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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - La Ley y el Orden

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la ley y el orden, como "justice", "bill", "clause", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
justice
justice
[Sustantivo]

a behavior or treatment that is fair and just

justicia

justicia

Ex: The victim's family sought justice through the court system for the crimes committed against their loved one. 
constitution
constitution
[Sustantivo]

the official laws and principles by which a country or state is governed

constitución

constitución

Ex: The constitution of this country guarantees freedom of speech and the separation of powers among its branches of government. 
bill
bill
[Sustantivo]

a new law that is proposed to a parliament to be discussed about

proyecto de ley

proyecto de ley

Ex: After several debates, the bill was passed and became law. 
clause
clause
[Sustantivo]

a separate part of a legal document that requires or talks about something specific

cláusula

cláusula

Ex: The rental agreement includes a clause specifying the responsibilities of both the landlord and the tenant. 
statute
statute
[Sustantivo]

an officially written and established law

ley, estatuto

ley, estatuto

Ex: The new statute requires all drivers to use hands-free devices while driving. 
act
act
[Sustantivo]

a law that is passed by a parliament or congress

ley, acto

ley, acto

Ex: The new education act aims to improve the quality of schools nationwide. 
legislative
legislative
[Adjetivo]

relating to the making and passing of laws by government bodies

legislativo

legislativo

Ex: The legislative branch of government is responsible for proposing, debating, and passing laws. 
legislation
legislation
[Sustantivo]

a formal rule or collection of rules enacted by a governing authority

legislación

legislación

Ex: The new environmental legislation limits carbon emissions from factories. 
attorney
attorney
[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who represents someone in a court of law

representante legal, apoderado

representante legal, apoderado

Ex: The attorney presented a strong case in court on behalf of his client. 
to pass
to pass
[Verbo]

to make or accept a law by voting or by decree

aprobar, decretar

aprobar, decretar

Ex: In 1996, Congress unanimously passed the Food Quality Protection Act. 
declaration
declaration
[Sustantivo]

(law) an official written document that people sign to agree on something or accept something as true

declaración

declaración

Ex: The parties signed a declaration of intent to formalize their agreement. 
hearing
hearing
[Sustantivo]

(law) an official gathering in a court of law, especially without the presence of the jury, to find out information about a case and listen to evidence

audiencia, vista

audiencia, vista

Ex: The judge scheduled a hearing to review the evidence presented by both parties. 
judicial
judicial
[Adjetivo]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

judicial

judicial

Ex: The judicial branch of government oversees the interpretation and application of laws through courts and judges. 
legitimate
legitimate
[Adjetivo]

officially allowed or accepted according to the rules or laws that apply to a particular situation

legítimo, legal

legítimo, legal

Ex: The company's operations were deemed legitimate after passing all regulatory inspections. 
plea
plea
[Sustantivo]

(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation

declaración

declaración

Ex: The defendant entered a plea of not guilty to the charges. 
to prosecute

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

procesar

procesar

Ex: The lawyer was hired to prosecute the case on behalf of the victim’s family. 
representation
representation
[Sustantivo]

the state of being represented or the act of representing

representación, figuración

representación, figuración

authority
authority
[Sustantivo]

a person or group that exercises administrative or controlling power over others

autoridad

autoridad

Ex: Local authorities regulate public services. 
ruling
ruling
[Sustantivo]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

resolución

resolución

Ex: The Supreme Court's ruling on the case set a precedent for future privacy rights. 
to sentence

to officially state the punishment of someone found guilty in a court of law

sentenciar

sentenciar

Ex: The judge will sentence the convicted criminal to five years in prison. 
to testify
to testify
[Verbo]

to make a statement as a witness in court saying something is true

testificar, declarar

testificar, declarar

Ex: Witnesses are called to testify about what they saw during the accident. 
testimony
testimony
[Sustantivo]

a formal statement saying something is true, particularly made by a witness in court

testimonio, declaración

testimonio, declaración

Ex: The witness provided compelling testimony that corroborated the victim's account. 
witness
witness
[Sustantivo]

a person who testifies under oath in a court of law

testigo

testigo

Ex: The witness testified in court about what they saw. 
evidence
evidence
[Sustantivo]

anything that proves the truth or possibility of something, such as facts, objects, or signs

prueba, comprobación

prueba, comprobación

Ex: The prosecution presented compelling evidence, including DNA analysis and eyewitness testimony, to support their case. 
trial
trial
[Sustantivo]

a legal process where a judge and jury examine evidence in court to decide if the accused is guilty

juicio

juicio

Ex: The trial lasted for several weeks as witnesses testified and evidence was presented. 
verdict
verdict
[Sustantivo]

an official decision made by the jury in a court after the legal proceedings

veredicto

veredicto

Ex: The jury reached an unanimous verdict of guilty after deliberating for several hours. 
bail
bail
[Sustantivo]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

fianza

fianza

Ex: The judge set bail at $10,000 for the defendant's release from jail before the trial. 
to appeal
to appeal
[Verbo]

to officially ask a higher court to review and reverse the decision made by a lower court

apelar a

apelar a

Ex: The defense attorney filed a motion to appeal the sentencing imposed by the trial court. 
defendant
defendant
[Sustantivo]

a person in a law court who is sued by someone else or is accused of committing a crime

acusado

acusado

Ex: The defendant pleaded not guilty to the charges of theft and fraud. 
draft
draft
[Sustantivo]

a preliminary version of a written text, subject to revision before being finalized

borrador

borrador

Ex: She emailed the first draft of her essay. 
to charge
to charge
[Verbo]

to officially accuse someone of an offense

acusar

acusar

Ex: The prosecutor decided to charge the suspect with theft based on the evidence. 
action
action
[Sustantivo]

a formal or legal process in which it is decided if someone has done something wrong or illegal

acción

acción

Ex: The action was filed to resolve the dispute between the two parties. 
lawsuit
lawsuit
[Sustantivo]

a complaint or claim that someone brings to a law court for settlement

pleito, demanda, juicio

pleito, demanda, juicio

Ex: She filed a lawsuit against the company for wrongful termination. 
to sue
to sue
[Verbo]

to bring a charge against an individual or organization in a law court

demandar

demandar

Ex: The dissatisfied customer decided to sue the company for breach of contract. 
proceedings
proceedings
[Sustantivo]

actions taken in a court of law in order to settle an argument

proceso

proceso

Ex: The lawyer reviewed the court proceedings carefully before the trial. 
sheriff
sheriff
[Sustantivo]

an elected officer of law in a county

sheriff, alguacil

sheriff, alguacil

Ex: The sheriff's deputies patrolled the rural county to ensure community safety. 
inspector
inspector
[Sustantivo]

a police officer holding an intermediate rank

inspector

inspector

Ex: The inspector led the investigation into the robbery. 
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