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建築と建設 - 建設資材

ここでは、「パテ」、「石灰岩」、「花崗岩」などの建築材料に関連するいくつかの英語の単語を学びます。

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Words Related to Architecture and Construction
sandstone
[名詞]

a sedimentary rock composed of sand-sized grains, commonly used in construction for its durability and natural beauty

砂岩, サンドストーン

砂岩, サンドストーン

quarry tile
[名詞]

a durable ceramic tile made from clay, known for its strength, stain resistance, and versatility in design, making it suitable for various applications including high-traffic areas

採石場タイル, クォリータイル

採石場タイル, クォリータイル

putty
[名詞]

a pliable material used for filling gaps and cracks in surfaces, providing a smooth and durable finish

パテ, 充填材

パテ, 充填材

limestone
[名詞]

a hard gray or white rock that contains calcium and is used for making cement or as a building material

石灰岩, ライムストーン

石灰岩, ライムストーン

laminate
[名詞]

a type of surfacing material that is created by bonding multiple layers of paper or resin-impregnated fabric together with a clear top layer of melamine resin

ラミネート, 積層材

ラミネート, 積層材

iron
[名詞]

a metallic chemical element with a silvery-gray appearance, widely used for making tools, steel, buildings, and various industrial products

鉄, 金属

鉄, 金属

Ex: Children need sufficient iron for proper growth and development .子供は適切な成長と発達のために十分な**鉄**が必要です。
granite
[名詞]

a durable and visually appealing natural rock used for countertops, flooring, and other architectural applications

花崗岩, 花崗岩の石

花崗岩, 花崗岩の石

filler
[名詞]

a substance used to fill gaps or imperfections in surfaces

充填材, パテ

充填材, パテ

daub
[名詞]

a mixture of clay, earth, straw, and sometimes animal dung or other organic materials that is applied as a plaster or coating to walls, typically over a framework of wooden sticks or wattle

塗り土, 泥

塗り土, 泥

caulk
[名詞]

a flexible material, often in the form of a sealant or filler, used to seal gaps, joints, or cracks in various surfaces, such as walls, windows, or pipes, to prevent air, water, or pests from entering or escaping

コーキング材, シーラント

コーキング材, シーラント

bitumen
[名詞]

a thick, black or dark brown substance made from petroleum that is used to make roads and roofs

ビチューメン, アスファルト

ビチューメン, アスファルト

aggregate
[名詞]

a mixture of sand, gravel, crushed stone, or other granular materials used in construction as a main component in concrete, asphalt, and other building materials to provide strength, stability, and durability

骨材, 集合体

骨材, 集合体

slab
[名詞]

a thick and flat piece of hard material, such as a stone, metal, wood, etc. that is usually in the shape of a square or rectangle

スラブ, 板

スラブ, 板

rubble
[名詞]

the damaged bricks, stones, or other material of a building that remain after its destruction

瓦礫, がれき

瓦礫, がれき

Ex: Volunteers helped clear the rubble from the streets following the devastating hurricane .ボランティアは、壊滅的なハリケーンの後に通りから**がれき**を片付けるのを手伝いました。
plate glass
[名詞]

a thick high quality sheet of glass used for windows of shops or doors

板ガラス, ショーウィンドウのガラス

板ガラス, ショーウィンドウのガラス

mortar
[名詞]

a substance that is a mixture of sand, cement, and water, used for fixing bricks and stones in a building

モルタル, セメント

モルタル, セメント

masonry
[名詞]

stones or bricks that a building or wall is made of

石積み, 煉瓦積み

石積み, 煉瓦積み

marble
[名詞]

a type of hard smooth rock that is mostly white in color and has colored lines, which is used as building material or in making statues

大理石, マーブルストーン

大理石, マーブルストーン

Ex: The kitchen countertops were made of polished marble, adding a touch of sophistication to the modern design .キッチンのカウンタートップは磨かれた**大理石**で作られており、モダンなデザインに洗練された雰囲気を加えていました。
joist
[名詞]

a metal or wooden thick bar used in buildings to support a ceiling or floor

梁, 根太

梁, 根太

drywall
[名詞]

a building material that is consisted of a layer of plaster between two sheets of thick paper, used for covering walls and ceilings

ドライウォール, 石膏ボード

ドライウォール, 石膏ボード

Ex: The drywall in the new office building was installed with soundproofing materials to reduce noise .
cement
[名詞]

a gray powdery substance that becomes hard if it is mixed with water and sand, used for construction purposes such as sticking bricks of a wall together

セメント

セメント

Ex: She smoothed the wet cement with a trowel , carefully shaping it into the desired form for the garden path .彼女はこてを使って湿った**セメント**を滑らかにし、慎重に庭の小道のために望ましい形に成形した。
breeze block
[名詞]

a building block that is light in weight and is made of mixture of cement with sand and ashes of coal

軽量コンクリートブロック, 灰ブロック

軽量コンクリートブロック, 灰ブロック

asbestos
[名詞]

a soft greyish substance that is resistant to fire and heat and was previously used in the buildings, clothing, etc.

