pattern

Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Batas at Kaayusan

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa batas at kaayusan, tulad ng "katarungan", "panukalang batas", "sugnay", atbp., na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa TOEFL.

Repasuhin

Flashcards

mga anyo

Pagbaybay

Pagsusulit

Simulan ang pag-aaral
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
justice
[Pangngalan]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

katarungan

katarungan

Ex: The victim's family sought justice through the court system for the crimes committed against their loved one. 
constitution
constitution
[Pangngalan]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

saligang batas

saligang batas

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
bill
bill
[Pangngalan]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

panukalang batas, mungkahing batas

panukalang batas, mungkahing batas

Ex: After several debates, the bill was passed and became law. 
clause
clause
[Pangngalan]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

sugnay, artikulo

sugnay, artikulo

Ex: The rental agreement includes a clause specifying the responsibilities of both the landlord and the tenant. 
statute
statute
[Pangngalan]

an officially written and established law

batas, estatuto

batas, estatuto

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
act
act
[Pangngalan]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

batas, akt

batas, akt

Ex: The new education act aims to improve the quality of schools nationwide. 
legislative
legislative
[pang-uri]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

lehislatibo

lehislatibo

Ex: The legislative branch of government is responsible for proposing, debating, and passing laws. 
legislation
legislation
[Pangngalan]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

batas, legislasyon

batas, legislasyon

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 
attorney
attorney
[Pangngalan]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

abogado, tagapagtanggol

abogado, tagapagtanggol

Ex: The attorney presented a strong case in court on behalf of his client. 
to pass
to pass
[Pandiwa]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

ipasa, aprubahan

ipasa, aprubahan

Ex: In 1996, Congress unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Act. 
declaration
declaration
[Pangngalan]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

deklarasyon

deklarasyon

Ex: The parties signed a declaration of intent to formalize their agreement. 
hearing
hearing
[Pangngalan]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

pagdinig, sesyon

pagdinig, sesyon

Ex: The judge scheduled a hearing to review the evidence presented by both parties. 
judicial
judicial
[pang-uri]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

panghukuman

panghukuman

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 
legitimate
legitimate
[pang-uri]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

lehitimo, awtorisado

lehitimo, awtorisado

Ex: The company's operations were deemed legitimate after passing all regulatory inspections. 
plea
plea
[Pangngalan]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

pahayag, paninindigan

pahayag, paninindigan

Ex: The defendant entered a plea of not guilty to the charges. 
to prosecute
to prosecute
[Pandiwa]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

usigin, paratangin

usigin, paratangin

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
representation
representation
[Pangngalan]

the state of being represented or the act of representing

representasyon, pagkatawan

representasyon, pagkatawan

authority
authority
[Pangngalan]

a person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others

awtoridad, kapangyarihan

awtoridad, kapangyarihan

Ex: Local authorities regulate public services. 
ruling
ruling
[Pangngalan]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

desisyon, hatol

desisyon, hatol

Ex: The Supreme Court's ruling on the case set a precedent for future privacy rights. 
to sentence
to sentence
[Pandiwa]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

hatulan

hatulan

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 
to testify
to testify
[Pandiwa]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

sumaksi, magpatotoo

sumaksi, magpatotoo

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 
testimony
testimony
[Pangngalan]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

patotoo, pahayag

patotoo, pahayag

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
witness
witness
[Pangngalan]

a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

saksi, testigo

saksi, testigo

Ex: The witness testified in court about what they saw. 
evidence
evidence
[Pangngalan]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

ebidensya, katibayan

ebidensya, katibayan

Ex: The prosecution presented compelling evidence, including DNA analysis and eyewitness testimony, to support their case. 
trial
trial
[Pangngalan]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

paglilitis, pagsubok

paglilitis, pagsubok

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified and evidence was presented. 
verdict
verdict
[Pangngalan]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

hatol, pasya

hatol, pasya

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 
bail
bail
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

piyansa, kalayaan sa ilalim ng piyansa

piyansa, kalayaan sa ilalim ng piyansa

Ex: The judge set bail at $10,000 for the defendant's release from jail before the trial. 
to appeal
to appeal
[Pandiwa]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

mag-apela, maghain ng apela

mag-apela, maghain ng apela

Ex: The defense attorney filed a motion to appeal the sentencing imposed by the trial court. 
defendant
defendant
[Pangngalan]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

nasasakdal, akusado

nasasakdal, akusado

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 
draft
draft
[Pangngalan]

a preliminary version of a written text, subject to revision before being finalized

borador, burador

borador, burador

Ex: She emailed the first draft of her essay. 
to charge
to charge
[Pandiwa]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

paratang, isakdal

paratang, isakdal

Ex: The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with theft based on the evidence. 
action
action
[Pangngalan]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

aksiyon, prosesong legal

aksiyon, prosesong legal

Ex: The action was filed to resolve the dispute between the two parties. 
lawsuit
lawsuit
[Pangngalan]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

demanda, usapin

demanda, usapin

Ex: She filed a lawsuit against the company for wrongful termination. 
to sue
to sue
[Pandiwa]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

magdemanda, isakdal

magdemanda, isakdal

Ex: The dissatisfied customer decided to sue the company for breach of contract. 
proceedings
proceedings
[Pangngalan]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

proseso,  paglilitis

proseso, paglilitis

Ex: The lawyer reviewed the court proceedings carefully before the trial. 
sheriff
sheriff
[Pangngalan]

an elected officer of law in a county

sheriff, hinahal na opisyal ng pulisya

sheriff, hinahal na opisyal ng pulisya

Ex: The sheriff's deputies patrolled the rural county to ensure community safety. 
inspector
inspector
[Pangngalan]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

inspektor, opisyal ng pulisya

inspektor, opisyal ng pulisya

Ex: The inspector led the investigation into the robbery. 
LanGeek
I-download ang app ng LanGeek