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Kosakata Penting untuk TOEFL - Hukum dan Ketertiban

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang hukum dan ketertiban, seperti "keadilan", "rancangan undang-undang", "klausa", dll., yang diperlukan untuk ujian TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
justice
[Kata benda]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

keadilan

keadilan

Ex: The victim's family sought justice through the court system for the crimes committed against their loved one. 

Keluarga korban mencari keadilan melalui sistem pengadilan untuk kejahatan yang dilakukan terhadap orang yang mereka cintai.

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constitution
constitution
[Kata benda]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

konstitusi

konstitusi

Ex: The Indian constitution is one of the longest and most detailed in the world, outlining the structure of government and the rights of its people. 

Konstitusi India adalah salah satu yang terpanjang dan paling rinci di dunia, menguraikan struktur pemerintahan dan hak-hak rakyatnya.

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bill
bill
[Kata benda]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

rancangan undang-undang, usulan undang-undang

rancangan undang-undang, usulan undang-undang

Ex: After several debates, the bill was passed and became law. 

Setelah beberapa perdebatan, rancangan undang-undang disahkan dan menjadi undang-undang.

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clause
clause
[Kata benda]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

klausa, pasal

klausa, pasal

Ex: The insurance policy has a deductible clause, which outlines the amount the policyholder must pay out of pocket before the insurer covers the rest. 

Polis asuransi memiliki klausa deductible, yang menguraikan jumlah yang harus dibayar oleh pemegang polis dari kantongnya sendiri sebelum perusahaan asuransi menanggung sisanya.

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statute
statute
[Kata benda]

an officially written and established law

undang-undang, statuta

undang-undang, statuta

Ex: He challenged the statute in court, arguing that it was unconstitutional. 

Dia menantang statuta di pengadilan, dengan alasan bahwa itu tidak konstitusional.

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act
act
[Kata benda]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

undang-undang, akta

undang-undang, akta

Ex: The environmental protection act was introduced to safeguard natural resources. 

Undang-undang perlindungan lingkungan diperkenalkan untuk melindungi sumber daya alam.

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legislative
legislative
[Adjektiva]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

legislatif

legislatif

Ex: Lobbying is a common practice where interest groups seek to influence legislative decisions. 

Lobi adalah praktik umum di mana kelompok kepentingan berusaha mempengaruhi keputusan legislatif.

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legislation
legislation
[Kata benda]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

perundang-undangan, undang-undang

perundang-undangan, undang-undang

Ex: The legislation on data privacy has changed how companies handle user information. 

Perundang-undangan tentang privasi data telah mengubah cara perusahaan menangani informasi pengguna.

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attorney
attorney
[Kata benda]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

pengacara, kuasa hukum

pengacara, kuasa hukum

Ex: The attorney prepared the necessary documents for the property transfer. 

Pengacara menyiapkan dokumen yang diperlukan untuk pengalihan properti.

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to pass
to pass
[kata kerja]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

mengesahkan, meloloskan

mengesahkan, meloloskan

Ex: In 1996, Congress unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Act. 

Pada tahun 1996, Kongres secara bulat mengesahkan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Kualitas Pangan.

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declaration
declaration
[Kata benda]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

deklarasi

deklarasi

Ex: The declaration of independence marked the nation's formal break from colonial rule. 

Deklarasi kemerdekaan menandai pemutusan formal bangsa dari pemerintahan kolonial.

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hearing
hearing
[Kata benda]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

sidang, dengar pendapat

sidang, dengar pendapat

Ex: During the evidentiary hearing, the prosecution presented forensic evidence to support their case. 

Selama persidangan pembuktian, penuntut umum menyajikan bukti forensik untuk mendukung kasus mereka.

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judicial
judicial
[Adjektiva]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

yudisial

yudisial

Ex: The judicial system ensures fair treatment and due process for all individuals involved in legal proceedings. 

Sistem peradilan memastikan perlakuan yang adil dan proses yang semestinya bagi semua individu yang terlibat dalam proses hukum.

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legitimate
legitimate
[Adjektiva]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

sah, diizinkan

sah, diizinkan

Ex: Only legitimate voters are allowed to participate in the election process. 

Hanya pemilih sah yang diizinkan untuk berpartisipasi dalam proses pemilihan.

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plea
plea
[Kata benda]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

pernyataan, pembelaan

pernyataan, pembelaan

Ex: She entered a plea of guilty to avoid a lengthy court proceeding. 

Dia mengajukan pernyataan bersalah untuk menghindari proses pengadilan yang panjang.

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to prosecute
to prosecute
[kata kerja]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

menuntut, mengadili

menuntut, mengadili

Ex: The prosecutor’s office chose not to prosecute, citing insufficient evidence. 

Kantor jaksa memilih untuk tidak menuntut, mengutip bukti yang tidak cukup.

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representation
representation
[Kata benda]

the state of being represented or the act of representing

representasi, perwakilan

representasi, perwakilan

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authority
authority
[Kata benda]

a person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others

otoritas, kewenangan

otoritas, kewenangan

Ex: The school authorities decided on the curriculum. 

Otoritas sekolah memutuskan kurikulum.

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ruling
ruling
[Kata benda]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

keputusan, putusan

keputusan, putusan

Ex: The ruling by the arbitration panel ended the long-standing dispute between the two companies. 

