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Linguística - Palavras relacionadas à linguística

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês relacionadas à linguística, como "hífen", "marcador" e "corpus".

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Words Related to Linguistics
form
[substantivo]

the shape of a word, phrase, sentence or discourse

forma, configuração

forma, configuração

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grammar
[substantivo]

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

gramática, sintaxe

gramática, sintaxe

Ex: We studied verb tenses in our grammar class today .Hoje estudamos os tempos verbais em nossa aula de **gramática**.
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natural language
[substantivo]

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

linguagem natural, língua natural

linguagem natural, língua natural

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artificial language
[substantivo]

a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

língua artificial, linguagem artificial

língua artificial, linguagem artificial

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a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

língua construída, língua artificial

língua construída, língua artificial

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markedness
[substantivo]

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

marcação, assimetria linguística

marcação, assimetria linguística

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dictionary
[substantivo]

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

dicionário, vocabulário

dicionário, vocabulário

Ex: When learning a new language, it's helpful to keep a bilingual dictionary on hand.Ao aprender um novo idioma, é útil ter um **dicionário** bilíngue à mão.
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entry word
[substantivo]

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

palavra de entrada, verbete

palavra de entrada, verbete

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anglophone
[substantivo]

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

anglófono

anglófono

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spoken word
[substantivo]

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

palavra falada, palavra pronunciada

palavra falada, palavra pronunciada

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syntax
[substantivo]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintaxe, estrutura gramatical

sintaxe, estrutura gramatical

Ex: Syntax analysis helps in identifying how sentence elements like nouns , verbs , and adjectives interact within a given linguistic framework .
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corpus
[substantivo]

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

corpus, coleção de textos

corpus, coleção de textos

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translation
[substantivo]

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

tradução

tradução

Ex: His translation of the poem captured the beauty of the original .
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sign language
[substantivo]

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

língua de sinais, linguagem de sinais

língua de sinais, linguagem de sinais

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Proto-Indo-European
[substantivo]

the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

protoindo-europeu, indo-europeu comum

protoindo-europeu, indo-europeu comum

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orthography
[substantivo]

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

ortografia, sistema ortográfico

ortografia, sistema ortográfico

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emic unit
[substantivo]

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

unidade êmica, entidade êmica

unidade êmica, entidade êmica

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quote
[substantivo]

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

citação, trecho

citação, trecho

Ex: " The only thing we have to fear is fear itself , " remains one of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's most memorable quotes from his inaugural address ."A única coisa que devemos temer é o próprio medo", continua sendo uma das **citações** mais memoráveis de Franklin D. Roosevelt de seu discurso inaugural.
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exclamation
[substantivo]

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

exclamação, grito

exclamação, grito

Ex: He muttered an exclamation under his breath after hearing the bad news .Ele murmurou uma **exclamação** baixo após ouvir a má notícia.
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jargon
[substantivo]

language that is considered to be meaningless or obscure, used to impress or confuse people rather than to convey information

jargão, linguagem obscura

jargão, linguagem obscura

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marker
[substantivo]

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

marcador, indicador

marcador, indicador

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phraseme
[substantivo]

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

frasema, expressão fixa

frasema, expressão fixa

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a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

determinismo linguístico, determinismo da linguagem

determinismo linguístico, determinismo da linguagem

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reflexivity
[substantivo]

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

reflexividade, a propriedade reflexiva

reflexividade, a propriedade reflexiva

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to agree
[verbo]

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

concordar, coincidir

concordar, coincidir

Ex: "She loves to dance" is correct because the verb agrees with the singular subject."Ela adora dançar" está correto porque o verbo **concorda** com o sujeito singular.
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(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

conjugar

conjugar

Ex: The linguistics professor explained how different languages conjugate verbs differently based on their grammatical structures.O professor de linguística explicou como diferentes línguas **conjugam** os verbos de maneira diferente com base em suas estruturas gramaticais.
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to decline
[verbo]

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

declinar, conjugar (no contexto gramatical)

declinar, conjugar (no contexto gramatical)

