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托福必备词汇 - 法律与秩序

在这里,你将学习一些关于法律和秩序的英语单词,如“正义”、“法案”、“条款”等,这些是托福考试所需要的。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
justice
[名词]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

正义

正义

Ex: She dedicated her career to fighting for social justice and equality for all. 
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constitution
constitution
[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法

宪法

Ex: The constitution of South Africa, adopted in 1996, enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation. 
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bill
bill
[名词]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案, 法律提案

法案, 法律提案

Ex: The Senate voted on the bill yesterday. 
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clause
clause
[名词]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

条款, 条文

条款, 条文

Ex: The constitution contains a freedom of speech clause that protects individuals' rights to express themselves without censorship from the government. 
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statute
statute
[名词]

a written law formally enacted by a legislative body

法规

法规

Ex: The court ruled that the statute did not apply to this case. 
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act
act
[名词]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

法律, 法案

法律, 法案

Ex: The civil rights act was a significant milestone in the fight for equality and justice. 
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legislative
legislative
[形容词]

relating to the process or power of making and passing laws

Ex: The bill must pass through the legislative process before becoming law. 
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legislation
legislation
[名词]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

立法, 法律

立法, 法律

Ex: The legislation banning single-use plastics will take effect next year. 
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attorney
attorney
[名词]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

律师, 法律代表

律师, 法律代表

Ex: She consulted an attorney to help with her legal issues regarding the contract. 

她咨询了一位律师以帮助解决与合同有关的法律问题。

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to pass
to pass
[动词]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

通过, 批准

通过, 批准

Ex: The first Transport Act was passed in 1907. 
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declaration
declaration
[名词]

a signed written statement giving information or affirming that something is true, especially for legal or official purposes

声明书

声明书

Ex: The witness submitted a written declaration to the court. 
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hearing
hearing
[名词]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

听证会, 庭审

听证会, 庭审

Ex: The judge called for a competency hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial. 
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judicial
judicial
[形容词]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法的

司法的

Ex: Judicial review is a process by which courts examine the constitutionality of laws and governmental actions. 

司法审查是法院审查法律和政府行为合宪性的过程。

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legitimate
legitimate
[形容词]

allowed, authorized, or recognized by law

合法的

合法的

Ex: Sarah is the legitimate owner of the property. 
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plea
plea
[名词]

a formal answer given in court to a criminal charge, stating whether the accused is guilty or not guilty

答辩

答辩

Ex: She changed her plea from not guilty to guilty. 
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to prosecute
to prosecute
[动词]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起诉, 控告

起诉, 控告

Ex: She was asked to prosecute the case, bringing the defendant to trial for fraud. 

她被要求起诉此案,以欺诈罪将被告送上法庭。

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representation

the state of being represented or the act of representing

代表, 表现

代表, 表现

Ex: The report examined the representation of women in advertising. 
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authority
authority
[名词]

a person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others

权威, 权力

权威, 权力

Ex: Government authorities intervened in the dispute. 
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ruling
ruling
[名词]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

裁决, 判决

裁决, 判决

Ex: The school board's ruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students. 
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to sentence
to sentence
[动词]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判处

判处

Ex: After the trial, the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer. 
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to testify
to testify
[动词]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

作证, 证明

作证, 证明

Ex: The victim will testify against the accused in the upcoming trial. 

受害者将在即将到来的审判中作证指控被告。

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testimony
testimony
[名词]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

证词, 证言

证词, 证言

Ex: The jury carefully considered the eyewitness testimony during deliberations. 
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witness
witness
[名词]

a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

证人, 目击证人

证人, 目击证人

Ex: The judge reminded the witness to speak the truth. 
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evidence
evidence
[名词]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

证据, 证明

证据, 证明

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as valuable evidence for understanding past civilizations and events. 
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trial
trial
[名词]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

审判, 庭审

审判, 庭审

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements. 
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verdict
verdict
[名词]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

裁决,  判决

裁决, 判决

Ex: The court is expected to announce the verdict tomorrow. 
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bail
bail
[名词]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

保释金, 保释

保释金, 保释

Ex: The accused was unable to afford the bail amount and remained in custody until the court date. 
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to appeal
to appeal
[动词]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

上诉, 提出上诉

上诉, 提出上诉

Ex: The defendant decided to appeal the verdict of the lower court in hopes of receiving a more favorable outcome. 
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defendant
defendant
[名词]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

被告, 被告人

被告, 被告人

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial, maintaining innocence despite the prosecution's strong arguments. 
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draft
draft
[名词]

a preliminary version of a written text, subject to revision before being finalized

草稿, 初稿

草稿, 初稿

Ex: That draft eventually became the published article. 
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to charge
to charge
[动词]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

指控, 控告

指控, 控告

Ex: Right now, the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal. 
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action
action
[名词]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

诉讼, 法律程序

诉讼, 法律程序

Ex: The plaintiff initiated legal action to seek damages for the harm done. 
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lawsuit
lawsuit
[名词]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

诉讼, 官司

诉讼, 官司

Ex: The lawsuit alleged breach of contract and sought damages for financial losses. 
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to sue
to sue
[动词]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

起诉, 控告

起诉, 控告

Ex: Last year, the author successfully sued the competitor for plagiarism. 
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proceedings
proceedings
[名词]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

诉讼程序,  诉讼记录

诉讼程序, 诉讼记录

Ex: She attended the proceedings to testify as a witness in the case. 

她出席了诉讼程序,作为案件的证人作证。

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sheriff
sheriff
[名词]

an elected officer of law in a county

警长, 当选的警官

警长, 当选的警官

Ex: The sheriff's deputies patrolled the rural county to ensure community safety. 

警长的副手们在农村县巡逻以确保社区安全。

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inspector
inspector
[名词]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

督察, 警官

督察, 警官

Ex: The inspector questioned witnesses at the scene. 
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