Keputusan oleh panel arbitrase mengakhiri perselisihan yang sudah lama antara dua perusahaan.

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to sentence
to sentence
[kata kerja]

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

menjatuhkan hukuman

menjatuhkan hukuman

Ex: The judge carefully considered the evidence before deciding how to sentence the defendant. 

Hakim dengan hati-hati mempertimbangkan bukti sebelum memutuskan bagaimana menjatuhkan hukuman kepada terdakwa.

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to testify
to testify
[kata kerja]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

bersaksi, memberikan kesaksian

bersaksi, memberikan kesaksian

Ex: Experts may be called to testify regarding their professional opinions on a case. 

Para ahli mungkin dipanggil untuk bersaksi mengenai pendapat profesional mereka tentang suatu kasus.

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testimony
testimony
[Kata benda]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

kesaksian, pernyataan

kesaksian, pernyataan

Ex: Her testimony was crucial in establishing the defendant's guilt. 

Kesaksiannya sangat penting dalam menetapkan kesalahan terdakwa.

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witness
witness
[Kata benda]

a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

saksi, penyaksi

saksi, penyaksi

Ex: The defense cross-examined the witness thoroughly. 

Pembela menginterogasi saksi secara menyeluruh.

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evidence
evidence
[Kata benda]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

bukti, keterangan

bukti, keterangan

Ex: Before drawing conclusions, it's important to carefully evaluate all available evidence and consider alternative explanations. 

Sebelum menarik kesimpulan, penting untuk mengevaluasi dengan cermat semua bukti yang tersedia dan mempertimbangkan penjelasan alternatif.

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trial
trial
[Kata benda]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

pengadilan, persidangan

pengadilan, persidangan

Ex: After a lengthy trial, the defendant was found guilty and sentenced to ten years in prison. 

Setelah pengadilan yang panjang, terdakwa dinyatakan bersalah dan dihukum sepuluh tahun penjara.

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verdict
verdict
[Kata benda]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

putusan, keputusan

putusan, keputusan

Ex: The defense team was surprised by the unexpected verdict of not guilty. 

Tim pembela terkejut dengan putusan tidak bersalah yang tak terduga.

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bail
bail
[Kata benda]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

jaminan, kebebasan dengan jaminan

jaminan, kebebasan dengan jaminan

Ex: The judge set bail at $10,000 for the defendant's release from jail before the trial. 

Hakim menetapkan jaminan sebesar $10.000 untuk pembebasan terdakwa dari penjara sebelum persidangan.

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to appeal
to appeal
[kata kerja]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

mengajukan banding, mengajukan permohonan banding

mengajukan banding, mengajukan permohonan banding

Ex: The tenant's lawyer advised them to appeal the eviction order issued by the housing court. 

Pengacara penyewa menyarankan mereka untuk mengajukan banding atas perintah pengusiran yang dikeluarkan oleh pengadilan perumahan.

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defendant
defendant
[Kata benda]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

terdakwa, tersangka

terdakwa, tersangka

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to cast doubt on the defendant's involvement. 

Pengacara pembela menguji silang saksi untuk meragukan keterlibatan terdakwa.

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draft
draft
[Kata benda]

a preliminary version of a written text, subject to revision before being finalized

draf, rancangan

draf, rancangan

Ex: He rewrote the report after reading the draft. 

Dia menulis ulang laporan setelah membaca draf.

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to charge
to charge
[kata kerja]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

menuduh, mengadili

menuduh, mengadili

Ex: The district attorney is considering whether to charge the defendant with assault. 

Jaksa distrik sedang mempertimbangkan apakah akan menuduh terdakwa dengan penyerangan.

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action
action
[Kata benda]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

tindakan, proses hukum

tindakan, proses hukum

Ex: The court decided to dismiss the action due to lack of evidence. 

Pengadilan memutuskan untuk membatalkan tuntutan karena kurangnya bukti.

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lawsuit
lawsuit
[Kata benda]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

gugatan, perkara

gugatan, perkara

Ex: The lawsuit was settled out of court with both parties agreeing to a financial settlement. 

Gugatan diselesaikan di luar pengadilan dengan kedua belah pihak menyetujui penyelesaian keuangan.

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to sue
to sue
[kata kerja]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

menuntut, menggugat

menuntut, menggugat

Ex: The author opted to sue the publisher for copyright infringement. 

Penulis memilih untuk menuntut penerbit karena pelanggaran hak cipta.

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proceedings
proceedings
[Kata benda]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

prosedur,  tindakan

prosedur, tindakan

Ex: Both parties agreed to settle the dispute outside of the formal court proceedings. 

Kedua belah pihak setuju untuk menyelesaikan perselisihan di luar proses pengadilan formal.

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sheriff
sheriff
[Kata benda]

an elected officer of law in a county

sheriff, petugas polisi terpilih

sheriff, petugas polisi terpilih

Ex: The sheriff's deputies patrolled the rural county to ensure community safety. 

Wakil-wakil sheriff berpatroli di kabupaten pedesaan untuk memastikan keamanan masyarakat.

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inspector
inspector
[Kata benda]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

inspektur, perwira polisi

inspektur, perwira polisi

Ex: She was promoted to inspector last year. 

Dia dipromosikan menjadi inspektur tahun lalu.

Tutup
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