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TOEFL için Gerekli Kelime Bilgisi - Kanun ve Düzen

Burada, TOEFL sınavı için gerekli olan "adalet", "yasa tasarısı", "madde" gibi hukuk ve düzenle ilgili bazı İngilizce kelimeleri öğreneceksiniz.

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Öğrenmeye başla
Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
justice
[isim]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

adalet

adalet

Ex: They believed that true justice could only be achieved through reforms in the legal system. 
constitution

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

anayasa

anayasa

Ex: In Canada, the constitution includes both written laws and unwritten conventions that shape the functioning of the government. 
bill
bill
[isim]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

kanun tasarısı

kanun tasarısı

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members. 
clause
clause
[isim]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

madde

madde

Ex: The employment contract includes a non-compete clause preventing the employee from working for a competitor for a certain period after leaving the company. 
statute
statute
[isim]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

kanun

kanun

Ex: The company was fined for violating a federal statute. 
act
act
[isim]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

kanun, yasa

kanun, yasa

Ex: The tax reform act includes several changes to the existing tax laws. 
legislative
legislative
[sıfat]

relating to the process or power of making and passing laws

yasama

yasama

Ex: The constitution gives parliament legislative power. 
legislation

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

kanunlar

kanunlar

Ex: Critics argue that the tax legislation favors large corporations. 
attorney
attorney
[isim]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

avukat

avukat

Ex: They hired an attorney to represent them in the business dispute. 

İş anlaşmazlığında kendilerini temsil etmesi için bir avukat tuttular.

to pass
to pass
[fiil]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

kanunlaştırmak, onaydan geçirmek

kanunlaştırmak, onaydan geçirmek

Ex: The government has passed new legislation to protect consumers. 
declaration

a signed written statement giving information or affirming that something is true, especially for legal or official purposes

duyuru

duyuru

Ex: The lawyer attached her client's signed declaration to the application. 
hearing
hearing
[isim]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

duruşma

duruşma

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness during the preliminary hearing. 
judicial
judicial
[sıfat]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

hukuki

hukuki

Ex: Legal disputes are resolved through the judicial process, which includes hearings, trials, and appeals. 

Yasal anlaşmazlıklar, duruşmalar, davalar ve temyizleri içeren yargı süreciyle çözülür.

legitimate
legitimate
[sıfat]

allowed, authorized, or recognized by law

meşru

meşru

Ex: Investigators found no evidence that the money came from a legitimate source. 
plea
plea
[isim]

a formal answer given in court to a criminal charge, stating whether the accused is guilty or not guilty

savunma

savunma

Ex: His lawyer advised him to withdraw the guilty plea. 
to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

hakkında soruşturma açmak

hakkında soruşturma açmak

Ex: The lawyer worked tirelessly to prosecute the case, hoping for a conviction. 

Avukat, bir mahkumiyet umuduyla davayı kovuşturmak için durmadan çalıştı.

representation

the state of being represented or the act of representing

temsil, temsil etme

temsil, temsil etme

Ex: The exhibition explores the representation of nature in modern art. 
authority
authority
[isim]

a person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others

resmi yetkisi olan grup veya devlet dairesi

resmi yetkisi olan grup veya devlet dairesi

Ex: Transportation authorities manage the train schedules. 
ruling
ruling
[isim]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

hüküm

hüküm

Ex: Citizens protested against the government's ruling to increase taxes without public consultation. 
to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

ceza vermek, hüküm giydirmek

ceza vermek, hüküm giydirmek

Ex: Last year, the jury unanimously sentenced the defendant to a lengthy prison term. 
to testify

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

tanıklık yapmak

tanıklık yapmak

Ex: Last year, the victim unexpectedly testified against the accused in the trial. 

Geçen yıl, mağdur duruşmada beklenmedik bir şekilde sanık aleyhine tanıklık etti.

testimony
testimony
[isim]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

tanıklık

tanıklık

Ex: The court adjourned for the day after hearing hours of expert testimony. 
witness
witness
[isim]

a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

tanık, şahit

tanık, şahit

Ex: Witnesses gave conflicting accounts during the trial. 
evidence
evidence
[isim]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

kanıt

kanıt

Ex: The detective collected fingerprints and other forensic evidence from the crime scene to aid in the investigation. 
trial
trial
[isim]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

yargılama, duruşma

yargılama, duruşma

Ex: The trial attracted a lot of media attention due to the high-profile nature of the case. 
verdict
verdict
[isim]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

hüküm, karar

hüküm, karar

Ex: The verdict surprised many people in the courtroom. 
bail
bail
[isim]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

kefalet

kefalet

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond. 
to appeal
to appeal
[fiil]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

resmen talep etmek, başvuruda bulunmak

resmen talep etmek, başvuruda bulunmak

Ex: After careful consideration, the company's legal team decided to appeal the injunction issued by the district court. 
defendant
defendant
[isim]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

sanık, davalı

sanık, davalı

Ex: The judge instructed the jury to consider all the evidence presented before reaching a verdict on the defendant's case. 
draft
draft
[isim]

a preliminary version of a written text, subject to revision before being finalized

taslak

taslak

Ex: The draft was full of notes and corrections. 
to charge
to charge
[fiil]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

suçlamak, itham etmek

suçlamak, itham etmek

Ex: Last year, the authorities successfully charged the suspect with money laundering. 
action
action
[isim]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

dava

dava

Ex: Legal action was taken after the contract was violated. 
lawsuit
lawsuit
[isim]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

dava

dava

Ex: The judge dismissed the lawsuit due to lack of evidence supporting the claims. 
to sue
to sue
[fiil]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

Mahkemeye vermek

Mahkemeye vermek

Ex: The attorney is suing the corporation on behalf of the wronged employees. 
proceedings

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

yasal işlem

yasal işlem

Ex: The judge announced that the proceedings would be adjourned until next week. 

Hakim, dava işlemlerinin gelecek haftaya erteleneceğini açıkladı.

sheriff
sheriff
[isim]

an elected officer of law in a county

şerif

şerif

Ex: He served as sheriff for over two decades, earning the respect of the local community. 

İki yıldan fazla bir süre şerif olarak görev yaptı ve yerel toplumun saygısını kazandı.

inspector
inspector
[isim]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

komiser

komiser

Ex: The inspector coordinated the efforts of several officers. 
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