المفردات الضرورية للاختبار TOEFL - القانون والنظام

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

العدالة

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

دستور

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

مشروع قانون, قانون مقترح

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

بند, فقرة

an officially written and established law

نظام, قانون

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

قانون, تشريع

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

تشريعي, تشريعية

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

تشريع, قانون

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

محامي, مستشار قانوني

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

إقرار, تبني

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

إعلان, وثيقة رسمية

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

جلسة, استماع

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

قضائي, عدلي

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

شرعي, قانوني

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

التماس, دعوى

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

محاكمة, تقديم للمحاكمة

the state of being represented or the act of representing

تمثيل, تمثيلية

(usually plural) people with decision-making power over a specific area in a country

السلطات, الهيئات

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

حكم, قرار

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

يحكم على, يصدر حكم

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

يشهد, يدلي بشهادة

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

شهادة, إفادة

(law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

شاهد

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

دليل, إثبات

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

محكمة, محاكمة

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

الحكم, قرار المحلفين

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

كفالة, تأمين

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

استئناف, طعن

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

المتهم, المدعى عليه

an unfinished version of something written that might be subject to change before it is finished

مسودة, نسخة أولية

to officially accuse someone of an offense

اتهم, وجه تهمة

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

إجراء قانوني, دعوى قضائية

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

دعوى, قضية

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

يقاضي, يتقدم بدعوى ضد

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

إجراءات, مداولات

an elected officer of law in a county

شيرف, عمدة

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

مفتش, مفتشة