托福必备词汇 - 法律与秩序

在这里，你将学习一些关于法律和秩序的英语单词，如“正义”、“法案”、“条款”等，这些是托福考试所需要的。

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justice

[名词]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

正义

Ex: They believed that true justice could only be achieved through reforms in the legal system .他们相信真正的**正义**只能通过法律体系的改革来实现。

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constitution

[名词]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

宪法

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .南非的**宪法**于1996年通过，将平等和人类尊严的原则作为国家的核心价值观。

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bill

[名词]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

法案, 法律提案

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .由于委员会成员之间的分歧，**法案**在立法过程中被延迟。

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clause

[名词]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

条款, 条文

Ex: The constitution contains a freedom of speech clause that protects individuals ' rights to express themselves without censorship from the government .宪法包含一项**条款**，即言论自由条款，保护个人在没有政府审查的情况下表达自己的权利。

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statute

[名词]

an officially written and established law

法令, 章程

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .根据**法规**，公司必须为员工提供年度安全培训。

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act

[名词]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

法律, 法案

Ex: The civil rights act was a significant milestone in the fight for equality and justice .民权**法案**是争取平等和正义的重要里程碑。

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legislative

[形容词]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

立法的

Ex: The legislative process typically involves multiple stages , including committee review , floor debate , and final vote .**立法**过程通常包括多个阶段，包括委员会审查、全体辩论和最终投票。

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legislation

[名词]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

立法

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attorney

[名词]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

律师, 法律代表

Ex: The attorney advised her on the best course of action for the lawsuit .**律师**就诉讼的最佳行动方案向她提供了建议。

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to pass

[动词]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

通过, 批准

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .联合国安理会**通过**了一项决议，要求两国恢复和平谈判。

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declaration

[名词]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

声明

Ex: The company issued a declaration of compliance with industry standards to assure consumers of their product 's safety .

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hearing

[名词]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

听证会, 庭审

Ex: The judge called for a competency hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial .法官要求进行能力**听证会**以确定被告是否适合受审。

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judicial

[形容词]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法的

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities .律师在向**司法**当局提出论据和证据方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

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legitimate

[形容词]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

合法的, 授权的

Ex: The agreement was negotiated and signed under legitimate terms and conditions .该协议是在**合法**条款和条件下谈判并签署的。

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plea

[名词]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

陈述, 抗辩

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.辩护律师基于与检方协商的**认罪协议**，主张减少指控。

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to prosecute

[动词]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起诉, 控告

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .他聘请了一位专家来帮助**起诉**此案，确保涵盖了所有法律角度。

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representation

[名词]

the state of being represented or the act of representing

代表, 表现

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authority

[名词]

(usually plural) people with decision-making power over a specific area in a country

当局, 权力机构

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ruling

[名词]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

裁决, 判决

Ex: The school board 's ruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students .学校董事会实施新着装规定的**裁决**在家长和学生中引发了争议。

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to sentence

[动词]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

判处

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .审判后，法官仔细地**判决**了被定罪的凶手。

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to testify

[动词]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

作证, 证明

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing to testify truthfully for a fair trial .法院依赖于愿意为公正审判而诚实**作证**的证人。

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testimony

[名词]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

证词, 证言

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their testimony.辩护律师盘问了证人，以质疑其**证词**的可信度。

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witness

[名词]

(law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

证人, 目击者

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evidence

[名词]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

证据, 证明

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as valuable evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .历史文件和文物作为理解过去文明和事件的宝贵**证据**。

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trial

[名词]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

审判, 庭审

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .律师为**审判**做了充分的准备，收集了所有必要的文件和证人证词。

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verdict

[名词]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

裁决, 判决

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .媒体报道了这一具有里程碑意义的**判决**，为刑法设立了新的先例。

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bail

[名词]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

保释金, 保释

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond.嫌疑人的家人团结起来为他筹集**保释金**。

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to appeal

[动词]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

上诉, 提出上诉

Ex: The defendant decided to appeal the verdict of the lower court in hopes of receiving a more favorable outcome .被告决定**上诉**下级法院的判决，希望能得到更有利的结果。

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defendant

[名词]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

被告, 被告人

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .**被告**在整个审判过程中保持冷静，尽管检方提出了强有力的论点，但仍坚持自己的清白。

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draft

[名词]

an unfinished version of something written that might be subject to change before it is finished

草稿, 草案

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to charge

[动词]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

指控, 控告

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .目前，法律团队正在**指控**涉及腐败丑闻的个人。

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action

[名词]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

诉讼, 法律程序

Ex: The plaintiff initiated legal action to seek damages for the harm done.原告发起法律**诉讼**以寻求对所造成的损害的赔偿。

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lawsuit

[名词]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

诉讼, 官司

Ex: The lawsuit dragged on for years , causing financial strain on both parties involved .**诉讼**拖了多年，给双方带来了经济压力。

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to sue

[动词]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

起诉, 控告

Ex: Last year , the author successfully sued the competitor for plagiarism .去年，作者成功**起诉**了竞争对手的抄袭行为。

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proceedings

[名词]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

诉讼程序, 诉讼记录

Ex: The proceedings were marked by intense arguments between the opposing counsels .**诉讼程序**因对立律师之间的激烈争论而引人注目。

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sheriff

[名词]

an elected officer of law in a county

警长, 当选的警官

Ex: He served as sheriff for over two decades , earning the respect of the local community .他担任**警长**超过二十年，赢得了当地社区的尊重。

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inspector

[名词]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

督察, 警官

Ex: Inspector Johnson was commended for his diligent work in uncovering corruption within the department.**督察**约翰逊因在揭露部门内部腐败方面的勤奋工作而受到表彰。

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托福必备词汇

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托福必备词汇 - 法律与秩序