Ex: Students often struggle with Latin grammar because they need to memorize how to decline nouns and pronouns in different cases .Os alunos muitas vezes lutam com a gramática latina porque precisam memorizar como **declinar** os substantivos e pronomes em diferentes casos.
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to spell
[verbo]

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

soletrar, escrever corretamente

soletrar, escrever corretamente

Ex: We should spell our last names when making reservations to avoid any misunderstandings .Devemos **soletrar** nossos sobrenomes ao fazer reservas para evitar mal-entendidos.
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(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

aspirar, pronunciar com uma liberação forte de ar

aspirar, pronunciar com uma liberação forte de ar

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to roll
[verbo]

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

rolar

rolar

Ex: Language learners may spend time practicing the skill of rolling ' r ' sounds to achieve accurate pronunciation in various languages .Aprendizes de idiomas podem gastar tempo praticando a habilidade de **rolar** os sons de 'r' para alcançar uma pronúncia precisa em várias línguas.
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to stress
[verbo]

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

acentuar, dar ênfase a

acentuar, dar ênfase a

Ex: When pronouncing compound words like " football , " we typically stress the first syllable : FOOT-ball .Ao pronunciar palavras compostas como "futebol", normalmente **acentuamos** a primeira sílaba: FU-tebol.
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to voice
[verbo]

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

sonorizar, vocalizar

sonorizar, vocalizar

Ex: The linguist explained how to voice the voiced velar plosive " ɡ " by engaging the back of the tongue against the soft palate .O linguista explicou como **sonorizar** a oclusiva velar sonora "ɡ" engajando a parte de trás da língua contra o palato mole.
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to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

articular, pronunciar claramente

articular, pronunciar claramente

Ex: In the speech therapy session , he worked on how to articulate difficult sounds .Na sessão de terapia da fala, ele trabalhou em como **articular** sons difíceis.
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to encode
[verbo]

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

codificar, expressar

codificar, expressar

Ex: The international author skillfully encoded her stories in various languages .A autora internacional habilmente **codificou** suas histórias em vários idiomas.
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to drill
[verbo]

to learn by repetition and practice

praticar, repetir

praticar, repetir

Ex: The language students drilled vocabulary and grammar exercises to improve their fluency .Os estudantes de língua **praticaram** exercícios de vocabulário e gramática para melhorar sua fluência.
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to gabble
[verbo]

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

tagarelar, falar rapidamente sem sentido

tagarelar, falar rapidamente sem sentido

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to stammer
[verbo]

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

gaguejar, balbuciar

gaguejar, balbuciar

Ex: Overwhelmed by emotion , she began to stammer through her tearful apology .Dominada pela emoção, ela começou a **gaguejar** durante seu pedido de desculpas choroso.
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to stumble
[verbo]

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

tropeçar, gaguejar

tropeçar, gaguejar

Ex: Anxiety caused him to stumble while presenting his findings to the academic committee .A ansiedade o fez **tropeçar** ao apresentar suas descobertas ao comitê acadêmico.
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to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

hifenizar, dividir ou conectar por hífen

hifenizar, dividir ou conectar por hífen

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to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

pontuar

pontuar

Ex: Learning how to punctuate complex sentences with colons and dashes can greatly improve your writing style and clarity .Aprender a **pontuar** frases complexas com dois pontos e travessões pode melhorar muito o seu estilo de escrita e clareza.
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to parse
[verbo]

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

analisar, decompor

analisar, decompor

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to quote
[verbo]

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

citar, reproduzir

citar, reproduzir

Ex: The politician quoted Winston Churchill , saying , " Success is not final , failure is not fatal : It is the courage to continue that counts . "O político **citou** Winston Churchill, dizendo: "O sucesso não é final, o fracasso não é fatal: é a coragem de continuar que conta."
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to elide
[verbo]

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

elidir, omitir

elidir, omitir

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to infix
[verbo]

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

infixar, inserir um infixo

infixar, inserir um infixo

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