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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - La Ley y el Orden

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la ley y el orden, como "justice", "bill", "clause", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
justice
[Sustantivo]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

justicia

justicia

Ex: They believed that true justice could only be achieved through reforms in the legal system .

Creían que la verdadera justicia solo podía lograrse mediante reformas en el sistema legal.

constitution
constitution
[Sustantivo]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constitución

constitución

Ex: The constitution of South Africa , adopted in 1996 , enshrines the principles of equality and human dignity as core values of the nation .

La constitución de Sudáfrica, adoptada en 1996, consagra los principios de igualdad y dignidad humana como valores centrales de la nación.

bill
bill
[Sustantivo]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

proyecto de ley

proyecto de ley

Ex: The bill was delayed in the legislative process due to disagreements among committee members .

El proyecto de ley se retrasó en el proceso legislativo debido a desacuerdos entre los miembros del comité.

clause
clause
[Sustantivo]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

cláusula

cláusula

Ex: The constitution contains a freedom of speech clause that protects individuals ' rights to express themselves without censorship from the government .

La constitución contiene una cláusula de libertad de expresión que protege el derecho de los individuos a expresarse sin censura del gobierno.

statute
statute
[Sustantivo]

an officially written and established law

ley, estatuto

ley, estatuto

Ex: Under the statute, the company must provide annual safety training for employees .

Según el estatuto, la empresa debe proporcionar capacitación anual en seguridad para los empleados.

act
act
[Sustantivo]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

ley, acto

ley, acto

Ex: The civil rights act was a significant milestone in the fight for equality and justice .

La ley de derechos civiles fue un hito significativo en la lucha por la igualdad y la justicia.

legislative
legislative
[Adjetivo]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

legislativo

legislativo

Ex: The legislative process typically involves multiple stages , including committee review , floor debate , and final vote .

El proceso legislativo generalmente implica múltiples etapas, incluyendo la revisión en comité, el debate en el pleno y la votación final.

legislation
legislation
[Sustantivo]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

legislación

legislación

Ex: The legislation banning single-use plastics will take effect next year .

La legislación que prohíbe los plásticos de un solo uso entrará en vigor el próximo año.

attorney
attorney
[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

representante legal, apoderado

representante legal, apoderado

Ex: The attorney advised her on the best course of action for the lawsuit .

El abogado le aconsejó sobre el mejor curso de acción para la demanda.

to pass
to pass
[Verbo]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

aprobar, decretar

aprobar, decretar

Ex: The United Nations Security Council has passed a resolution asking the two countries to resume peace negotiations .

El Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas ha aprobado una resolución pidiendo a los dos países que reanuden las negociaciones de paz.

declaration
declaration
[Sustantivo]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

declaración

declaración

Ex: The company issued a declaration of compliance with industry standards to assure consumers of their product 's safety .

Declaración

hearing
hearing
[Sustantivo]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

audiencia, vista

audiencia, vista

Ex: The judge called for a competency hearing to determine if the defendant was fit to stand trial .

El juez solicitó una audiencia de competencia para determinar si el acusado estaba en condiciones de ser juzgado.

judicial
judicial
[Adjetivo]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

judicial

judicial

Ex: Lawyers play a crucial role in presenting arguments and evidence before the judicial authorities .

Los abogados desempeñan un papel crucial al presentar argumentos y pruebas ante las autoridades judiciales.

legitimate
legitimate
[Adjetivo]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

legítimo, legal

legítimo, legal

Ex: The agreement was negotiated and signed under legitimate terms and conditions .

El acuerdo fue negociado y firmado bajo términos y condiciones legítimos.

plea
plea
[Sustantivo]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

declaración

declaración

Ex: The defense attorney argued for a reduction in charges based on the plea bargain negotiated with the prosecution.

El abogado defensor argumentó a favor de una reducción de cargos basada en el pleito negociado con la fiscalía.

to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

procesar

procesar

Ex: He hired an expert to help prosecute the case , ensuring every legal angle was covered .

Contrató a un experto para ayudar a procesar el caso, asegurándose de que todos los ángulos legales estuvieran cubiertos.

representation
representation
[Sustantivo]

the state of being represented or the act of representing

representación, figuración

representación, figuración

authority
authority
[Sustantivo]

a person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others

autoridad

autoridad

Ex: Government authorities intervened in the dispute.

Las autoridades gubernamentales intervinieron en la disputa.

ruling
ruling
[Sustantivo]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

resolución

resolución

Ex: The school board 's ruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students .

