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Matematyka i Logika SAT - Geometry

Tutaj nauczysz się niektórych angielskich słów związanych z geometrią, takich jak "radian", "parabola", "asymptota" itp., które będą Ci potrzebne do zdania SAT.

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SAT Vocabulary for Math and Logic
slope
slope
[Rzeczownik]

the measure of how steep a line is, found by dividing the change in height by the change in horizontal distance

nachylenie

nachylenie

Ex: The slope of the line between points (1, 2) and (3, 6) is 2. 
arc
arc
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a part of a circle, which is curved

łuk, część okręgu

łuk, część okręgu

Ex: In a circle, a minor arc is shorter than a major arc. 
angle
angle
[Rzeczownik]

the space between two lines or surfaces that are joined, measured in degrees or radians

kąt, kąt (pomiar)

kąt, kąt (pomiar)

Ex: She used a protractor to measure the angle of the triangle accurately. 
radian
radian
[Rzeczownik]

a unit for measuring angles, defined by the angle made when the radius of a circle is laid along its edge

radian, jednostka miary kątów

radian, jednostka miary kątów

Ex: An angle of 1 radian means the arc length is the same as the radius of the circle. 
right angle
right angle
[Rzeczownik]

an angle measuring exactly 90 degrees

kąt prosty, kąt 90 stopni

kąt prosty, kąt 90 stopni

Ex: To construct a square, each corner must form a perfect right angle. 
acute angle
acute angle
[Rzeczownik]

an angle that measures between 0 and 90 degrees, which is less than a right angle (90 degrees)

kąt ostry, kąt mniejszy niż 90 stopni

kąt ostry, kąt mniejszy niż 90 stopni

vertical angle
vertical angle
[Rzeczownik]

one of a pair of opposite angles made by two intersecting lines, which are always equal

kąt pionowy, kąt wierzchołkowy

kąt pionowy, kąt wierzchołkowy

Ex: Vertical angles are always congruent to each other. 
consecutive angle
consecutive angle
[Rzeczownik]

pairs of angles that share a common side and vertex in a polygon or between intersecting lines

kąty kolejne, kąty przyległe

kąty kolejne, kąty przyległe

Ex: In a parallelogram, consecutive angles are supplementary, meaning their measures add up to 180 degrees. 
polygon
polygon
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a flat shape consisting of three or more straight sides

wielokąt, figura geometryczna o wielu bokach

wielokąt, figura geometryczna o wielu bokach

Ex: A triangle is the simplest type of polygon with three sides. 
parallelogram
parallelogram
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) any flat shape with four straight sides, the opposite sides of which are equal and parallel to each other

równoległobok, każda płaska figura o czterech prostych bokach

równoległobok, każda płaska figura o czterech prostych bokach

quadrilateral
quadrilateral
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a flat figure with four straight sides and four angles

czworokąt, figura płaska o czterech prostych bokach

czworokąt, figura płaska o czterech prostych bokach

hyperbola
hyperbola
[Rzeczownik]

a geometric curve formed by the intersection of a plane with two cones, resulting in two symmetrical branches

hiperbola, krzywa hiperboliczna

hiperbola, krzywa hiperboliczna

Ex: The hyperbola is a conic section formed by intersecting a plane with two cones on opposite sides of the plane. 
parabola
parabola
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a symmetrical open curve that is similar to the path of an object thrown into the air passes till it falls back to earth

parabola, krzywa paraboliczna

parabola, krzywa paraboliczna

Ex: The path of a thrown ball forms a parabola. 
rhombus
rhombus
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a flat shape with four equal sides in which opposite angles are equal

romb, rombo

romb, rombo

pentagon
pentagon
[Rzeczownik]

a geometric shape with five angles and five straight sides

pięciokąt, figura z pięcioma bokami

pięciokąt, figura z pięcioma bokami

Ex: The flag of the city had a pentagon in the center, symbolizing the five founders. 
tetrahedron
tetrahedron
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a polyhedron with four flat sides, a triangular pyramid

czworościan, piramida trójkątna

czworościan, piramida trójkątna

trapezoid
trapezoid
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a flat shape with four flat sides, two of which are parallel

trapez, trapezoid

trapez, trapezoid

equilateral triangle

a type of triangle with all three sides of equal length

trójkąt równoboczny, trójkąt równoboczny

trójkąt równoboczny, trójkąt równoboczny

Ex: Each side of an equilateral triangle is the same length. 
right triangle
right triangle
[Rzeczownik]

a flat geometric shape consisting of three straight sides and one right angle

trójkąt prostokątny, trójkąt z kątem prostym

trójkąt prostokątny, trójkąt z kątem prostym

acute triangle
acute triangle
[Rzeczownik]