アスベスト, 石綿

アスベスト, 石綿

Ex: Asbestos was once widely used for its fire-resistant properties , but its use has been largely banned due to serious health concerns .**アスベスト**はかつてその耐火性のために広く使用されていましたが、深刻な健康上の懸念からその使用は大部分禁止されています。
cork
[名詞]

a versatile material derived from the outer bark of the cork oak tree, known for its lightweight, elastic, and impermeable qualities, used in various applications

コルク, コルク材

コルク, コルク材

a type of sheet metal that is formed into a series of parallel ridges and grooves, creating a wavy or ribbed pattern

波板金属, 段ボール金属

波板金属, 段ボール金属

a corrosion-resistant alloy used in various industries for its durability and aesthetic qualities

ステンレス鋼, ステンレス

ステンレス鋼, ステンレス

metal mesh
[名詞]

a material made from interconnected metal wires or strands woven or welded together to form a flexible and open pattern

金属メッシュ, 金属網

金属メッシュ, 金属網

glass block
[名詞]

a solid, translucent block made of glass, typically square or rectangular in shape, used in architectural and design applications

ガラスブロック, ガラスレンガ

ガラスブロック, ガラスレンガ

concrete elements that are cast and cured in a controlled environment before being transported to the construction site

プレキャストコンクリート, プレキャストコンクリート部材

プレキャストコンクリート, プレキャストコンクリート部材

stone veneer
[名詞]

a thin layer of natural or manufactured stone that is applied to the surface of a wall or structure to simulate the appearance of a full stone construction

ストーンベニア, 石張り

ストーンベニア, 石張り

Ex: The patio wall was finished with a durable stone veneer that blends well with the garden .パティオの壁は、庭によく調和する耐久性のある**ストーン・ベニア**で仕上げられました。
slate tile
[名詞]

a type of thin, flat tile made from natural slate stone, commonly used in flooring, roofing, and wall applications

スレートタイル, スレートのタイル

スレートタイル, スレートのタイル

Ex: The homeowner selected slate tiles for the hallway to create a rustic yet elegant feel .家主は、廊下に**スレートタイル**を選び、素朴でエレガントな雰囲気を作り出しました。
roofing tile
[名詞]

a type of building material designed specifically for covering and protecting roofs

屋根瓦, 屋根タイル

屋根瓦, 屋根タイル

Ex: The architect suggested using decorative roofing tiles to enhance the building 's appearance .建築家は、建物の外観を向上させるために装飾用の**屋根瓦**を使用することを提案しました。
thatch
[名詞]

reeds or straws that are used to build a roof

わら, わらぶき屋根

わら, わらぶき屋根

adobe
[名詞]

a building material consisting of the mixture mud and straw dried in the sun

アドベ, 日干しレンガ

アドベ, 日干しレンガ

a durable and lightweight thermoplastic material commonly used in construction for its high impact resistance and transparency

ポリカーボネート, 高い耐衝撃性と透明性のために建設で一般的に使用される耐久性があり軽量な熱可塑性材料

ポリカーボネート, 高い耐衝撃性と透明性のために建設で一般的に使用される耐久性があり軽量な熱可塑性材料

Ex: Polycarbonate roofing is often used for outdoor areas because it is durable and lets in plenty of light.
vinyl
[名詞]

a synthetic plastic material widely used in construction for its durability, versatility, and affordability

ビニール, PVC

ビニール, PVC

GFRC
[名詞]

a composite material that combines cement, sand, water, and glass fibers to create a strong and lightweight concrete product

強くて軽量なコンクリート製品を作るためにセメント、砂、水、ガラス繊維を組み合わせた複合材料, 軽量で頑丈なコンクリートを生産するためにセメント、砂、水、ガラス繊維を混ぜ合わせたガラス繊維強化セメント複合材料

強くて軽量なコンクリート製品を作るためにセメント、砂、水、ガラス繊維を組み合わせた複合材料, 軽量で頑丈なコンクリートを生産するためにセメント、砂、水、ガラス繊維を混ぜ合わせたガラス繊維強化セメント複合材料

Ex: The contractor suggested GFRC for the new sculptures in the park due to its durability and weather resistance .
plaster
[名詞]

a material with a soft texture that is a combination of sand, water, and lime which is used to cover walls and ceilings to smooth their surface

漆喰, プラスター

漆喰, プラスター

clay
[名詞]

a type of heavy and sticky soil that is molded when wet and is baked to become hardened in pottery or ceramic making

粘土, 土

粘土, 土

Ex: The clay hardened after being baked in the kiln .**粘土**は窯で焼かれた後、硬化しました。
lumber
[名詞]

wood that has been cut into specific pieces to be used for building purposes

材木, 建築用木材

材木, 建築用木材

ceramic
[名詞]

a non-metallic, inorganic material that is typically made from clay, minerals, and other raw materials

セラミック, 陶器

セラミック, 陶器

Ex: Ceramic is are ideal for making durable, long-lasting products.**セラミック**は耐久性のある長持ちする製品を作るのに理想的です。
terracotta
[名詞]

a type of fired clay that is commonly used for architectural and decorative purposes

テラコッタ, 焼き粘土

テラコッタ, 焼き粘土

metal
[名詞]

a usually solid and hard substance that heat and electricity can move through, such as gold, iron, etc.

