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托福必备词汇 - 法律和秩序

在这里你将学习托福考试所需的一些有关法律和秩序的英语单词,例如“justice”、“bill”、“clause”等。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
[名词]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

公正, 正义

公正, 正义

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constitution
[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法,  Constitution

宪法, Constitution

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bill
[名词]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案, 议案

法案, 议案

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clause
[名词]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

条款, 条文

条款, 条文

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statute
[名词]

an officially written and established law

法典, 法律条文

法典, 法律条文

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act
[名词]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

法案, 法律

法案, 法律

Ex: The civil act was a significant milestone in the fight for equality and justice .
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legislative
[形容词]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

立法的, 立法上的

立法的, 立法上的

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attorney
[名词]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

律师, 法律代理人

律师, 法律代理人

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to pass
[动词]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

通过, 制定

通过, 制定

Ex: The United Nations Security Council passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .
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declaration
[名词]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

声明, 宣言

声明, 宣言

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hearing
[名词]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

听证会, 审理

听证会, 审理

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judicial
[形容词]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法的, 法庭的

司法的, 法庭的

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legitimate
[形容词]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

合法的, 正当的

合法的, 正当的

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plea
[名词]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

辩护, 抗辩

辩护, 抗辩

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to prosecute
[动词]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起诉, 控诉

起诉, 控诉

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ruling
[名词]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

裁决, 判决

裁决, 判决

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to sentence
[动词]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判刑, 宣判

判刑, 宣判

Ex: After the trial , the judge sentenced the convicted murderer .
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to testify
[动词]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

作证, 证明

作证, 证明

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing testify truthfully for a fair trial .
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testimony
[名词]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

证词,  testimony

证词, testimony

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evidence
[名词]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

证据, 证明

证据, 证明

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trial
[名词]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

审判, 试验

审判, 试验

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verdict
[名词]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

裁决, 判决

裁决, 判决

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bail
[名词]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

保释金, 保释费

保释金, 保释费

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to appeal
[动词]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

上诉, 申诉

上诉, 申诉

Ex: The defendant decided appeal the verdict of the lower court in hopes of receiving a more favorable outcome .
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defendant
[名词]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

被告, 被告人

被告, 被告人

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to charge
[动词]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

指控, 控告

指控, 控告

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action
[名词]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

诉讼, 案件

诉讼, 案件

Ex: The plaintiff initiated action to seek damages for the harm done .
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lawsuit
[名词]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

诉讼, 诉请

诉讼, 诉请

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to sue
[动词]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

起诉, 控告

起诉, 控告

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proceedings
[名词]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

法律程序, 诉讼程序

法律程序, 诉讼程序

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sheriff
[名词]

an elected officer of law in a county

县治安官, 县 sheriff

县治安官, 县 sheriff

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inspector
[名词]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

督察, 检查员

督察, 检查员

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