托福必备词汇 - 法律和秩序

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

正义

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

条款

an officially written and established law

法令

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

法案

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

立法的

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

立法

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

律师

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

通过

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

声明

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

听证会

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法的

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

合法的

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

请求

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起诉

the state of being represented or the act of representing

代表

(usually plural) people with decision-making power over a specific area in a country

当局

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

裁决

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判刑

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

作证

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

证词

(law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

证人

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

证据

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

审判

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

裁决

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

保释金

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

上诉

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

被告

an unfinished version of something written that might be subject to change before it is finished

草稿

to officially accuse someone of an offense

指控

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

法律行为

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

诉讼

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

起诉

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

诉讼程序

an elected officer of law in a county

治安官

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

警官