金属

金属

Ex: Mercury is a unique metal that is liquid at room temperature , commonly used in thermometers and barometers .水銀は室温で液体であるユニークな**金属**で、一般的に温度計や気圧計に使用されます。
glass
[名詞]

a hard material that is often clear and is used for making windows, bottles, etc.

ガラス, グラス

ガラス, グラス

Ex: Modern smartphones use toughened glass to protect their screens .
steel
[名詞]

a type of hard metal that is made of a mixture of iron and carbon, used in construction of buildings, vehicles, etc.

鋼, 硬い金属

鋼, 硬い金属

Ex: The ship was built with steel to withstand the harsh conditions at sea .その船は、海上の過酷な条件に耐えるために**鋼鉄**で造られました。
stone
[名詞]

a hard material, usually made of minerals, and often used for building things

石

Ex: The quarry produces various types of stone for construction projects .採石場は建設プロジェクト用にさまざまな種類の**石**を生産します。
brick
[名詞]

a block of baked clay, mostly used to build houses, walls, etc.

レンガ, 煉瓦

レンガ, 煉瓦

Ex: He learned how to lay bricks as part of his training in construction .彼は建設の訓練の一環として**レンガ**を積む方法を学びました。
concrete
[名詞]

a hard material used for building structures, made by mixing cement, water, sand, and small stones

コンクリート

コンクリート

Ex: The construction project involved a large amount of concrete for various structures .その建設プロジェクトでは、さまざまな構造物に大量の**コンクリート**が使用されました。
roofing
[名詞]

materials that are used for building a roof

屋根材,  屋根用材料

屋根材, 屋根用材料

board
[名詞]

a flat, long, and thin piece made of wood used for building a house, apartment, etc.

板, ボード

板, ボード

plank
[名詞]

a long, flat, and rectangular piece of wood or other materials, typically used in construction, flooring, or as a structural element in various applications

板, プランク

板, プランク

clapboard
[名詞]

a type of wooden siding made from overlapping, tapered boards, commonly used for weather-resistant and visually appealing exterior cladding in residential construction

鎧張り, 重ね張りの木製サイディング

鎧張り, 重ね張りの木製サイディング

fiberboard
[名詞]

an engineered wood product made from wood fibers or plant-based fibers, used in construction and furniture manufacturing for its versatility and cost-effectiveness

ファイバーボード, 繊維板

ファイバーボード, 繊維板

Ex: We replaced the old drywall with fiberboard, which is more resistant to moisture .
floorboard
[名詞]

a long, narrow plank, typically made of wood or other materials, used as a structural or decorative component in the construction of floors, providing a sturdy and visually appealing surface for walking or supporting furniture

床板, フロアボード

床板, フロアボード

hardboard
[名詞]

a dense and durable engineered wood product made by compressing wood fibers, commonly used in furniture, cabinets, and wall paneling

ハードボード, 繊維板

ハードボード, 繊維板

Ex: The designer selected hardboard for the wall panels because it is resistant to moisture and easy to clean .
plywood
[名詞]

a strong and versatile engineered wood product made by bonding layers of thin wood veneers together, widely used in construction, furniture, and other applications

合板, ベニヤ板

合板, ベニヤ板

Ex: Plywood is a popular material for DIY projects because it is easy to cut and shape .
shingle
[名詞]

a thin, flat piece of material, often made of wood, asphalt, or slate, that is laid in overlapping rows to cover the roof of a building, providing protection against weather elements

屋根板, シングル

屋根板, シングル

insulation
[名詞]

the materials that are used to cover something in order not to let heat, electricity, or sound to enter or escape through it

断熱材、絶縁材

断熱材、絶縁材

Ex: Proper insulation of the pipes prevents them from freezing during cold weather .パイプの適切な**断熱**は、寒い天候での凍結を防ぎます。
flooring
[名詞]

the materials that make up the floor of a building or room

床材, 床

床材, 床

Ex: The warehouse installed industrial-grade epoxy flooring for durability in heavy traffic areas.倉庫は、交通量の多い場所での耐久性のために工業用エポキシ**床材**を設置しました。

a strong and durable construction material created by introducing internal stresses through tensioned steel tendons within the concrete

プレストレストコンクリート, PCコンクリート

プレストレストコンクリート, PCコンクリート

Ex: Pre-stressed concrete is often used for large spans in bridges because it can carry more weight without bending .
brownstone
[名詞]

a type of sedimentary rock, typically sandstone, that is brown or reddish-brown in color and used for constructing facades and decorative elements in buildings

ブラウンストーン, 茶色の砂岩

ブラウンストーン, 茶色の砂岩

a synthetic thermoplastic polymer widely used in various applications, including construction, plumbing, electrical insulation, and packaging, due to its durability, versatility, and cost-effectiveness

ポリ塩化ビニル, 塩化ビニル樹脂

ポリ塩化ビニル, 塩化ビニル樹脂

Ex: The construction project used PVC siding for the house, as it is both cost-effective and long-lasting.
建築と建設
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