واژگان ضروری برای TOEFL - قانون و نظم

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

عدالت

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

قانون اساسی

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

لایحه

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

بند قانون

an officially written and established law

قانون

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

لایحه

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

قانونی, وابسته به قانون‌گذاری

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

قوانین

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

وکیل

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

تصویب کردن

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

اظهارنامه

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

دادرسی, محاکمه

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

قضائی

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

مشروع, قانونی، حلال

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

دادخواست

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

اقامه دعوی کردن

the state of being represented or the act of representing

نمایندگی, وکالت، بازنمایی

(usually plural) people with decision-making power over a specific area in a country

مسئولین

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

حکم, رأی

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

محکوم کردن

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

شهادت دادن (در دادگاه)

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

شهادت (قانون)

(law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

شاهد (حقوقی)

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

مدرک, شاهد

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

محاکمه

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

حکم, قضاوت

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

وثیقه

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

فرجام خواستن

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

مدعی‌علیه, مدافع

an unfinished version of something written that might be subject to change before it is finished

پیش‌نویس, چرک‌نویس، طرح

to officially accuse someone of an offense

متهم کردن

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

اقامه دعوا

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

دادخواست, شکایت

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

از کسی شکایت کردن

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

اقدام قانونی

an elected officer of law in a county

کلانتر

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

معاون کلانتر