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Kosakata Penting untuk TOEFL - Hukum dan Ketertiban

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang hukum dan ketertiban, seperti "keadilan", "rancangan undang-undang", "klausa", dll., yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.

Tinjauan

Kartu flash

Ejaan

Kuis

Essential Words Needed for TOEFL

[Kata benda]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

keadilan

keadilan

Ex: They believed that true justice could only be achieved through reforms in the legal system .Mereka percaya bahwa **keadilan** sejati hanya bisa dicapai melalui reformasi sistem hukum.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

konstitusi

konstitusi

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .**Konstitusi** Afrika Selatan, yang diadopsi pada tahun 1996, menetapkan prinsip-prinsip kesetaraan dan martabat manusia sebagai nilai inti bangsa.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

rancangan undang-undang, usulan undang-undang

rancangan undang-undang, usulan undang-undang

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .**Rancangan undang-undang** tertunda dalam proses legislatif karena ketidaksepakatan di antara anggota komite.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klausa, pasal

klausa, pasal

Ex: The constitution contains a freedom of speech clause that protects individuals ' rights to express themselves without censorship from the government .Konstitusi mengandung **klausul** kebebasan berbicara yang melindungi hak individu untuk mengekspresikan diri tanpa sensor dari pemerintah.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an officially written and established law

undang-undang, statuta

undang-undang, statuta

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .Menurut **statuta**, perusahaan harus menyediakan pelatihan keselamatan tahunan untuk karyawan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

undang-undang, akta

undang-undang, akta

Ex: The civil rights act was a significant milestone in the fight for equality and justice .Undang-undang hak sipil merupakan tonggak penting dalam perjuangan untuk kesetaraan dan keadilan.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

legislatif

legislatif

Ex: The legislative process typically involves multiple stages , including committee review , floor debate , and final vote .Proses **legislatif** biasanya melibatkan beberapa tahap, termasuk tinjauan komite, debat di sidang paripurna, dan pemungutan suara akhir.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a law or a set of laws passed by a legislative body, such as a parliament

undang-undang

undang-undang

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

pengacara, kuasa hukum

pengacara, kuasa hukum

Ex: The attorney advised her on the best course of action for the lawsuit .**Pengacara** menasihatinya tentang tindakan terbaik untuk gugatan tersebut.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

mengesahkan, meloloskan

mengesahkan, meloloskan

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa telah **mengesahkan** resolusi yang meminta kedua negara untuk melanjutkan perundingan perdamaian.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

deklarasi

deklarasi

Ex: The company issued a declaration of compliance with industry standards to assure consumers of their product 's safety .

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

sidang, dengar pendapat

sidang, dengar pendapat

Ex: The judge called for a competency hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial .Hakim memanggil **sidang** kompetensi untuk menentukan apakah terdakwa layak untuk diadili.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

yudisial

yudisial

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities .Pengacara memainkan peran penting dalam menyajikan argumen dan bukti di hadapan otoritas **yudisial**.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

sah, diizinkan

sah, diizinkan

Ex: The agreement was negotiated and signed under legitimate terms and conditions .Perjanjian itu dinegosiasikan dan ditandatangani dengan syarat dan ketentuan yang **sah**.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

pernyataan, pembelaan

pernyataan, pembelaan

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.Pengacara pembela berargumen untuk pengurangan dakwaan berdasarkan **perjanjian pengakuan** yang dinegosiasikan dengan penuntut.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

menuntut, mengadili

menuntut, mengadili

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .Dia menyewa seorang ahli untuk membantu **menuntut** kasus tersebut, memastikan setiap sudut hukum tercakup.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the state of being represented or the act of representing

representasi, perwakilan

representasi, perwakilan

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(usually plural) people with decision-making power over a specific area in a country

pihak berwenang, penguasa

pihak berwenang, penguasa

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

keputusan, putusan

keputusan, putusan

Ex: The school board 's ruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students .**Keputusan** dewan sekolah untuk menerapkan kebijakan kode berpakaian baru memicu kontroversi di antara orang tua dan siswa.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