a triangle in which all three interior angles are less than 90 degrees

trójkąt ostrokątny, trójkąt ostry

trójkąt ostrokątny, trójkąt ostry

Ex: In an acute triangle, each angle measures less than 90 degrees. 
isosceles triangle
isosceles triangle
[Rzeczownik]

a type of triangle that has two sides of equal length and two angles of equal measure

trójkąt równoramienny

trójkąt równoramienny

Ex: In an isosceles triangle, the base angles opposite the equal sides are congruent. 
scalene triangle
scalene triangle
[Rzeczownik]

a type of triangle that has all three sides of different lengths

trójkąt różnoboczny, trójkąt o nierównych bokach

trójkąt różnoboczny, trójkąt o nierównych bokach

Ex: The sides of a scalene triangle are not equal in length. 
obtuse triangle
obtuse triangle
[Rzeczownik]

a triangle in which one of the interior angles is greater than 90 degrees

trójkąt rozwartokątny, trójkąt z kątem rozwartym

trójkąt rozwartokątny, trójkąt z kątem rozwartym

Ex: In an obtuse triangle, one angle measures more than 90 degrees. 
rectangular pyramid

a three-dimensional geometric shape that has a rectangular base and four triangular faces that meet at a single point called the apex

piramida prostokątna, piramida o podstawie prostokątnej

piramida prostokątna, piramida o podstawie prostokątnej

Ex: In the art project, students created models of rectangular pyramids using cardboard for the base and sides. 
right circular cylinder

a three-dimensional geometric shape with two parallel circular bases connected by a curved surface at a right angle to the bases

prosty okrągły walec, walec z okrągłą podstawą pod kątem prostym

prosty okrągły walec, walec z okrągłą podstawą pod kątem prostym

Ex: To find the surface area of a right circular cylinder, you need to account for both the lateral surface area and the area of the two bases. 
right circular cone

a solid figure with a circular base and a vertex that is perpendicular to the center of the base

prosty stożek kołowy, prosty stożek o podstawie kołowej

prosty stożek kołowy, prosty stożek o podstawie kołowej

Ex: An ice cream cone is a common example of a right circular cone, with the scoop of ice cream sitting on the circular base. 
epicycle
epicycle
[Rzeczownik]

a small circle whose center moves around the circumference of a larger circle

epicykl, koło wtórne

epicykl, koło wtórne

Ex: The concept of an epicycle allows for the modeling of complex periodic movements in geometry and astronomy. 
hypotenuse
hypotenuse
[Rzeczownik]

the longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle, and defined as the side opposite the right angle in a right-angled triangle

przeciwprostokątna, najdłuższy bok trójkąta prostokątnego

przeciwprostokątna, najdłuższy bok trójkąta prostokątnego

Ex: In a right-angled triangle with legs of length 3 and 4 units, the hypotenuse can be calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as √(3² + 4²) = 5. 
base
base
[Rzeczownik]

the side of a geometric shape, usually the one considered as the bottom, from which the height is measured

podstawa, bok podstawy

podstawa, bok podstawy

Ex: In a triangle, the base is the side used to calculate the height for finding the area. 
diameter
diameter
[Rzeczownik]

a straight line from one side of a round object, particularly a circle, passing through the center and joining the other side

średnica, średnica

średnica, średnica

Ex: The diameter of a circle is the longest distance between any two points on its circumference, passing through the center. 
radius
radius
[Rzeczownik]

the length of a straight line drawn from the center of a circle to any point on its outer boundary

promień, półśrednica

promień, półśrednica

Ex: The radius of a circle is half the length of its diameter, extending from the center to any point on the circumference. 
vertex
vertex
[Rzeczownik]

a point where two or more lines, edges, or rays meet to form an angle, or the point at which the sides of a polygon intersect

wierzchołek, wierzchołek

wierzchołek, wierzchołek

Ex: In a triangle, each of its three corners is a vertex where two sides meet. 
perimeter
perimeter
[Rzeczownik]

the total length of the external boundary of something

obwód

obwód

Ex: The geometry student calculated the perimeter of the rectangular garden to determine how much fencing would be needed. 
circumference
circumference
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) the length of the external boundary of a curved shape, especially a circle

obwód

obwód

Ex: The formula for finding the circumference of a sphere involves multiplying the diameter by π (pi). 
area
area
[Rzeczownik]

the measurement of a piece of land or a flat surface

powierzchnia

powierzchnia

Ex: The area of a rectangle can be calculated by multiplying its length by its width. 
surface area
surface area
[Rzeczownik]

