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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - batas at kaayusan

Dito ay matututunan mo ang ilang salitang Ingles tungkol sa batas at kaayusan, tulad ng "hustisya", "bill", "clause", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
[Pangngalan]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

katarungan, justisya

katarungan, justisya

constitution
[Pangngalan]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

Konstitusyon, Saligang Batas

Konstitusyon, Saligang Batas

bill
[Pangngalan]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

panukalang batas, batas na panukala

panukalang batas, batas na panukala

clause
[Pangngalan]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klausula, probisyon

klausula, probisyon

statute
[Pangngalan]

an officially written and established law

batas, statwa

batas, statwa

act
[Pangngalan]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

batas, akto

batas, akto

Ex: The civil act was a significant milestone in the fight for equality and justice .
legislative
[pang-uri]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

pambatas, legislatibo

pambatas, legislatibo

attorney
[Pangngalan]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

abogado, lawyer

abogado, lawyer

to pass
[Pandiwa]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

ipasa, tanggapin

ipasa, tanggapin

Ex: The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .
declaration
[Pangngalan]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

deklarasyon, pahayag

deklarasyon, pahayag

hearing
[Pangngalan]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

pags hearing, pagsusuri

pags hearing, pagsusuri

judicial
[pang-uri]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

hukuman, judisyaryo

hukuman, judisyaryo

legitimate
[pang-uri]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

lehitimo, tinatanggap na

lehitimo, tinatanggap na

plea
[Pangngalan]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

pagaangkin, pahayag ng depensa

pagaangkin, pahayag ng depensa

to prosecute
[Pandiwa]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

usigin, magprosecute

usigin, magprosecute

ruling
[Pangngalan]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

paghahabol, desisyon

paghahabol, desisyon

to sentence
[Pandiwa]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

pagsentensiya, nagpataw ng parusa

pagsentensiya, nagpataw ng parusa

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .
to testify
[Pandiwa]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

magpatotoo, magsalaysay

magpatotoo, magsalaysay

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing testify truthfully for a fair trial .
testimony
[Pangngalan]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

testimonio, patotoo

testimonio, patotoo

evidence
[Pangngalan]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

katunayan, ebidensiya

katunayan, ebidensiya

trial
[Pangngalan]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

pagsubok, pagsasakdal

pagsubok, pagsasakdal

verdict
[Pangngalan]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

hatol, pasya

hatol, pasya

bail
[Pangngalan]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

piyansa, bail

piyansa, bail

to appeal
[Pandiwa]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

mang-apela, mag-apela

mang-apela, mag-apela

Ex: The defendant decided appeal the verdict of the lower court in hopes of receiving a more favorable outcome .
defendant
[Pangngalan]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

akusahang partido, manggagawa ng kaso

akusahang partido, manggagawa ng kaso

to charge
[Pandiwa]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

akusahan, sampahan ng kaso

akusahan, sampahan ng kaso

action
[Pangngalan]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

aksyon, kaso

aksyon, kaso

Ex: The plaintiff initiated action to seek damages for the harm done .
lawsuit
[Pangngalan]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

sampang sibil, kaso

sampang sibil, kaso

to sue
[Pandiwa]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

mag-sampa ng kaso, mag-demanda

mag-sampa ng kaso, mag-demanda

proceedings
[Pangngalan]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

mga pagdinig sa hukuman, mga proseso sa hukuman

mga pagdinig sa hukuman, mga proseso sa hukuman

sheriff
[Pangngalan]

an elected officer of law in a county

hepe ng pulis, sheriff

hepe ng pulis, sheriff

inspector
[Pangngalan]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

Inspektor, Sersyant (though this may refer more generally to a sergeant

Inspektor, Sersyant (though this may refer more generally to a sergeant

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