menjatuhkan hukuman

menjatuhkan hukuman

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .Setelah persidangan, hakim dengan hati-hati **menjatuhkan hukuman** kepada pembunuh yang dihukum.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

bersaksi, memberikan kesaksian

bersaksi, memberikan kesaksian

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing to testify truthfully for a fair trial .Pengadilan mengandalkan saksi-saksi yang bersedia **bersaksi** dengan jujur untuk persidangan yang adil.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

kesaksian, pernyataan

kesaksian, pernyataan

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their testimony.Pengacara pembela menginterogasi saksi untuk menantang kredibilitas **kesaksian** mereka.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(law) a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

saksi, penyaksi

saksi, penyaksi

Tutup

[Kata benda]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

bukti, keterangan

bukti, keterangan

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as valuable evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .Dokumen dan artefak sejarah berfungsi sebagai **bukti** berharga untuk memahami peradaban dan peristiwa masa lalu.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

pengadilan, persidangan

pengadilan, persidangan

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .Pengacara mempersiapkan diri secara ekstensif untuk **persidangan**, mengumpulkan semua dokumen yang diperlukan dan pernyataan saksi.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

putusan, keputusan

putusan, keputusan

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .Media melaporkan **putusan** penting yang menetapkan preseden baru dalam hukum pidana.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

jaminan, kebebasan dengan jaminan

jaminan, kebebasan dengan jaminan

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond.Keluarga tersangka bersatu untuk mengumpulkan uang untuk **uang jaminannya**.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

mengajukan banding, mengajukan permohonan banding

mengajukan banding, mengajukan permohonan banding

Ex: The defendant decided to appeal the verdict of the lower court in hopes of receiving a more favorable outcome .Terdakwa memutuskan untuk **mengajukan banding** atas putusan pengadilan rendah dengan harapan mendapatkan hasil yang lebih menguntungkan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

terdakwa, tersangka

terdakwa, tersangka

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .**Terdakwa** tetap tenang selama persidangan, mempertahankan kepolosannya meskipun ada argumen kuat dari penuntut.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an unfinished version of something written that might be subject to change before it is finished

draf, rancangan

draf, rancangan

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

menuduh, mengadili

menuduh, mengadili

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .Saat ini, tim hukum **menuduh** individu yang terlibat dalam skandal korupsi.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

tindakan, proses hukum

tindakan, proses hukum

Ex: The plaintiff initiated legal action to seek damages for the harm done.Penggugat mengajukan **gugatan** hukum untuk menuntut ganti rugi atas kerugian yang dialami.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

gugatan, perkara

gugatan, perkara

Ex: The lawsuit dragged on for years , causing financial strain on both parties involved .**Gugatan** tersebut berlangsung selama bertahun-tahun, menyebabkan tekanan finansial pada kedua belah pihak yang terlibat.

Tutup

[kata kerja]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

menuntut, menggugat

menuntut, menggugat

Ex: Last year , the author successfully sued the competitor for plagiarism .Tahun lalu, penulis berhasil **menggugat** pesaing karena plagiarisme.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

prosedur, tindakan

prosedur, tindakan

Ex: The proceedings were marked by intense arguments between the opposing counsels .**Proses persidangan** ditandai dengan argumen yang intens antara pengacara yang berseberangan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

an elected officer of law in a county

sheriff, petugas polisi terpilih

sheriff, petugas polisi terpilih

Ex: He served as sheriff for over two decades , earning the respect of the local community .Dia menjabat sebagai **sheriff** selama lebih dari dua dekade, mendapatkan rasa hormat dari komunitas lokal.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

inspektur, perwira polisi

inspektur, perwira polisi

Ex: Inspector Johnson was commended for his diligent work in uncovering corruption within the department.**Inspektur** Johnson dipuji atas kerja kerasnya dalam mengungkap korupsi di dalam departemen.

Tutup

Kosakata Penting untuk TOEFL

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