the total area that the surface of a three-dimensional object occupies

powierzchnia,  pole powierzchni

powierzchnia, pole powierzchni

Ex: To find the surface area of a cube, you calculate the area of one face and multiply it by six. 
volume
volume
[Rzeczownik]

the amount of space that a substance or object takes or the amount of space inside an object

objętość, pojemność

objętość, pojemność

Ex: The volume of water in the glass was 250 milliliters. 
asymptote
asymptote
[Rzeczownik]

a straight line that a curve approaches indefinitely but never intersects, characterizing the limiting behavior of the curve

asymptota, linia asymptotyczna

asymptota, linia asymptotyczna

Ex: The hyperbola has asymptotes that represent the lines the curve approaches but never crosses. 
tangent
tangent
[Rzeczownik]

a straight line that touches a curve or surface at exactly one point, known as the point of tangency

styczna, linia styczna

styczna, linia styczna

Ex: In geometry class, we learned how to draw a tangent to a circle, ensuring it only touched the circle at a single point. 
protractor
protractor
[Rzeczownik]

a measuring instrument used to measure and draw angles

kątomierz, transport

kątomierz, transport

Ex: The teacher used a protractor to show how to measure angles in the geometry lesson. 
line of symmetry
line of symmetry
[Rzeczownik]

a line that divides a shape into two congruent parts

linia symetrii, oś symetrii

linia symetrii, oś symetrii

Ex: A circle has an infinite number of lines of symmetry because it can be divided into two equal halves along any diameter. 
geometric series
geometric series
[Rzeczownik]

a series of numbers in which each term after the first is found by multiplying the previous term by a fixed, non-zero number

szereg geometryczny, ciąg geometryczny

szereg geometryczny, ciąg geometryczny

Ex: The geometric series 2, 4, 8, 16, ... has a common ratio of 2. 
quadrant
quadrant
[Rzeczownik]

one-fourth of a circle, formed by two perpendicular radii and the connecting arc

kwadrant, ćwierć koła

kwadrant, ćwierć koła

Ex: Each quadrant of a circle represents one-fourth of the circle's area. 
interior angle
interior angle
[Rzeczownik]

an angle formed between two sides of a polygon that lies inside the shape

kąt wewnętrzny, kąt wewnątrz figury

kąt wewnętrzny, kąt wewnątrz figury

Ex: Each interior angle of a regular pentagon measures 108 degrees. 
ellipse
ellipse
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a closed plane curve that has two focal points

elipsa, krzywa eliptyczna

elipsa, krzywa eliptyczna

chord
chord
[Rzeczownik]

a straight line segment that connects two points on the edge of a circle

cięciwa, akord

cięciwa, akord

Ex: The longest chord in a circle is its diameter. 
diagonal
diagonal
[przymiotnik]

(of a straight line) joining opposite corners of a flat shape at an angle

diagonalny

diagonalny

Ex: The diagonal line on the graph represented the trend of increasing sales over time. 
congruent
congruent
[przymiotnik]

(in geometry) describing shapes of the same size and form

przystający, zgodny

przystający, zgodny

Ex: If you fold the paper along the crease, the two halves are congruent. 
parallel
parallel
[przymiotnik]

having an equal distance from each other at every point

równoległy, równoodległy

równoległy, równoodległy

Ex: The two lines on the graph are parallel, indicating no change in their relationship. 
transversal
transversal
[przymiotnik]

(of a line) intersecting two or more other lines at different points

poprzeczny, przecinający

poprzeczny, przecinający

Ex: In geometry, a transversal line can create various angles with the lines it intersects. 
perpendicular
perpendicular
[przymiotnik]

(of lines or planes) intersecting each other at a 90 degree angle

prostopadły, pod kątem prostym

prostopadły, pod kątem prostym

Ex: In technical drawings, architects ensure walls are precisely perpendicular to allow for square structures. 
to bisect
to bisect
[Czasownik]

to divide something into two equal parts

podzielić na dwie równe części, przeciąć na pół

podzielić na dwie równe części, przeciąć na pół

Ex: Using a ruler, she carefully bisected the line on the paper. 
to translate
to translate
[Czasownik]

(geometry) to move a shape or figure from one position to another without rotating, resizing, or otherwise altering its shape

przesuwać, przenosić

przesuwać, przenosić

Ex: To translate the triangle 5 units to the right and 3 units up, you add 5 to the x-coordinates and 3 to the y-coordinates of each vertex. 
asymmetry
asymmetry
[Rzeczownik]

(geometry) a lack of symmetry or equivalence in shape or size between the two sides or parts of something

asymetria

asymetria

Ex: In geometry, asymmetry means the two sides are not identical. 
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