Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - batas at kaayusan

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

katarungan

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

saligang batas

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

panukalang batas, mungkahing batas

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klawusula, talata

an officially written and established law

batasan, batas

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

batas, akto

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

legislative, paggawa ng batas

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

legislasyon, batas

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

abogado, abogada

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

ipasa, tanggapin

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

deklaraasyon, opisyal na dokumento

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

pagdinig, pagsusuri

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

hukuman, hukom

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

legitimo, tinatanggap

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

pahayag, apela

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

magsampa ng kaso, litigasyon

the state of being represented or the act of representing

representasyon, pagsasakatawan

(usually plural) people with decision-making power over a specific area in a country

awtoridad, mga kapangyarihan

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

pasya, desisyon

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

hatulan, sagutin

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

magpatotoo, magsalaysay

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

patoto, pagsasaksi

(law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

testigo

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

katibayan, ebidensya

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

pagsubok, pagsasakdal

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

pasya, hatol

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

pautang, panga

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

mag-apela, manghimok

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

dinidiborsyo, akusado

an unfinished version of something written that might be subject to change before it is finished

dampot, borrador

to officially accuse someone of an offense

akusahan, pagsakdal

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

hapag-action, proses legal

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

kaso, ang reklamo

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

humantong sa hukuman, magdemanda

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

mga proseso, pagdinig

an elected officer of law in a county

shérif, hepe

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

inspektor, inspektora