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Językoznawstwo - Słowa związane z językoznawstwem

Tutaj nauczysz się kilku angielskich słów związanych z językoznawstwem, takich jak „łącznik”, „marker” i „corpus”.

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Words Related to Linguistics
form

the shape of a word, phrase, sentence or discourse

struktura

struktura

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grammar

the study or use of words and the way they are put together or changed to make sentences

gramatyka

gramatyka

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natural language

any human language that has developed organically over time for communication purposes, distinguishing it from constructed or artificial languages

język naturalny

język naturalny

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artificial language

a language deliberately created by humans for specific purposes, such as international communication or fictional settings, rather than evolving naturally over time

sztuczny język

sztuczny język

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constructed language

a language intentionally created by individuals or groups, often for specific purposes, such as improving communication, facilitating learning, or serving fictional or artistic purposes

skonstruowany język

skonstruowany język

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markedness

the asymmetrical relationship between linguistic forms or features, where one form or feature is considered more "marked" or less typical than another

wyrazistość

wyrazistość

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dictionary

a book or electronic resource that gives a list of words in alphabetical order and explains their meanings, or gives the equivalent words in a different language

słownik

słownik

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entry word

the specific word or form that serves as the main or primary lexical entry in a dictionary or reference work, typically representing the headword or base form of a word from which various inflected forms and derived words are derived

słowo wejściowe

słowo wejściowe

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anglophone

a person or a community of people whose first language or primary language is English

anglojęzyczny

anglojęzyczny

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spoken word

an utterance expressed in speech rather than written form

słowo mówione

słowo mówione

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syntax

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

składnia (lingwistyka)

składnia (lingwistyka)

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corpus

a large and structured collection of authentic texts or spoken language samples, used for linguistic analysis and research purposes

ciało

ciało

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translation

the process of changing written or spoken words from one language to another while maintaining the same meaning

tłumaczenie

tłumaczenie

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sign language

a system used to communicate with deaf people that involves using hands and body gestures instead of words

Język migowy

Język migowy

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Proto-Indo-European

the hypothetical language that is believed to be the root of all Indo-European languages

Proto-indoeuropejski

Proto-indoeuropejski

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orthography

the standardized set of rules and conventions for spelling and writing within a particular language or writing system, guiding the proper representation of words and symbols

ortografia

ortografia

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emic unit

a meaningful unit of analysis that is derived from within the specific cultural or linguistic context being studied, taking into account the perspectives and interpretations of the individuals or community under investigation

jednostka emiczna

jednostka emiczna

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quote

a sentence from a speech, book, etc. that is repeated somewhere else because it is wise or interesting

cytat

cytat

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exclamation

a sudden and short sound, word or phrase, uttered to express anger, excitement, etc.

okrzyk

okrzyk

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jargon

language that is considered to be meaningless or obscure, used to impress or confuse people rather than to convey information

żargon

żargon

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marker

a linguistic element or feature that signals or indicates a specific grammatical, semantic, or pragmatic function within a language

znacznik

znacznik

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phraseme

a fixed or semi-fixed phrase or expression with a specific meaning or function that extends beyond the sum of its individual words

frazes

frazes

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linguistic determinism

a concept in linguistics that suggests that the structure and vocabulary of a language shape the thoughts and perception of its speakers, influencing their worldview and cognition

determinizm językowy

determinizm językowy

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reflexivity

a grammatical or semantic property of a language or construction that indicates that the subject of a verb is also the object or recipient of the action performed by the subject, creating a self-referential or reflective relationship within the sentence

refleksyjność

refleksyjność

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to agree

(grammar) to have the same grammatical number, gender, case or person

uzgodnić

uzgodnić

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to conjugate

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

koniugować

koniugować

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to decline

(grammar) to inflect or state the different forms of a noun, pronoun or adjective according to gender, number, etc.

opadać

opadać

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to spell

to write or say the letters that form a word one by one in the right order

oznaczać

oznaczać

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to aspirate

(phonetics) to pronounce a vowel or a consonant with a strongly released breath

aspirować

aspirować

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to roll

(phonetics) to pronounce the /r/ sound with an alveolar trill

toczyć

toczyć

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to stress

(phonetics) to utter a syllable in a word or phrase with more emphasis

podkreślać

podkreślać

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to voice

(phonetics) to articulate a speech sound with the vibration of the vocal cords

wyrazić

wyrazić

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to articulate

to pronounce or utter something in a clear and precise way

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to encode

(linguistics) to express a concept, thought, or idea in a foreign language

kodować

kodować

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to drill

to learn by repetition and practice

wiercić

wiercić

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to gabble

to utter words rapidly and without making sense

mamrotać

mamrotać

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to stammer

to speak with involuntary stops and repetitions of certain words

jąkać się

jąkać się

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to stumble

to make an error or repeated errors while speaking

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to hyphenate

to divide or connect by a hyphen in writing

pisać z łącznikiem

pisać z łącznikiem

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to punctuate

to use punctuation marks in a text in order to make it more understandable

podkreślać

podkreślać

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to parse

(grammar) to divide a sentence into its grammatical constituents, identifying the syntactic role of each part

analizować

analizować

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to quote

to say the exact sentence or group of words someone else used in a movie, book, etc.

zacytować

zacytować

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to elide

(phonetics) to omit or leave out a vowel or a syllable in the pronunciation of a word

opuszczać

opuszczać

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to infix

to insert a morpheme or affix within a word, typically by placing it in the middle of a root or base form

infiks

infiks

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