ngữ pháp

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

ngôn ngữ tự nhiên, ngôn ngữ thiên nhiên

a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

ngôn ngữ nhân tạo, ngôn ngữ chế tạo

a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

ngôn ngữ xây dựng, ngôn ngữ nhân tạo

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

đánh dấu, tính đánh dấu

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

từ điển

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

từ mục, từ đầu vào

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

người nói tiếng Anh

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

lời nói, biểu đạt bằng lời

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

cú pháp, cấu trúc câu

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

corpus, tập hợp văn bản

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

dịch

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

ngôn ngữ ký hiệu, ngôn ngữ cử chỉ

the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

ngôn ngữ Proto-Ấn-Âu, Proto-Ấn-Âu

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

chính tả

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

đơn vị emic, đơn vị phân tích emic

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

trích dẫn, câu nói

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

câu exclamation, tiếng kêu

language that is considered to be meaningless or obscure, used to impress or confuse people rather than to convey information

biến thể ngôn ngữ, thuật ngữ chuyên ngành

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

dấu hiệu, chỉ số

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

câu cố định, cụm từ cố định

a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

chủ nghĩa xác định ngôn ngữ, xác định ngôn ngữ

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

tính phản hồi

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

thỏa thuận, phù hợp

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

biến đổi, chia động từ

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

biến đổi, suy giảm

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

đánh vần

(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

hít vào, thở ra

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

lăn, rung

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

nhấn mạnh, phát âm với nhấn mạnh

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

cất tiếng, diễn đạt

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

phát âm rõ ràng, diễn đạt

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

mã hóa, diễn đạt

to learn by repetition and practice

luyện tập, nhắc lại

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

nói lảm nhảm, nói một cách nhanh chóng

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

ngập ngừng, nói lắp

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

vấp ngã (khi nói), sai lầm khi nói

to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

chia tách, nối bằng dấu gạch

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

dấu câu, dùng dấu câu

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

phân tích, chia nhỏ

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

trích dẫn, trích

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

lược bỏ, cắt bỏ

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

chèn vào, infix