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TOEFL을 위한 필수 어휘 - 법과 질서

여기서는 TOEFL 시험에 필요한 "justice", "bill", "clause" 등 법과 질서에 관한 영어 단어를 학습합니다.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
[명사]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

정의, 공정

정의, 공정

Ex: They believed that justice could only be achieved through reforms in the legal system .
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constitution
[명사]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

헌법, 규약

헌법, 규약

Ex: constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .
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bill
[명사]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

법안, 법률안

법안, 법률안

Ex: bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .
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clause
[명사]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

조항, 항

조항, 항

Ex: The constitution contains a clause that protects individuals ' rights to express themselves without censorship from the government .
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statute
[명사]

an officially written and established law

법령, 법규

법령, 법규

Ex: Under statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .
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act
[명사]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

법령, 법안

법령, 법안

Ex: The civil act was a significant milestone in the fight for equality and justice .
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legislative
[형용사]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

입법의, 법률 제정의

입법의, 법률 제정의

Ex: legislative process typically involves multiple stages , including committee review , floor debate , and final vote .
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legislation
[명사]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

법률, 입법

법률, 입법

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attorney
[명사]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

변호사, 법률 대리인

변호사, 법률 대리인

Ex: attorney advised her on the best course of action for the lawsuit .
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to pass
[동사]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

법안을 통과시키다, 제정을 하다

법안을 통과시키다, 제정을 하다

Ex: The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .
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declaration
[명사]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

선언문, 서면 진술서

선언문, 서면 진술서

Ex: The company issued declaration of compliance with industry standards to assure consumers of their product 's safety .
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hearing
[명사]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

청문회, 심리

청문회, 심리

Ex: The judge called for a hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial .
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judicial
[형용사]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

사법의, 재판의

사법의, 재판의

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before judicial authorities .
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legitimate
[형용사]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

합법적인, 정당한

합법적인, 정당한

Ex: The agreement was negotiated and signed legitimate terms and conditions .
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plea
[명사]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

청원, 항변

청원, 항변

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.
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to prosecute
[동사]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

기소하다, 검찰하다

기소하다, 검찰하다

Ex: He hired an expert to prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .
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the state of being represented or the act of representing

대표성, 표현

대표성, 표현

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authority
[명사]

(usually plural) people with decision-making power over a specific area in a country

당국, 권위자

당국, 권위자

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ruling
[명사]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

판결 (pan-gyeol), 결정 (gyeoljeong)

판결 (pan-gyeol), 결정 (gyeoljeong)

Ex: The school boardruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students .
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to sentence
[동사]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

형을 선고하다, 판결을 내리다

형을 선고하다, 판결을 내리다

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .
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to testify
[동사]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

증언하다, 목격하다

증언하다, 목격하다

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing testify truthfully for a fair trial .
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testimony
[명사]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

증언, 진술

증언, 진술

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of testimony.
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witness
[명사]

(law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

증인, 참고인

증인, 참고인

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evidence
[명사]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

증거, 입증

증거, 입증

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .
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trial
[명사]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

재판, 심리

재판, 심리

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .
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verdict
[명사]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

평결, 판결

평결, 판결

Ex: The media reported on the verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .
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bail
[명사]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

보석금, 보석

보석금, 보석

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond.
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to appeal
[동사]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

항소하다, 상소하다

항소하다, 상소하다

Ex: The defendant decided appeal the verdict of the lower court in hopes of receiving a more favorable outcome .
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defendant
[명사]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

피고인, 피고

피고인, 피고

Ex: defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .
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draft
[명사]

an unfinished version of something written that might be subject to change before it is finished

초안, 초고

초안, 초고

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to charge
[동사]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

기소하다, 혐의를 제기하다

기소하다, 혐의를 제기하다

Ex: Right now , the legal team charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .
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action
[명사]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

소송 (sosong), 행위 (haengwi)

소송 (sosong), 행위 (haengwi)

Ex: The plaintiff initiated legal action to seek damages for the harm done.
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lawsuit
[명사]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

소송 (sosong), 법적 주장 (beopjeok jujang)

소송 (sosong), 법적 주장 (beopjeok jujang)

Ex: lawsuit dragged on for years , causing financial strain on both parties involved .
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to sue
[동사]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

고소하다, 소송을 제기하다

고소하다, 소송을 제기하다

Ex: Last year , the author sued the competitor for plagiarism .
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proceedings
[명사]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

법적 절차, 소송 절차

법적 절차, 소송 절차

Ex: proceedings were marked by intense arguments between the opposing counsels .
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sheriff
[명사]

an elected officer of law in a county

보안관, 셔리프

보안관, 셔리프

Ex: He served sheriff for over two decades , earning the respect of the local community .
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inspector
[명사]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

관찰관, 경찰 관할 직원

관찰관, 경찰 관할 직원

Ex: Inspector Johnson was commended for his diligent work in uncovering corruption within the department.
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