المفردات الضرورية للاختبار TOEFL - القانون والنظام

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

relating to the process or power of making and passing laws

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

a signed written statement giving information or affirming that something is true, especially for legal or official purposes

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

allowed, authorized, or recognized by law

a formal answer given in court to a criminal charge, stating whether the accused is guilty or not guilty

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

the state of being represented or the act of representing

a person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

a preliminary version of a written text, subject to revision before being finalized

to officially accuse someone of an offense

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

an elected officer of law in a county

a police officer holding an intermediate rank