La decisión de la junta escolar de implementar una nueva política de código de vestimenta generó controversia entre padres y estudiantes.

to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

sentenciar

sentenciar

Ex: After the trial , the judge carefully sentenced the convicted murderer .

Después del juicio, el juez sentenció cuidadosamente al asesino convicto.

to testify
to testify
[Verbo]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

testificar, declarar

testificar, declarar

Ex: The court relies on witnesses who are willing to testify truthfully for a fair trial .

El tribunal depende de testigos que están dispuestos a testificar con veracidad para un juicio justo.

testimony
testimony
[Sustantivo]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

testimonio, declaración

testimonio, declaración

Ex: The defense attorney cross-examined the witness to challenge the credibility of their testimony.

El abogado defensor interrogó al testigo para desafiar la credibilidad de su testimonio.

witness
witness
[Sustantivo]

a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

testigo

testigo

Ex: The judge reminded the witness to speak the truth .

El juez recordó al testigo que dijera la verdad.

evidence
evidence
[Sustantivo]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

prueba, comprobación

prueba, comprobación

Ex: Historical documents and artifacts serve as valuable evidence for understanding past civilizations and events .

Los documentos y artefactos históricos sirven como evidencia valiosa para comprender civilizaciones y eventos pasados.

trial
trial
[Sustantivo]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

juicio

juicio

Ex: The lawyer prepared extensively for the trial, gathering all necessary documents and witness statements .

El abogado se preparó extensamente para el juicio, reuniendo todos los documentos necesarios y los testimonios de los testigos.

verdict
verdict
[Sustantivo]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

veredicto

veredicto

Ex: The media reported on the landmark verdict that set a new precedent in criminal law .

Los medios informaron sobre el veredicto histórico que sentó un nuevo precedente en el derecho penal.

bail
bail
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

fianza

fianza

Ex: The suspect's family rallied together to raise money for his bail bond.

La familia del sospechoso se unió para recaudar dinero para su fianza libertad bajo fianza.

to appeal
to appeal
[Verbo]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

apelar a

apelar a

Ex: The defendant decided to appeal the verdict of the lower court in hopes of receiving a more favorable outcome .

El acusado decidió apelar el veredicto del tribunal inferior con la esperanza de recibir un resultado más favorable.

defendant
defendant
[Sustantivo]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

acusado

acusado

Ex: The defendant remained composed throughout the trial , maintaining innocence despite the prosecution 's strong arguments .

El acusado permaneció sereno durante todo el juicio, manteniendo su inocencia a pesar de los fuertes argumentos de la fiscalía.

draft
draft
[Sustantivo]

a preliminary version of a written text, subject to revision before being finalized

borrador

borrador

Ex: That draft eventually became the published article .

Ese borrador finalmente se convirtió en el artículo publicado.

to charge
to charge
[Verbo]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

acusar

acusar

Ex: Right now , the legal team is charging individuals involved in the corruption scandal .

En este momento, el equipo legal acusa a los individuos involucrados en el escándalo de corrupción.

action
action
[Sustantivo]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

acción

acción

Ex: The plaintiff initiated legal action to seek damages for the harm done.

El demandante inició una acción legal para buscar daños y perjuicios por el daño causado.

lawsuit
lawsuit
[Sustantivo]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

pleito, demanda, juicio

pleito, demanda, juicio

Ex: The lawsuit dragged on for years , causing financial strain on both parties involved .

El juicio se prolongó durante años, causando tensión financiera a ambas partes involucradas.

to sue
to sue
[Verbo]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

demandar

demandar

Ex: Last year , the author successfully sued the competitor for plagiarism .

El año pasado, el autor demandó con éxito al competidor por plagio.

proceedings
proceedings
[Sustantivo]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

proceso

proceso

Ex: The proceedings were marked by intense arguments between the opposing counsels .

Los procedimientos estuvieron marcados por intensos argumentos entre los abogados opuestos.

sheriff
sheriff
[Sustantivo]

an elected officer of law in a county

sheriff, alguacil

sheriff, alguacil

Ex: He served as sheriff for over two decades , earning the respect of the local community .

Sirvió como alguacil durante más de dos décadas, ganándose el respeto de la comunidad local.

inspector
inspector
[Sustantivo]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

inspector

inspector

Ex: The inspector questioned witnesses at the scene .

El inspector interrogó a los testigos en la escena.

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